Objective Given evidence for oxidative dysregulation in bipolar disorder, we examined thiol–disulphide balance (TDB) as a redox biomarker and evaluated the impact of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on TDB to clarify redox contributions to BD pathophysiology. Methods This observational mixed design study comprising cross-sectional case–control comparisons of BD-ECT(n = 31), BD-non-ECT (n = 46), healthy control (n = 42) groups and within-subject repeated-measures assessments across phases (mania, post-ECT where applicable, remission) in bipolar disorder, quantifying native thiol, disulphide, and total thiol to derive TDB ratios, with FDR-adjusted statistics. Results Compared with healthy controls, native thiol was lower in both manic and remission phases (e.g., Mania(299.4 ± 81.16) vs. HC(379.91 ± 48.93); p < 0.001), while disulphide was higher (e.g., Remission(22.85 ± 5.07) vs. HC(17.66 ± 4.96); p < 0.001). Within the ECT group, no significant within-patient changes in TDB indices were observed across time points (all p > 0.05). Conclusion We observed a shift of thiol–disulphide balance (TDB) towards oxidative predominance in both manic and remission phases of BD with no significant ECT-related modulation of TDB during mania. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive examination of the impact of oxidative stress on the underlying mechanisms of BD and potential therapeutic mechanisms of ECT.

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the proportions of circulating follicular helper T (Tfh) and B cell subsets, as well as serum levels of cytokines and chemokines, between patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who are anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)–positive and healthy controls, and to investigate the interaction mechanisms between Tfh and B cells.MethodsAQP4-ab–positive NMOSD patients were enrolled during acute attacks and remission phases, along with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to assess circulating Tfh and B cell subsets. Purified CD19+ B cells were cultured alone or co-cultured with CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cells for 6 days, with various interventions applied to evaluate alterations in Tfh or B cell phenotypes. Serum and supernatant levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-21, CXCL13, and AQP4-ab were measured.ResultsDuring acute attacks, NMOSD patients exhibited significantly higher proportions of total Tfh, ICOS+ Tfh, activated Tfh17, switched memory B cells, double-negative B cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells, along with elevated serum levels of IL-6, IL-21, and CXCL13. In contrast, the frequencies of activated Tfh1, naive B cells, and transitional regulatory B cell subsets were significantly reduced. Functional assays revealed that Tfh cells promoted B cell proliferation, differentiation, and AQP4-ab production. Conversely, B cell subsets enhanced Tfh cell proliferation, differentiation, and IL-21 secretion; these effects were attenuated by anti-CD20 and anti–interferon-γ (IFN-γ) monoclonal antibodies, but were augmented by anti–IL-10 monoclonal antibody.ConclusionsCirculating Tfh and B cell subsets are dysregulated in AQP4-ab–positive NMOSD, accompanied by increased levels of IL-6, IL-21, and CXCL13. Reciprocal interactions between Tfh and B cells likely contribute to disease pathogenesis.

Noninvasive MRI assessment of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in different phases of Ménière's disease: a prospective study.

Plasma metabolomics identifies lipid mediators linking depression and cognitive decline in late-life depression.

The psychological challenges faced by families raising children after oncological diseases remain highly relevant and continue to be a central focus for professionals providing psychological support to these families. Objective: to analyze literature data and the results of own research on the psychological correction of the condition of children in the period of remission of oncological diseases at the stage of rehabilitation in the conditions of a sanatorium for children with their parents. Materials and methods. The comprehensive rehabilitation program for 37 children in remission from oncological diseases included the following components: a gentle physical activity regimen, climate therapy, therapeutic nutrition, physical therapy based on methods for children with various somatic conditions, singlet oxygen cocktails, children’s herbal tea (holosas with ascorbic acid), and structured psychological support programs for both children and their parents. In addition to this standard program, Rehabilitation Complexes No. 1–3 also incorporated therapeutic drinking regimens using mineral waters “Voznesenska,” “Truskavetska,” and “Akva-Libra.” To assess the psychological state of the children, the following psychodiagnostic tools were used: a children's anxiety questionnaire, a short-term memory test (“10-word memorization”), the “Correction Test” (letter version). For the psychodiagnosis of parents, the following tools were applied: Brief Scale for Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (B. Hart), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). A total of 30 children (18 boys and 12 girls) aged 5 to 15 years underwent psychological assessment. Results. Analysis of data from both domestic and international literature underscores the critical importance of providing psychological support to cancer patients – particularly children in remission. Psychological correction conducted during the remission phase of oncological illness in children had a demonstrably positive impact on their emotional well-being. Improvements included reduced levels of aggression, secrecy, anxiety, and withdrawal, along with an increased sense of security, self-confidence, optimism, and motivation for leadership. Traits such as demonstrativeness, femininity, extroversion, and introversion remained relatively stable even after the corrective interventions. Notably, none of the children exhibited high levels of anxiety following the sessions. Psychological sessions conducted with mothers of children in remission significantly lowered both reactive and trait anxiety. In addition, mothers showed improved attitudes toward their child’s illness, with marked reductions in anxiety, nosognosia (lack of insight into illness), and general emotional tension Conclusion. A differentiated approach to the psychological support of children recovering from oncological diseases, taking into account their levels of anxiety and types of aggression, promotes improvements in social adaptation, psycho-emotional well-being, and interpersonal relationships. Additionally, providing psychological assistance to mothers of these children significantly reduces manifestations of both trait and state (reactive) anxiety.

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have reached epidemic proportions for Indigenous populations globally. In Australia, disproportionate rates of T2D and MetS are inextricably tied to the experience of colonisation. As part of a growing shift towards strengths-based, Aboriginal-led initiatives, this project sought to co-design and assess the feasibility of a metabolic remission initiative, whereby Aboriginal people living on Ngarrindjeri Ruwe (Country) are supported to adopt a low-carbohydrate diet.Methods and analysisThis 28-week pilot takes the form of a non-randomised stepped-wedge design. Aboriginal adults (≥18 years) living on Ngarrindjeri Ruwe with T2D or MetS will be recruited to two sites in rural South Australia. Participants will transition through three phases (control phase, remission phase and maintenance phase) with repeated measures taken across five key time points (T1–T5). While centring on the adoption of a low-carbohydrate diet, participants will be equipped with continuous glucose and ketone monitors and meal boxes and offered ongoing support through weekly to fortnightly check-ins. The primary outcome is to assess the feasibility of Nra:gi Ya:yun in preparation for a large-scale clinical trial of similar design. Feasibility will be assessed through recruitment, retention and adherence rates. Self-reported dietary recall, out-of-pocket food costs and national pharmaceutical and medical benefits scheme data will also be examined. Qualitative data obtained using the Aboriginal research method of yarning will aid analysis and interpretation of results. Clinical measures (such as blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, capillary ketones and capillary glucose) and venous blood draws will assist in the evaluation of our secondary outcome, namely the initiatives’ preliminary effect on participant metabolic health.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated to Community, participants and policymakers in the form of digital posters, manuals, infographics and peer-reviewed publications. Lessons from this study have the potential to provide insights and benefits to Australian public health policy and research, as well as Indigenous populations globally who face similar metabolic challenges. Findings will be used to advise on an implementation strategy for a large-scale clinical trial. Pilot trial approved by the Aboriginal Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC), Flinders University HREC and Southern Adelaide Local Health Network HREC.Trial registration numberPilot prospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12624001019594.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder. It is an autoimmune disorder, meaning that in MS the immune system which normally protects us from viruses, bacteria, and other threats mistakenly attacks healthy cells. predominantly affects young adults and is characterized by chronic autoimmune activity. This study explores the crucial role of cytokines, like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Osteopontin which promoting inflammation and CNS tissue injury. The current study comprised fifty patients with relapse remitting MS. Blood was drawn from 50 MS patients and 40 healthy people who served as controls. The serum levels of IFN-γ and OPN were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results indicate non-significant differences in IFN-γ level between MS patients and controls group of the study’s sample (P&gt; 0.05), whereas the level OPN cytokines was significantly higher in patients with RRMS compared with healthy individuals (P≤ 0.001**). The current study shown on significant differences between MS patients and controls in serum levels of IFN-γ. Higher OPN serum level in studied patients suggests that OPN increased in RRMS patients who were in remission phase.

Idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (ISSNS) is the most common glomerular disease in children, yet its molecular mechanisms and lipid-mediated pathophysiology remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed comprehensive non-targeted metabolomic analysis of serum samples obtained from children with ISSNS during both the nephrotic and remission phases to identify metabolic alterations associated with disease status. Using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), we profiled low-molecular-weight metabolites and identified significant alterations in several lipid classes, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and lysophospholipids. Several sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine species showed strong correlations with total cholesterol levels, reflecting lipid alterations consistent with the hyperlipidemic state that characterizes ISSNS. In contrast, oxidized phosphatidylcholines may more specifically reflect oxidative membrane injury and glomerular permeability changes associated with disease status. These findings highlight membrane lipid remodeling as a key feature of active disease and suggest potential lipid-based biomarkers for disease monitoring and therapeutic evaluation in pediatric ISSNS. This study provides a metabolomic framework for understanding lipid-driven mechanisms of ISSNS pathophysiology.

A longitudinal study of supportive care needs among Chinese parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Deeper remission achievement and longer leukemia-free survival with inati-cel as consolidation therapy in allogeneic transplant-ineligible adolescent and adult patients with B-ALL

Alteration of bile acid profile in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate whether subclinical cardiac involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be detected early using strain echocardiography and to assess the relationship between disease activity and myocardial strain. Methods: A total of 40 patients with active IBD (22 with Crohn’s disease, 18 with ulcerative colitis) were included. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured by echocardiography during the active disease phase and after achieving remission. Strain values were compared between active and remission periods. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in GLS values between active and remission phases in the overall group or subgroups. However, strain improvement was more pronounced in female patients and non-smokers during remission. Conclusion: Although cardiac strain measurements did not significantly differ between disease phases, the findings suggest a potential impact of sex and smoking status on myocardial function in IBD. Strain echocardiography may help detect early cardiac involvement in selected patients.

Disclosure: N. Chand: None. R. Yan: None. S. Cholekho: None.Introduction: Cyclic Cushing's syndrome (CCS) is a rare disorder characterized by episodic hypercortisolism alternating with normal cortisol levels, which poses significant diagnostic challenges. It mainly affects women and can lead to serious metabolic and cardiovascular issues. Understanding its cyclical nature is vital for effective management. Method: We present a case of a 47-year-old female with a history of mammary adenosis and lung adenocarcinoma who underwent extensive evaluation for suspected CCS. Results: The patient initially showed no clear signs of hypercortisolism, indicating a subtle onset of CCS. Over 12 months, she developed bilateral adrenal nodules, recurrent facial edema, and mild weight gain.Imaging revealed an irregular right adrenal gland (2.9 × 2.4 cm) and a well-defined left adrenal gland (0.8 cm). Her 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) was 201.7 µg/24 hr, and a dexamethasone suppression test showed ACTH at 1.70 ng/mL and PTC at 28.60 mol/L. Cortisol and ACTH levels fluctuated during hospitalization. After diagnosis, the patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenal tumor resection, revealing a cortical adenoma. Post-surgery, she received a tapering glucocorticoid regimen for one month. Three months later, hormone levels normalized, facial swelling diminished, and her weight decreased from 62 kg to 60 kg, indicating treatment efficacy. However, ongoing monitoring is essential due to recurrence risk. Conclusion: CCS presents unique diagnostic challenges because of its variable manifestations and remission phases. Treatment must be individualized based on hormonal dynamics, with careful monitoring for relapse. The lack of standardized diagnostic criteria complicates CCS identification, highlighting the need for increased clinician awareness, especially in high-risk groups. Further research is crucial to develop effective diagnostic protocols for CCS. Keyword: Cyclic Cushing syndrome, ACTH, Dexamethasone suppression test (DST), Adrenal adenoma.Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025

Abstract Background and Aims Infective disease are commonly associated with recurrence/occurence of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Neuroaminidase (NEU), an essential components of several microorganism, such as viruses, plays an essential role by removing sialic acids from the cell surface. Sialic acids play a crucial role in maintaining the polyanionic charge of the glomerular filtration barrier, which is essential for selective permeability. Pathologic glomerular hyposialylation, linked to podocyte effacement, has been associated with glomerulopathies in both humans and mouse models. Method We compared the Neuroaminidase-1 (NEU-1) activity in serum of patients with steroid-sensitive (n = 40) and steroid resistant NS (n = 10) with healthy controls (n = 30) and different glomerulonephritis (n = 15), including as Lupus and IgA nephropathies. Moreover, we performed mass spectrometry analysis of podocytes cell culture co-coltured with NEU-1. Results NEU-1 activity resulted significantly increased in patients with proteinuric NS, compared to Healthy subjects, non-proteinuric NS and other glomerulonephritis (Fig. 1A). In 15 NS patients with serum collected at two different time-points, with and without proteinuria in nephrotic range, NEU-1 activity resulted significantly higher in nephrotic condition than in remission (Fig. 1B). Moreover, more complicated forms of NS were associated wit an increased NEU-1 activity (Fig. 1C). Moreover, in vitro experiments suggested that when co-coltured with podocytes, NEU1 may affects the mRNA splicing, that may lead to dysfunctional or misfolded proteins, potentially compromising podocyte structure and function (Fig. 1D–F). Conclusion Our findings suggest that increased NEU-1 activity is strongly associated with proteinuric states in nephrotic syndrome, particularly in more severe and treatment-resistant forms. The dynamic variation of NEU-1 activity between nephrotic and remission phases further supports its role in disease pathophysiology. Moreover, in vitro evidence indicates that NEU-1 may influence podocyte integrity by altering mRNA splicing, potentially leading to structural and functional impairment. These results may support the rationale for administering N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), the uncharged precursor of sialic acid, in NS.

BackgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that the occurrence, development, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are closely related to the intestinal microecology. However, whether Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) are characterized by distinct gut microbial signatures and associated disease phenotypes remains to be determined. The present study investigates the correlation between potential pathogenic or protective intestinal bacteria and the clinical pathological characteristics of patients with IBD.MethodsA total of 274 tissue samples from patients with IBD, including 237 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples and 37 fresh samples, were detected by qPCR for Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. The study identified significant correlations between specific bacteria and clinical features such as age, disease location, disease behavior, and immunohistochemical markers.ResultsAmong patients with CD, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis colonization was associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, Ki-67 expression, disease behavior, and prognosis. Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization showed a significant association with EBV infection and lesion location. Listeria monocytogenes colonization was correlated with IgG4 levels and disease location. Moreover, as a potential probiotic, the colonization rate of Akkermansia muciniphila is significantly higher during the remission phase than in the active phase of CD. Notably, among patients with UC, these bacteria did not correlate well with clinical pathological characteristics. In addition, compared with healthy people, these bacteria in the feces of patients with CD and UC also exhibit different characteristics.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, compared with UC, certain specific gut bacteria, such as Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, may play a more important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of CD. In addition, different intestinal microbiota-based therapeutic strategies should be developed for CD and UC.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-025-07095-w.

ObjectiveBipolar disorder includes features of a biphasic energy disregulation. Lactate and LDH have been suggested as biomarkers for mitochondrial dysfunction, which has a role in its etiology. This study aims to examine the correlation between electrophysiological brain dynamics, quantified by Entropy Doubling and Ruzsa Distance derived from EEG data, and peripheral lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in patients with bipolar disorder in remission.MethodsIn this study, 20 individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder Type I following DSM-V criteria were consecutively assessed throughout their remission phase while attending our outpatient unit for routine evaluations. Metabolic syndrome and the usage of conventional antipsychotics serves as an exclusion criterion. We examined serum LDH and lactate levels and did EEGs. All EEG data is arranged with a sample rate of 125 Hz. The additive combinatorial entropy of the electrodes is what makes up the entropic Rusza Distance. The Hilbert-based Entropy Doubling approach was used to process the analytical signals for each EEG channel.ResultsEnergy dysregulation includes theta and gamma frequency bands, both in relation to lactate and LDH. Lactate and LDH levels in the F7 theta band were linearly correlated. A negative correlation was found between the levels of lactate and LDH levels in the O1, Fz, and Cz gamma bands.ConclusionOur findings suggest that there is a unique relationship between electrophysiological brain dynamics and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated metabolic stress in bipolar disorder.

The primary goal of managing type1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is to achieve glycemic control and prevent both acute and chronic complications. In recent years, automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, such as the 780G AID system, have significantly improved glycemic control and patient safety. Despite being the most advanced treatment option, AID initiation is often delayed until the honeymoon stage (partial remission phase). This study evaluated the impact of initiating MiniMed™ 780G at diagnosis on metabolic control and glycemic metrics in children newly diagnosed with T1D. It compares early AID initiation with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy over a 1-year follow-up period. This retrospective study included children and adolescents (age range 0.87-17.72years) newly diagnosed with T1D between January 2023 and August 2024. Ten patients who were initiated on AID therapy at diagnosis were included, with eight patients completing a 1-year follow-up. Data from these eight patients and seven patients on CGM + MDI therapy were analyzed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12months. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.98 ± 3.22years (0.87-9.82) for the AID group and 9.77 ± 4.89years (3.70-17.72) for the CGM + MDI group (p = 0.14). The AID system was initiated at an average of 3.33 ± 7.73days (2-23) after diagnosis, while sensor use in the CGM + MDI group began an average of 17.37 ± 8.86days (1-29) after diagnosis. At 12months, mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 6.10% (43 mmol/mol) in the AID group compared with 7.73% (61 mmol/mol) in the CGM + MDI group. Time in range (TIR) was 79.0% vs. 50.7%, and time above range (TAR) was 13.4% vs. 30.7%, based on 2-week CGM data prior to the 12-month visit (p = 0.02, p = 0.009, p = 0.02). No case of diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia was reported during the follow-up period. This study highlights the potential benefits of initiating AID therapy at the time of diagnosis, offering novel insights into its safety and efficacy in the early management of T1D. These findings suggest that early initiation of AID therapy at the time of diagnosis is feasible and may improve glycemic outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare inflammatory marker levels during manic episodes and early remission in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), in light of increasing evidence linking mood episodes to alterations in systemic inflammation. Furthermore, it sought to examine the association between inflammatory markers and illness severity, as well as to explore potential gender-related differences in these inflammatory responses. Materials and Methods: This retrospective clinical study included 61 patients diagnosed with BD manic episodes and treated and 64 healthy control subjects. Hemogram values, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin levels and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores were measured within 24 hours of admission and at discharge. Results: In patients with BD experiencing a manic episode, CRP (0.96 ± 2.02 mg/L), CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) (0.24 ± 0.534), neutrophil count (5.81 ± 3.42 × 10³/µL), and mean platelet volume (MPV) (8.11 ± 1.302 fL) levels were higher compared to healthy controls [control group: CRP (0.21 ± 0.34 mg/L), CAR (0.046 ± 0.075), neutrophil count (4.22 ± 1.26 × 10³/µL), MPV (9.78 ± 1.97 fL)]. Albumin levels in the patient group (4.19 ± 0.43 g/dL) were lower than those in the controls (4.65 ± 0.23 g/dL). The monocyte level and systemic immune response index values significantly increased after treatment in female but not in male patients. A negative correlation was identified between the YMRS scores and inflammatory markers in females for albumin and monocytes, while in males, a negative correlation was identified for CRP and CAR. Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of systemic inflammation in BD and suggest gender-specific differences in disorder characteristics and treatment responses, warranting further investigation.

ObjectivesImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is a small-vessel vasculitis characterized by perivascular IgA deposition and neutrophil activation. Elafin, an anti-inflammatory and anti-protease protein expressed by epithelial and select immune cells, may play a role in modulating vascular inflammation. We evaluated serum elafin levels in pediatric patients with IgAV during active stage and remission, and investigated their associations with disease activity, organ involvement, and systemic inflammatory markers.MethodsThis single-center prospective case-control study included 51 pediatric patients diagnosed with IgAV and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Paired data were obtained from the same IgAV patients during the remission phase, allowing intra-individual comparisons. Serum elafin levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inflammatory parameters, including complete blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were assessed in all participants.ResultsSerum elafin levels were significantly elevated in patients with IgAV (45.43 ± 11.11 ng/dL; range: 34.02–69.28) compared to healthy controls (27.44 ± 12.66 ng/dL; range: 0.01–41.84) (p < 0.001), with the highest concentrations observed during active disease stage (p < 0.001). Patients with visceral involvement (gastrointestinal, renal, or scrotal) exhibited significantly higher elafin levels (p < 0.05), whereas no significant association was found with isolated skin or joint involvement. Serum elafin levels demonstrated positive correlations with the ESR (p = 0.001, r = 0.418), CRP (p < 0.001, r = 0.547), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.002, r = 0.355), and systemic immune-inflammation index (p = 0.003, r = 0.347). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified an optimal serum elafin cut-off value of 35.38 ng/dL for distinguishing active IgAV, yielding a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 77.8%.ConclusionSerum elafin levels were significantly elevated during the active stage of IgAV and may serve as a potential biomarker for disease activity, particularly in patients with visceral involvement.

Some patients with Graves’ disease (GD) develop hypothyroidism after antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment and are found to be positive for thyroid stimulation-blocking antibody (TSBAb). However, thyroid volume (TV) changes throughout this process remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to quantify TV changes before and after hypothyroidism onset in patients with GD harboring TSBAb and compare them with those in patients with GD who developed hypothyroidism without TSBAb or achieved remission with ATD. This retrospective study evaluated TV changes using ultrasonography in three groups: 10 patients with GD who developed hypothyroidism with TSBAb (TSBAb(+)-hypo group), nine without TSBAb (TSBAb(–)-hypo group), and 91 who achieved remission after ATD treatment (Remission group). In the TSBAb(+)-hypo group, TV significantly decreased from the hyperthyroid to hypothyroid phase (median: 33.3 mL [range: 14.2–52.0] vs. 13.6 mL [4.3–23.3], respectively; p = 0.001). In the TSBAb(–)-hypo group, TV significantly decreased from the hyperthyroid to hypothyroid phase (26.6 mL [11.9–49.2] vs. 20.9 mL [7.4–34.2], respectively; p = 0.037). In the Remission group, TV also decreased significantly from the hyperthyroid to remission phase (29.8 mL [8.2–88.4] vs. 25.1 mL [9.5–72.0], respectively; p = 0.0002). The decrease in TV was significantly higher in the TSBAb(+)-hypo group than in the TSBAb(–)-hypo and Remission groups (53.9% [37.9–74.5] vs. 30.9% [–22.3 to 63.0] and 10.7% [–100.7 to 52.0], respectively; p = 0.027 and <0.0001). This study documents the first precise measurement of TV reduction using ultrasonography in patients with GD who developed hypothyroidism with TSBAb, showing a markedly greater decrease than in those without TSBAb or in remission after ATD treatment.