Remediation Of Textile Wastewater Research Articles

Enhanced textile wastewater remediation in Phragmites karka-based vertical flow constructed wetlands using Phragmites-derived biochar

Vertical flow-constructed wetlands (VFCWs) are treatment systems that can be used for the phytoremediation of highly polluted textile wastewater. Using plant-derived biochar to simultaneously improve the contaminant removal performance of CWs and sustainable utilization of harvested plant biomass is an interesting proposition. The present study explored the phytoremediation potential of Phragmites karka and verified the impact of using P. karka-derived biochar as a substrate in VFCWs for the treatment of textile wastewater. For this, three types of VFCWs were designed; (i) non-vegetated (VFCW), (ii) vegetated with P. karka (VFCW–P), and (iii) vegetated with P. karka and amended with P. karka-derived biochar (VFCW-BP) and semi-batch experiments were conducted. The investigation confirmed that wetlands using biochar as substrate were more efficient than other wetlands in pollutant load reduction. The maximum pollutant removal efficiencies were recorded for VFCW-BP vis-à-vis COD (83.61%), color (77.87%), chloride (73.22%), calcium (73.52%), sodium (67.18%), and potassium (75.72%) after five days. Furthermore, biochar addition enhanced the growth conditions for wetland plants by alleviating osmotic and oxidative stresses and hence helped them to perform better while removing pollutants. The maximum reduction of various pollutant parameters was reached within 72 h, after which remediation efficiency was slowed down. The study suggests that VFCW with biochar amendment is a useful strategy for textile wastewater treatment. Because the experimental design satisfies the needs for low-cost wastewater treatment, it may find widespread applications.

Comparing efficacy of anodic and cathodic chambers in a low-cost algae-assisted microbial fuel cell for textile wastewater remediation

Remediation of industrial textile effluent using both the anodic and cathodic chambers of an algae-assisted microbial fuel cell (AMFC) is demonstrated and evaluated in this study. A low-cost AMFC is developed using clayware as the anode compartment housed inside a plastic bucket which acts as the cathode chamber. A comparative analysis of textile wastewater (TWW) treatment in both chambers is presented. Four treatment configurations were considered, namely T1 (only cathode supplied with TWW), T2 (both cathode and anode supplied with TWW), T3 (only anode supplied with TWW) and the control AMFC (no TWW was added in any compartment). It was observed that the bacterial populations in the anodic compartment were more adapted towards TWW than the microalgae in the cathodic chamber. The color removal efficiency by the anode and cathode chamber was respectively 89.55% and 40.53%. The COD removal was 94% and 48% from the anodic and cathodic chambers respectively. The T3 AMFC with effluent being supplied only to the anode chamber exhibited the highest power and current density of 2.1 W/m3 and 8 A/m3. The proposed system was able to degrade dyes from real textile wastewater and simultaneously generate bioelectricity and algal biomass.

Towards greener water remediation: Ca-impregnated pyro-hydrochar of spent mushroom substrate for enhanced adsorption of acridine red and methylene blue

Sustainable solutions for environmental remediation are of great interest due to the escalated release of toxic substances into the ecosystem. Here, Ca-impregnated pyro-hydrocarbon (Ca-SMS) was synthesized from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) via hydrothermal carbonization at a relatively low process temperature, followed by subsequent physicochemical activation. Ca-SMS underwent characterization using various analytical techniques, and its efficacy in removing acridine red (AR) and methylene blue (MB) was assessed through batch experiments. The results suggested that Ca-SMS is an effective adsorbent for AR and MB, visiting a removal capacity of 33.82 and 81.98 mg g−1 at 35 °C, respectively. The kinetic investigation uncovered that the dye removal process mostly agreed with the pseudo-second-order (PSO), while the Langmuir and Freundlich models were the most suitable to describe the removal of dyes. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the remediation process is spontaneous and endothermic. Adsorption mechanisms among dyes and Ca-SMS were multiple: physical adsorption, surface complexation, electrostatic, and π-π interaction. The feasibility of the proposed method for real sample treatment was demonstrated. These findings indicate that Ca-SMS is an effective alternative sorbent for the remediation of textile wastewater and is a viable solution for waste reduction in the rising mushroom cultivation sector.

Synergistic RB5 dye degradation and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis by WO3 nano-pellets: mechanistic insights and water remediation applications

Transition metal oxides (TMO), a non-noble element based oxides, establish remarkable potential in the realm of textile wastewater remediation and water splitting due to their sustainable catalytic performance. Highly functional TMO materials, in form of nanostrcutures, are of great interest owing to their robust photo and electro-catalytic activities for instituting sustainable development for the water and energy resource management framework. In the present article, we have reported catalytically active WO3 nano-pellets (NP) synthesized using microwave-assisted for photocatalytic wastewater remediation and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Promisingly, WO3 NP abetted degradation of the reactive black 5 (RB5) dye by almost 95 % in short time interval of 60 min in exposer of sun light. Present work includes the strategies to remove and observe the progression of reaction kinetics of dye degradation in neutral and alkaline media. By varying concentration of the catalyst (ranging from 250 mg/L to 1000 mg/L, in the step of 250 mg/L), we have prolifically verified that 750 mg/L turn out optimal dosage for 100% degradation in time interval of 120 min. Besides, WO3 NP has shown highest photocatalytic behaviour at 9 pH. The WO3 NP shows the electrocatalytic OER performance in an alkaline condition (1M KOH) with an overpotential of 418 mV to generate the geometric current density of 10 mA/cm² and Tafel slope of 178 mV dec⁻¹. Owing to robust nature, WO3 NP shows the almost similar photocatalytic response for ten cycles dye degradation and demonstrates the stable electrochemical charge transport for OER at 10 mA/cm2 for 50 hours.

PVDF-Based Piezo-Catalytic Membranes-A Net-Zero Emission Approach towards Textile Wastewater Purification.

Among the various water purification techniques, advancements in membrane technology, with better fabrication and analysis, are receiving the most research attention. The piezo-catalytic degradation of water pollutants is an emerging area of research in water purification technology. This review article focuses on piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer-based membranes and their nanocomposites for textile wastewater remediation. At the beginning of this article, the classification of piezoelectric materials is discussed. Among the various membrane-forming polymers, PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer discussed in detail due to its exceptional piezoelectric properties. Polyvinylidene difluoride can show excellent piezoelectric properties in the beta phase. Therefore, various methods of β-phase enhancement within the PVDF polymer and various factors that have a critical impact on its piezo-catalytic activity are briefly explained. This review article also highlights the major aspects of piezoelectric membranes in the context of dye degradation and a net-zero approach. The β-phase of the PVDF piezoelectric material generates an electron-hole pair through external vibrations. The possibility of piezo-catalytic dye degradation via mechanical vibrations and the subsequent capture of the resulting CO2 and H2 gases open up the possibility of achieving the net-zero goal.

Hydrogen bond-mediated self-assembly of Tin (II) oxide wrapped with Chitosan/[BzPy]Cl network: An effective bionanocomposite for textile wastewater remediation

A novel and efficient bionanocomposite was synthesized by incorporating SnO into chitosan (Ch) and a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). The bionanocomposite was synthesized in benzoyl pyridinium chloride [BzPy]Cl to maintain the unique properties of SnO, chitosan, and the ionic liquid. Adsorption and photodegradation processes were applied to evaluate the bionanocomposite for removing azo and anthraquinone dyes and textile wastewater. SnO/[BzPy]Cl and SnO/[BzPy]Cl/Ch samples were prepared and characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, SEM, XRD, EDAX, XPS, DSC, TGA, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and DRS analysis. SEM analysis revealed a hierarchical roughened rose flower-like morphology for the biocomposite. The band gap energies of SnO/[BzPy]Cl and SnO/[BzPy]Cl/chitosan were found to be 3.9 and 3.3 eV, respectively, indicating a reduction in the band gap energy with the introduction of [BzPy]Cl and chitosan. SnO/[BzPy]Cl/Ch showed high removal rates (92–95 %) for Fast Red, Blue 15, Red 120, Blue 94, Yellow 160, and Acid Orange 7 dyes. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model.In addition, the effect of different photodegradation parameters such as solution pH, dye concentrations, contact time, and amount of photocatalyst, was studied. Given the optimal results obtained in removing azo and anthraquinone dyes, the SnO/[BzPy]Cl/Ch nanocomposite was used as an efficient nanocomposite for removing dyes from textile wastewater. The highest removal efficiency was found to be 95.8 %, obtained under ultraviolet and visible light. Furthermore, BOD and COD reduction analysis showed significant reductions, indicating the excellent performance of the photocatalyst.

Photo-Fenton remediation of textile wastewater in fluidized-bed reactor using modified laterite: Hydrodynamic study and effect of operating parameters

There has been an increased interest for the use of naturally available catalysts in Fenton oxidation procedures. Nevertheless, the potential of laterite soil for the removal of aqueous pollutants via Fenton based technique has not been exhaustively explored. The fluidized bed photo Fenton approach was used in this study to treat textile wastewater with the goal of reducing total organic carbon (TOC) in the wastewater. Thermally modified laterite soil was used as a catalyst in the photo-Fenton process. Severalcharacterizationtechniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to gain insight into the characteristics of a modified laterite catalyst. The application of this catalyst resulted in a significant reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) present in the textile wastewater. Specifically, a TOC reduction of 83% was observed after a reaction period of 100 min, at pH 3, 10 mm of bed height, 30 mM of H2O2 concentration, and a recirculating feed flow rate of 170 ml/min. Kinetic and hydrodynamic investigations were also carried out to have a better understanding of the catalytic processes occurring inside the fluidized-bed reactor. A first-order kinetics could potentially be used to explain the photo-degradation of textile effluent. Up to three successive oxidation cycles, laterite exhibited notable catalytic stability attributed to lesser surface site deactivation. A cost-benefit analysis of the fluidized bed photo-Fenton technique for treating textile effluent was also performed. The fluidized-bed Fenton approach may be a feasible option for treating wastewater containing different colours because of its low operating costs and low environmental effect.

Fabrication of Low-cost, green Material-Based Microbial Fuel Cell for bioelectricity production through textile wastewater remediation

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are upcoming sustainable technologies that can be used simultaneously to solve issues such as effluent treatment and/or waste management as well as produce bioelectricity using microbes. However, typically most of the MFCs that are presently being fabricated may or may not be using environmental-friendly materials, and/or economically feasible. In this study, a cost- effective, single-chambered MFC using eco-friendly materials has been fabricated - Stainless steel mesh as electrode; Terracotta Earthen pot as separating membrane between the anode and cathode; Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), a non-toxic, biodegradable polymer, as the binder. Two compounds – Activated carbon and Manganese oxide, both known to be non-hazardous to the environment, were chosen to study as cathode catalysts. MFC with both Activated carbon and Manganese oxide as catalyst showed highest performance.

Electrokinetic Remediation for Textile Wastewater Contaminated Soil

<p>Soil contamination due to industrial activities is very common and discharging of partially treated or untreated textile wastewater into nearby environment in developing countries contaminated soils. The remediation of textile wastewater contaminated soils containing residual organic dyes and inorganic salts is risky. It is required to identify an economic and eco-friendly in-situ remediation technique for the textile wastewater contaminated soil. This paper investigates the effective removal of residual textile dyes and inorganic salts from the soil using electrokinetic remediation. Laboratory scale acrylic reactors were utilized and the soil was collected from the contaminated agricultural site. The experiment was optimized for different electrode combination (Iron-iron, Iron-stainless steel, Iron-aluminium, Iron-graphite), electrode distance (3 cm, 5.5 cm, and 10.5 cm) and electrical potential gradient (3V/cm, 4V/cm, and 5V/cm). Tap water was used as electrolytes in order to prevent further contamination during remediation process. An electroosmotic flow of 256 mL was observed at cathode reservoir for Iron-graphite electrodes and these electrodes removed 93% electrical conductivity and 82% of total organic carbon from soil. It is found that electroosmosis is the dominant mechanism by which residual textile dyes were removed. The proposed remediation technique is found efficient, economic and eco-friendly compared to the existing technologies.</p>

Association of Plant and Microorganisms on Textile Wastewater Remediation

Phytoremediation of heavy metals containing textile wastewater using vetiver grass (Chrysopogone zizanioides) associated with Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been performed. Two levels of heavy metal in wastewater (<1 and 100 ppm) in two replication were treated using C. Zizanioides associated with Bacillus sp. and C. Zizanioides associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Assessment of C. zizanioides capability was determined by the efficiency of heavy metals (Cu and Cr) removal and its accumulation in both of leaves and roots of the plants. It was obtained that the experiment of low concentration of Cr was totally eliminated from 0.06 to 0.00 ppm and on the other hand, about 42.6 percent (of 118.65 to 66.06 ppm) for high concentration decreased using C. zizanioides with Bacillus sp. The use of C zizanioides associated with P. aeruginosa was also able to eliminate totally low concentration Cr in textile wastewater (0.08 to 0.00 ppm) and about 69.2 percent (158.76 to 48.9 ppm) of the high Cr concentration. Elimination of Cu from wastewater was 74.4% (0.48 to 0.12) and 55.7% (61.34 to 27.16 ppm) for the treatment using C. zizanioides with Bacillus sp. at a low and high level of concentrations respectively. Meanwhile, combined C. zizanioides with Pseudomonas aeruginosa absorb the Cu 100% (0.36 to 0.00 ppm) and 65% (64.93 to 22.77 ppm) for wastewater with low and high concentrations of Cu respectively. Combination of C. zizanioides, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are fruitful in heavy metals containing wastewater remediation.

Carbon dots decorated magnetite nanocomposite obtained using yerba mate useful for remediation of textile wastewater through a photo-Fenton treatment: Ilex paraguariensis as a platform of environmental interest-part 2.

Two carbon dots (CD) with diameters of 4.9 ± 1.5 and 4.1 ± 1.2nm were successfully synthesized through an acid ablation route with HNO3 or H2SO4, respectively, using Ilex paraguariensis as raw material. The CD were used to produce magnetite-containing nanocomposites through two different routes: hydrothermal and in situ. A thorough characterization of the particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates that all nanomaterials have spherical-like morphology with a core-shell structure. The composition of this structure depends on the route used: with the hydrothermal route, the shell is composed of the CD, but with the in situ process, the CD act as nucleation centers, and so the iron oxide domains are in the shell. Regarding the photocatalytic mechanism for the degradation of methyl orange, the interaction between the CD and the magnetite plays an important role in the photo-Fenton reaction at pH 6.2, in which ligand-to-metal charge transfer processes (LTMCT) allow Fe2+ regeneration. All materials (100ppm) showed catalytic activity in the elimination of methyl orange (8.5ppm), achieving discoloration of up to 98% under visible irradiation over 400nm in 7h. This opens very interesting possibilities for the use of agro-industrial residues for sustainable synthesis of catalytic nanomaterials, and the role of the interaction of iron-based catalysts with organic matter in heterogeneous Fenton-based processes.

Evaluation of Heliconia psittacorum in a Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland (HFCW) System for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater

Constructed wetlands have promised sustainable treatment systems to remediate various industrial wastewaters, including textile. Textile wastewater contains a complex constituent of inorganic and organic pollutants such as dyes, toxic metals, surfactants, nutrients, and total dissolved solids. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the performance of Heliconia psittacorum in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HFCW) system for the remediation of textile wastewater. An HFCW system was set in a tank with a volume of 2 m3 divided by three sections where each section filled with coarse gravel, fine gravel, and sand media respectively resulted in a bed volume of 0.322 m3. The top of media was added compost then planted with Heliconia psittacorum. Diluted textile wastewater with a concentration of 20% was fed to the system in a continuous horizontal flow with an HRT of 2.7 days. The performance of the HFCW system showed water quality improvement from the wastewater within 11 weeks of observation. DO increased from < 2 to around 4 mg/L, pH and conductivity increased considerably. High decrease in NH4 and TN concentrations in the effluent of the HFCW system were observed with fluctuated removal efficiency (RE). Maximum RE for ammonia, TN, TSS, and COD was > 80%. Although showing a decreasing pattern during observation, phosphorus was not effectively removed by Heliconia psittacorum in the studied HFCW system. Cleaner effluent was observed than much dirty and black colour of influent. Heliconia psittacorum grew well with increased shoot height and numbers of new plant seedlings. The long-term observation was needed for Heliconia psittacorum in the HFCW system to reach a steady state and to examine its potential to remediate textile wastewater.

The in situ DBD plasma for Remazol dyes-based textile wastewater remediation

The in situ DBD plasma for Remazol dyes-based textile wastewater remediation

Ultra-Highly permeable loose nanofiltration membrane containing PG/PEI/Fe3+ ternary coating for efficient dye/salt separation

Loose nanofiltration membrane (LNM) with high separation toward dye/salt and high permeability is a promising candidate for resource recovery of textile wastewater. In this study, to prepare a high permeable LNM, a ternary coating system containing a small polyphenol molecule named pyrogallol (PG), polyethylenimine (PEI) and Fe3+ ion was co-deposited on the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile substrate via regulating the competition reactions between coordination bond (COB) and covalent bond (CB). The membrane formation mechanism, morphology, surface properties, and separation performance of dye/salts were investigated by characterizations and filtration experiments. The characterization results indicated that the addition of Fe3+ limited the CB formation between PG and PEI via Michael addition and Schiff base reaction, due to its strong coordination ability toward PG and PEI via COB with –OH and –NH- groups, further reducing the selective layer thickness and improving the membrane permeance as a result. The content of PEI and Fe3+ in ternary coating solution obviously affected membrane morphology and hydrophilicity, thus influencing the permeance. More importantly, The LNM-5 exhibited an ultrahigh water permeability of 141.5 LHM·bar−1, high rejection of Congo Red (CR, 99.5%) and Alcian blue 8GX (ALBL, 99.7%) as well as high transmission of salts (98.8% for NaCl, 97.3% for Na2SO4, respectively.), which performed much better than many reported state-of-the-art LNMs prepared by different methods. Even under 60 g/L salt content, high rejection of CR (99.1%) and high pass of salts (98.8% for Na2SO4) could be still maintained. Furthermore, the LNM-5 had a superior antifouling performance and long-term stability during filtration (22 h) of dye/salt mixture. This work indicated that small polyphenol/PEI/Fe3+ trinity coating could be used as a promising alternative in practical applications, realizing excellent molecular separation towards sustainable textile wastewater remediation.

Iron oxide nanoparticles embedded in organic microparticles from Yerba Mate useful for remediation of textile wastewater through a photo-Fenton treatment: Ilex paraguariensis as a platform of environmental interest - Part 1.

Seven composites of iron oxide nanoparticles embedded in organic microparticles mediated by Cu(II) were synthesized using yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) dry leaf extract as precipitant, capping agent, and dispersant medium, using different Cu/Fe molar ratios. A thorough characterization of the particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and atomic absorption-spectrometry (AA) indicates that all materials have spheric-like morphology with nanoparticles composed by metal oxide phases embedded into organic microparticles. Interestingly, this organic matter is proposed to play an important role in the solids' photocatalytic activity in a photo-Fenton reaction, in which iron photo-leaching was elucidated, and a mechanism through ligand-to-metal charge transfer processes was proposed. All materials showed catalytic activity in the methyl orange elimination, achieving discolorations up to 96% in 2h under UV irradiation at 375nm. An experimental correlation between all samples' UV/Vis spectra and their performances for methyl orange discoloration was observed. This process opens a landscape very interesting for the use of agroindustrial residues for green synthesis of metal oxide nanomaterials and their use and understanding of organo-metallic systems participation in Fenton-based processes.

The remediation of textile wastewater using solid Bauxite Residue waste as a potential Fenton catalyst in the fluidized bed Fenton process

Abstract The synergistic relationship between the reactor and the catalysts has gained immense popularity in the field of Chemical Engineering due to their wide application. Catalytic processes have evolved over the decades from expensive commercial catalysts to low-cost solid waste catalysts for the sustainable development and reduction of their impacts on the environment. This alternative use of solid waste can greatly decrease the cost of wastewater treatment and addresses solid wastes issues. Bauxite Residue (BR) is one such waste from alumina-based industries with excellent catalytic properties. The fluid dynamics of fluidized bed technology improves profoundly the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the heterogeneous Fenton process. This paper presents the preparation of the catalyst with minimum processing effort. It was characterized and factors affecting the degradation efficiency of synthetic dye wastewater were investigated. The optimum conditions for the eosin yellow dye were observed at a pH of five, oxidant concentration of 30 mM, catalyst dosage of 4 g/L. The removal efficiency at these optimum conditions was observed to be 91%. The residence time distribution (RTD) study was aimed to determine the behavior of the reactor using the mean residence time, variance, and dispersion number for the fluidized bed reactor.

Biosorption of Colour, Copper and Zinc in Textile Wastewater using Carbonized Orange Peels

Recently, low-cost adsorbents from sustainable sources are required for the remediation of textile wastewater. Carbonized Orange Peels (COPs) was utilized in remediating colour, Zinc and Copper from textile wastewater. The initial and final pH, colour and trace metals’ composition of the wastewater used were determined for the adsorption processes. Batch adsorption experiment was carried out on COPs and textile wastewater’s mixture to find effects of COP’s dosage, agitation, pH and contact time on the colour, Zinc and Copper’s removal from the wastewater. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies were conducted using Langmuir, Freundlich, Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order models. Findings established that the optimum removal of colour, Zinc and Copper respectively occurred at an adsorbent dosage of 2.5, 0.5 and 3.0 g/100ml, pH of 10, 4 and 2, rotating speed of 100, 250 and 250 rpm, contact time of 40, 60, and 40 mins. The adsorption isotherms revealed only copper adsorption as optimum and well fitted Langmuir isotherm. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model best suited adsorption data of the colour and metal ions with high correlation coefficient (R2) exceeding 0.95. Conclusively, COPs is effective in remediating the colour, copper and zinc from the wastewater, thus, recommended as suitable adsorbent for treatment of textile wastewater

Carbon textiles electrodes modified with RGO and Pt nanoparticles used for electrochemical treatment of azo dye

• The use of a dimensionally versatile textile electrode permits efficient wastewater decolorization. • TC–RGO–Pt electrodes permit naphthalene degradation after electrolysis. • The stability of TC–RGO–Pt anodes have been proved after the electrolysis. • Very low energy consumption is needed for dye electrochemical degradation. • High mineralization of organic matter is obtained with chloride addition. • These electrodes are a valuable alternative for textile wastewater remediation. The efficiency of Orange G (OG) azo dye degradation using an electrochemical method under potentiostatic conditions has been comparatively studied in two electrolytic cells (divided and undivided cells) in the presence or absence of chloride ions with Pt-modified textile electrodes. The morphology of the carbon-based electrodes with nanoparticles of platinum electrochemically dispersed on their surface was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and EDX analysis. The FESEM analyses confirmed that the textile surface was coated by Pt nanoparticles. According to the experimental results obtained, when the same solutions are comparatively treated with the two cells, the undivided cell always gives a quicker decolorization than the divided cell – and the decrease in total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total nitrogen (TN) confirms this result. The degree of OG removal was monitored by spectroscopic methods and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicate that that full best dye removal is obtained at a loaded charge of around 0.17 Ah L −1 which is associated with an electrical energy per order (EEO) of 0.189 kW h m −3 order −1 . Based on the results obtained, the electrochemical process with TC-RGO-Pt electrodes could be useful as a pretreatment technique or treatment for decolorizing wastewaters containing dyes.

Hybrid treatment system for real textile wastewater remediation based on coagulation/flocculation, adsorption and filtration processes: Performance and economic evaluation

This research investigates the feasibility of using hybrid treatment system based on coagulation/flocculation, adsorption and filtration processes for real textile wastewater treatment. Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) was used as a coagulant, Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) as adsorbent and Micro Zeolite (MZ) as filter media for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), color, total nitrogen (TN) and turbidity from raw textile effluents. Batch and continuous feed scaling-up studies (full design and set-up studies) were conducted to evaluate the performance of the integrated treatment system to treat about 1.5 lit/min of real textile wastewater in about 1.2 h in six operating runs (I, II, III, IV, V, VI). The obtained results showed the enhanced COD, TSS, TN, turbidity and color removal ability for all runs. The average removal reached 97.5% for COD, 98% for TSS, 98.4% for color, 86.1% for TN and 93.5% for turbidity. An economic evaluation study was conducted for treating 200 m3/day textile effluents to evaluate the commercial applicability of the system. All data gained from batch, continuous feed and economic studies verified the efficiency of applying coagulation/flocculation, adsorption and filtration integrated treatment system at low cost for real textile effluent remediation.

Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review

The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.