Reluctance Motor Design Research Articles

A Novel Approach to the Design and Development of a C-Core Sandwich-Type Radial Field Switched Reluctance Motor with On-Shaft Implementation in EV Application

<div>A novel design for a radial field switching reluctance motor with a sandwich-type C-core architecture is proposed. This approach combines elements of both traditional axial and radial field distribution techniques. This motor, similar to an in-wheel construction, is mounted on a shared shaft and is simple to operate and maintain. The rotor is positioned between the two stators in this configuration. The cores and poles of the two stators are separated from one another both magnetically and electrically. Both stators can work together or separately to produce the necessary torque. This adds novelty and improves the design’s suitability for use with electrical vehicles (EVs). A good, broad, and adaptable torque profile is provided by this setup at a modest excitation current. This work presents the entire C-core radial field switched reluctance motor (SRM) design process, including the computation of motor parameters through computer-aided design (CAD). The CAD outputs are verified via finite element (FE) analysis.</div>

New transverse linear switched reluctance motor design and analysis for transit uses

New transverse linear switched reluctance motor design and analysis for transit uses

Switched Reluctance Motor Design and Optimization

In the field of electric vehicle engineering, Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) are progressively drawing the attention of developers for their streamlined structural design, superior torque output, economical cost-benefit, and excellent energy efficiency ratios. This paper takes a four-phase 8/6-pole switched reluctance motor as an example, with a rated power of 7.5Kw and a rated speed of 1500r/min. According to the basic design requirements of the SRM, the SRM parameter design flow is designed, and a Matlab calculation program is written for the preliminary calculation of the SRM parameters, and the detailed design of its motor structural parameters is carried out. After that, the stator and rotor pole arc coefficients of the SRM are parametrically analyzed using Maxwell2D tool according to the design experience, and the optimal stator and rotor pole arc coefficients are selected. The simulation results show that the design optimization scheme can effectively reduce the SRM torque pulsation.

Switched Reluctance Motor Design for a Light Sport Aircraft Application

This paper presents the design of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) for a direct-drive propulsion application for a light sport aircraft. The SRM is designed to replace a 70 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor used in aerospace application with similar dimensional constraints. As a means of achieving high torque density and efficiency, a multi-objective design framework is used to optimize the geometry parameters of the motor. In order to further reduce the weight, rotor cutouts are implemented. The conduction angles for the asymmetric bridge converter are selected by employing a multi-objective genetic algorithm to map the torque speed characteristics of the motor. The core losses are evaluated with the modified Bertotti method to calculate the motor efficiency and determine the steady-state and transient thermal performance at the base speed. The designed coil winding is wound on a spindle winder, and the coil fitting, fill factor, and the coil retention are validated experimentally.

GA and PSO Based Approaches for Fast Optimization of External Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor Design Parameters

GA and PSO Based Approaches for Fast Optimization of External Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor Design Parameters

Switched Reluctance Motor Design Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms

Switched Reluctance Motor Design Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms

Switched Reluctance Motor Design for a Mid-Drive E-Bike Application

The popularity of electric bicycles (e-bikes) among urban commuters and cyclists is constantly increasing because e-bikes provide an efficient, more powerful, and a low-cost mode of transportation. Since the main issue is to increase the power density of the drive system, a permanent magnet (PM) machine is the preferred choice. In mid-drive systems, higher speed motors are commonly used, which provides the opportunity to use switched reluctance machines (SRM), because they can provide better performance when designed for higher speeds. Moreover, the simple, robust, and low-cost structure of SRM makes it a favorable option for e-bike drive systems. In this paper, an SRM design for an e-bike mid-drive system is investigated. Several 3-phase configurations with higher number of rotor poles than the stator poles are considered: 6/10, 6/14, and 12/16, as well as the conventional 12/8 SRM, for the sake of comparison. Main dimensions and requirements are defined from Shimano Steps mid-drive PM machine, whose characteristics are taken as the design goal. According to the results, the best configuration is selected and further optimized, leading to the final design for which a prototype is built and tested.

A Modified Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor Design for Torque Characteristics Improvement

A modified configuration for Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors (PMaSyRM) is studied in this paper. Conventionally, the PM materials are inserted in the flux barriers region of the rotor. Consequently, the PMs sizing parameters will be restricted to the available space that may limit the efficient use of PMs benefits. In this study, a portion of the rotor structure is replaced with an Interior PM (IPM) rotor so that an axially segmented integration of IPM and SyRM is obtained. Thus, the PMs design is performed specifically in the IPM segment independent of the SyRM scheme, while the SyRM segment remains PM-less. The main motivation of this concept is to improve the contribution of the PM material in the total torque as well as utilizing the special property of the proposed rotor configuration for pulsating torque reduction. A computationally cost-effective algorithm is proposed for the optimal design of IPM-SyRM motor by which a low-power design is carried out for a lightweight electric vehicle. The results for torque profile characteristics, PM volume, power-factor, and efficiency are compared with a conventional PMaSyRM that has been optimally designed as the reference case. Finally, a prototype is constructed to verify the theoretical analysis.

Shape optimization of synchronous reluctance motor using sensitivity information for multiple objective functions

PurposeThis paper aims to further improve the efficiency of multi-objective optimization design of synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) using the level set (LS) method, which has the advantage of obtaining a practical shape. The solutions obtained by gradient methods tend to be local ones due to the multi-modality of the objective function, especially when multiple objective functions. A huge number of trial calculations are required to obtain a high-quality and broadly distributed Pareto front. Therefore, it is indispensable to effectively get out of the local solutions in the optimization process with the LS method.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a novel method appropriately switching multiple objective functions with high independence of sensitivity information. The authors adopt highly independent mathematical expressions for the objective functions of the average torque and torque ripple. In addition, the authors repeatedly perform the optimization while appropriately selecting the sensitivity information of one objective function from multiple ones, which enables the authors to effectively break out of local solutions in the optimization process.FindingsThe proposed method was applied to the shape optimization of SynRM flux barriers and successfully searched a more extensive and advanced Pareto front in comparison with the conventional method.Originality/valueThe proposed method adopts search spaces with mathematical high independence for average torque and torque ripple. In the optimization process, when the solution search is judged to get stuck by several criteria, the search space is alternately switched to effectively get out of local solutions.

Topology Optimization Combined with a Parametric Algorithm for Industrial Synchronous Reluctance Motor Design

In this paper, we propose combining topology optimization with a parametric algorithm (TOCPA) to design an industrial synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) that satisfies super-premium efficiency (IE4). TOCPA consists of two main processes. An improved niching algorithm is proposed as an existing parametric algorithm, and multiple optimal points were identified quickly and effectively within the design range specified by the user. Existing parametric algorithms lack the ability to find unpredictable new optimal shapes; therefore, topology optimization has been added. TOCPA converges the two optimization methods to compensate for the shortcomings of each and maximizes the advantages. In addition, the boundary surface ON–OFF method is applied to accelerate the topology optimization process. Subsequent ratio-based smoothing techniques smooth out discontinuous interfaces and remove clusters to improve the torque characteristics and reduce the manufacturing difficulty. Finally, the torque ripple was reduced using the skew technique, and mechanical stability was confirmed using a stress analysis. An IE4 industrial SynRM was successfully designed using TOCPA.

Моделирование режимов тягового вентильно-индукторного электропривода троллейбуса

The results from development and simulation of a switched reluctance motor for a trolleybus traction drive are discussed. The project is based on the motor modular designing principles, and the 180 kW TAD-3 induction motor with which trolleybuses are currently equipped serves as a prototype. The switched reluctance motor’s parameters were obtained from a numerical analysis of the magnetic field using the ELCUT computer program and have been embedded into the MATLAB/Simulink model of the motor developed for the 12/8 stator poles to rotor teeth ratio. The modeling makes it possible to improve the design procedure, rationally select the control parameters, and obtain the dynamics of changes in the motor main parameters in various modes of its operation. The dependences of the phase current r.m.s. value and the mean torque on the control parameters, as well as the change in the trolleybus motor rotational speed in the constant power mode are investigated. The proposed switched reluctance motor design version supports all modes of operation according to the trolleybus standard motion diagram in the case of its being equipped with the TAD-3 induction traction motor. In using a reluctance adjustable drive in urban transport vehicles, savings up to 30% of active materials are achieved; only readily available and inexpensive materials are used, and the motor design is well amenable to mass scale production with low labor intensity (the magnetic system has a simple configuration; the motor does not have a commutator, squirrel cage, and permanent magnets, and its coils are machine-wound).

Design and analysis of linear switched reluctance motor

<p>This paper proposes a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) to replace the conventional serving that is used in food and beverage (F&B) applications such as a pack of sushi and carbonated drinks. This conventional method is no longer practical as it requires a lot of space which will affect costing and productivity. It’s also has another disadvantage, in which it needs frequent maintenance of the rotational motor, gear, and limit switches. Therefore, this research is about the design and analysis of linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) for F&B applications. The main objective is to design a LSRM and the finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate the result. The result showed that the 24s/16p was the best model for linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) design. The model had average force (F_avg) of 28.36 N for input current (I) of 1A. To conclude, this paper<br />provides a guideline in designing the LSRM for F&B application.</p>

Adopting the Topology Optimization in the Design of High-Speed Synchronous Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicles

This article deals with the design of high-speed synchronous reluctance motors for electric vehicle applications. The need to enhance the power density and to lower the cost leads to research on high-speed motors with a reduced amount of rare earth. Pure synchronous reluctance motors potentially operate at high speed and exhibit a cost-effective rotor compared to permanent magnets and induction motors. Nevertheless, they present reduced performances in deep flux weakening operations, in particular when the so-called radial ribs are introduced to increase the mechanical robustness of the rotor. In this article, the introduction of the radial ribs and the related design challenges are investigated and discussed. The adoption of the topology optimization tool that is able to optimize the amount, the positioning, and the sizing of suitable structural ribs is presented. A design flow integrating the topology optimization is presented. The approach leads to an original positioning of the radial ribs able to preserve the performance of the motor at high operating speed enhancing the mechanical integrity of the rotor.

Powertrain EV synchronous reluctance motor design with redundant topology with novel control

A doubly three-phase fed synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) is designed for electrical vehicle powertrain application. SynRM aims to deliver instant power and high power density, high torque at low speeds and high power at high speeds, wide speed range, high efficiency throughout its range of operation, ruggedness, high safety at a reasonable cost. Under these requirements, a 60 kW, 9000 rpm and 400 Nm SynRM has been designed. The main objective is to demonstrate the SynRM powertrain operation behaviour and determinate the operation points electrically and thermally. To reach the proposed SynRM goal, a new direct torque control algorithm based on output regulation subspace theory control is presented. The winding motor topology is galvanic isolated, so it is possible to operate with the six phases directly to the load and because of that, the combination with a back-to-back (B2B) converter becomes so profitable. To validate the system, two B2B full-converters and two motors (SynRM and induction machine) were used in a real test bench. Finally, a simulated and real efficiency map is obtained covering different drive cycles range. Some remarks about normal and failure mode of operation are presented.

Torque simulation in a reluctance motor design incorporating HTS materials in both stator and rotor parts

Torque simulation in a reluctance motor design incorporating HTS materials in both stator and rotor parts

Switched reluctance motor design for electric vehicles based on harmonics and back EMF analysis

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely accepted in automotive applications. The high torque density, high rotational speed with maximum efficiency in electric vehicle applications is technically challenging for motor design. However, these machines are expensive and difficult to work at high-temperature harsh environment due to permanent magnets demagnetisation features. Alternatively, switched reluctance motors can provide similar output characteristics and a wider speed. Thus these are considered to be more fault tolerant and more reliable. This study proposes a 20 kW, three-phase switched reluctance motor and analyse its overall performance and harmonic contents. The study is conducted by optimising the slot filling factor, excitation voltage and switching sequence of an asymmetrical half bridge converter. A finite element model is used to predict the core and copper losses and other influencing parameters. Simulation results are presented and analysed the effectiveness of the proposed switched reluctance motor (SRM).

3-D Structure Line-Start Synchronous Reluctance Motor Design Based on Selective Laser Melting of 3-D Printing

Due to the features of high efficiency, high torque, and without using permanent magnets, the synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) have become popular in industry. Such advantages are contributed by the design of the rotor barriers and ribs that the flux flow path are arranged as shown in Fig. 1(a). However, the requirements of motors usually are not just high efficiency but some other more operation capabilities such as low vibration and easy start. Unfortunately, as compared with the industrial most commonly used induction motors (IMs), position sensors are additionally required for initiating starting of SynRMs [1], [2]. Moreover, the barriers and ribs of SynRMs may increase the risk of structure deformation as rotation. Hence, this paper proposes a novel design of applying the 3D bionic structure in the SynRMs with new flux path design to solve the said problems. Further, the additive manufacturing (3D printing) is adopted to fabricate the complicated prototype of the rotor.

A Novel Approach to the Design and Development of 12/15 Radial Field C-Core Switched Reluctance Motor for Implementation in Electric Vehicle Application

This paper presents a novel 12/15 radial field C-core switched reluctance motor (SRM) design, which offers combined advantages of axial field and conventional radial field SRM. In addition, the in-wheel implementation of motor with removable rotor without disturbing stator is one of the unique features. It makes this design more beneficial for electrical vehicle application. This arrangement offers good torque with low excitation current. In this paper, step-by-step design procedure of the proposed radial field C-core SRM is discussed. Parameters are calculated using computer-aided design. These parameters are justified with finite-element analysis and prototype model results.

A Study on the Synchronous Reluctance Motor Design for High Torque by Using RSM

Recently, electric power consumption has increased rapidly owing to the development of electric devices, and thus environmental problems such as global warming have come to the fore. Therefore, developed and developing countries are preparing various measures to prevent global warming. Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) are one of the representative measures. MEPS is an efficiency regulation for induction motors that limits the minimum efficiency with regard to the power of the induction motors, in order to save energy. Studies have been conducted on induction motors to improve the efficiency and to satisfy MEPS. However, It is very difficult to satisfy the efficiency of induction motor for MEPS. Therefore, synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) are actively being studied to replace induction motors. In this paper, a SynRM is designed using a Kw-map. Moreover, to improve the output characteristics, the rib thickness of the SynRM is optimized using the response surface method. Finally, the validity of the design method, proposed in this paper is verified with a real test using the prototype.

In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor Design for Electric Vehicles by Using a Pareto-Based Multiobjective Differential Evolution Algorithm

In this paper, an in-wheel switched reluctance motor (IW-SRM) is designed by using a Pareto-based multiobjective differential evolution algorithm (PMODEA) for electric vehicles (EVs). The performance of the IW-SRM varies by the dimension parameters of the motor. Estimation of optimum motor dimensions is a multiobjective optimization problem. In dimension optimization of the IW-SRM for direct-driven EVs, torque, torque per motor lamination volume, and efficiency are specified as objective functions. The PMODEA is proposed for the solution of the multiobjective optimization problem as designing IW-SRM, and nondominant optimum solution set consisting of motor dimensions is obtained. This study provides flexibility to the decision maker, in selection of desired one from the existing solution set. The analysis of the selected motor is realized by considering optimum dimensions via the finite-element method (FEM). Then, the IW-SRM is manufactured, and then, the experimental results are obtained for static and dynamic analysis. FEM analysis results are compared with the experimental results. Eventually, it is observed that the results are satisfactory.