Religious Views Research Articles

Filozoficzny zapis dramatu wojny w dziennikach Karola Ludwika Konińskiego

The article presents Karol Ludwik Koniński (1891–1943) as a chronicler of war events, describing the physical and moral effects of the war in his immediate surroundings, as well as referring to the war taking place in a broader sense. The aim is to show how the attitude of this thinker and publicist was shaped under the influence of these events. It is also about relating his reactions to current events and deep personal experiences related to them to the religious reflections and views he formulates on the pages of his diaries, pointing out that the tragic wartime everyday life was reflected in Koniński’s philosophical views on God, evil, and suffering. The analysis refers to parts of Koniński’s diaries entitled War and Notes.

Artificial Canon

Widespread concern over threats that pose an existential risk to the entire human species has provoked increasing attention and commitment to religious views of digital technology. These apocalyptic expectations of a glorious new digital world draw on American Christianity and play a visible role in tech culture and public life. The reshaping of traditional religions into new, but parallel, technological religions is characterized by a triple transformation of humanity into machines, machines into gods, and the universe into a cosmic and cosmically meaningful computer.

Does telemedicine hold the key for reproductive health care? A quantitative examination of women's intentions toward use and accurate information disclosure.

To investigate women's perceptions of telemedicine for reproductive health care services, focusing on how perceived benefits and privacy risks influence their intentions to adopt telemedicine and their willingness to disclose personal health information. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The study applied the privacy calculus theory to the context of telemedicine for reproductive health, using adapted, validated variables to develop the survey. Outcome variables included intentions to adopt telemedicine and willingness to disclose accurate personal health information. Data were collected in May and June 2023 using Qualtrics online panel services, targeting women across the United States who had not used telemedicine for reproductive health. The sample comprised 847 women aged 18 and older. Structural equation modeling was employed using AMOS v28.0 to test the hypothesized relationships between perceived benefits, perceived risks, and adoption intentions. The analysis controlled for age, household income, political affiliation, religious views, and prior births. Perceived benefits were positively related to intention to adopt telemedicine for reproductive care (β: 0.600, p < 0.001), and willingness to disclose accurate personal health information (β: 0.453, p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, perceived privacy risks were positively related to adoption intentions (β: 0.128, p < 0.001), but negatively related to willingness to disclose (β: -0.282, p < 0.001). Intentions to adopt were positively associated with willingness to disclose (β: 0.089, p < 0.05). Lastly, older women and women located in states with abortion restrictions expressed lower intentions to adopt. The model explained 40.2% of variance in intention to adopt and 38.3% of variance in willingness to disclose. The study demonstrates the importance of perceived benefits and privacy risks in driving telemedicine adoption and disclosure intentions among women in the reproductive health context. These findings suggest the need for targeted strategies to address privacy concerns and support telemedicine adoption, particularly in restrictive regulatory environments.

The French Debate over On the Jewish Question: From an Anachronistic Trial to the Crisis of Secularism

Abstract This article analyses the debate over an ‘antisemitic Marx’ in the French context. Since the republication of On the Jewish Question in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, the French intellectual field has seen continuous conflict between supporters of this ‘thesis’ (Mishari, Kaplan, Birnbaum) and their detractors, who are sometimes militant (J. Aron, Bensaïd) and sometimes academic (De Fontenay, Traverso), including those involved in the Grande édition Marx et Engels (Clochec). First, the article examines at length the French debate which spans over 50 years. Second, building on the insights garnered from this debate, it tackles the limits of materialist criticism of religious views. In light of the contemporary crisis of secularism in France, this problem forces Marxist and critical thinkers (Tosel, Meziane) to reassess the issue of religious minorities and their ‘assimilation’ to the ‘national majority’.

Answering Sraffa on Religion: Wittgenstein Walking the Tightrope

The subject of religion, one might think, although discussed in the Tractatus, is conspicuously absent from or in Wittgenstein’s later works, particularly in the Philosophical Investigations. Using Sraffa’s comments as a starting point, I tentatively deal with the absence of the subject by considering the question whether Wittgenstein’s religious views are compatible with his philosophies in the Tractatus and in the Philosophical Investigations. Answering this question involves examining Wittgenstein’s own central concern about his convictions in his later years, namely, to what extent one can honestly be a religious thinker nowadays. Presumably, his philosophy might not allow a “philosophy of religion”, if his own views on religion are not compatible with his philosophy. I tackle these issues beginning with Wittgenstein’s conversations with Ludwig Hänsel, then move to his later views and relevant passages in the Philosophical Investigations. With this in place, I uncover a religious moment that is not completely apparent in his later book, namely, an admission of errors that is a sort of confession.

“THE ETHICISATION OF RELIGION” IN THE RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF M. TAREEV

The subject of the research in the article is the reception of I. Kant’s practical philosophy in the ethical component of the religious and philosophical views of M. Tareev. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that there is a systemic influence of Kantian ethics and theology on the formation of M. Tareev’s religious and philosophical ideas, which manifested itself in borrowing the method and key concepts of practical philosophy, as well as the central concepts of I. Kant’s philosophy of religion. The research methodology is based on the systematic philosophical approach combined with the method of conceptual analysis of the sources of views and the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction. The novelty of the article lies in substantiating the central importance of the method and key concepts of I. Kant’s practical philosophy, such as the ideas of autonomy of the will, moral obligation and ethical community of people as sources of formation of M. Tareev’s own ideas.

The Dignity of Creation

In cognizance of the effect of the influence of a dualistic view, that has influenced a simultaneous oppression of both nature and women, this research article suggests a turning of the gaze to an African women eco-theology. It constructs a methodology from the theological reflections of a social Trinitarian understanding of God, as seen in Jürgen Moltmann’s works, and incorporates animism to it as a way of reconciling all creation in unity with God. It appraises a recognition of the hierarchical nature of dualism in western thought forms, which contributes to an intertwined oppression of nature. It critiques a transcendental apathetic God, in response to ecological crisis; and affirms the African religious view of animism as a way of retrieving nature, to an active voice. In view of this, it offers a shift from dualist view of creation to an interconnected sacredness in order to accord dignity to the creation. The significance of the article will be to shift the attitudes of African Christians, from a dualistic worldview, towards creation

Barriers and Facilitators Towards Deceased Organ Donation: A Qualitative Study Among Three Major Religious Groups in Chandigarh, and Chennai, India.

This study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators of the public toward deceased organ donation in Chandigarh, and Chennai, India, from three major religious groups, Hinduism, Islamism, and Christianity. Twenty-five focus groups were conducted (n = 87) stratified by study region, religion, sex, and age. Data were analysed using framework analysis. The results revealed that individuals were primarily willing to donate their organs. However, their religious views regarding death, after-life beliefs, funeral ritual practices, and lack of knowledge regarding their religion's position toward deceased organ donation created tension and ambiguity in the decision-making. However, younger age groups (18-30years) appeared more open and positive toward deceased organ donation. The conclusion demands a clear need for religious leaders and stakeholders to address theirreligion's stance, which creates tension and ambiguity in any uncertainties surrounding cultural and religious-based views among the Indian population.

The study of mental disorders in visually impaired people

The purpose of this review is to highlight the history of the study of mental characteristics in persons with eye pathology and visual impairment. In the period of the Ancient World and up to the XIV century, the knowledge of the human psyche passed through the prism of mystical and religious views on the essence of the human soul. The beginning of the application of the materialistic approach to the assessment of mental characteristics in the absence of vision can be considered the work of the French writer, philosopher and educator Denis Diderot. In his "Letters" he drew attention to the need to educate the blind, which became the impetus for the activities of future specialists. In the middle of the XIX century, active work began in the field of research on the psyche of the blind. The introspective description served as the basis for the beginning of the experimental study. There is a spontaneous release of typhlopsychology, which formed the theoretical basis for the further development of science. During the 20th century, a large amount of experimental data has been accumulated in the field of studying the psyche of the blind. Modern multicenter studies of the psychological characteristics of ophthalmic patients indicate a wide prevalence of mental disorders. Scientists are currently paying close attention to specific ophthalmological nosologies and their relationship with certain mental disorders. Research is being conducted to study potential ophthalmological markers for the development of mental disorders and to find ways to diagnose them instrumentally. Despite the long and difficult path of studying the characteristics of the psyche in visually impaired people, there is still a vast field for further research. Based on past knowledge, future developments will allow us to more accurately determine the relationship between eye pathology and mental disorders.

How Migrants Experience Information Uncertainty and Vulnerability: Lessons for (Dis)information Studies

This article develops a phenomenological approach to examine the intersection of global migration and rising concerns about disinformation. Drawing on interviews with Venezuelans en route to the United States-Mexico border through Central America, the article analyzes how undocumented migrants live amid information precarity, how they relate to disinformation, and how disinformation affects their decisions. We demonstrate the centrality of information and communication practices in managing (dis)information during the migration experience. This includes distrusting traditional media, using various platforms like social media and messaging apps, and exchanging both information and disinformation with others. By adopting a phenomenological approach, the article demonstrates that migrants’ relationship with (dis)information is shaped by their conviction that each person has unique life experiences and a profoundly religious view of life and destiny. The article thus advocates for a deeper exploration of migrants’ sociocultural beliefs rather than focusing solely on issues such as information accuracy, accessibility, flows, and platforms when accounting for disinformation. In addition to valuable lessons for (dis)information studies, this approach could enrich communication interventions tailored to migrant communities in vulnerable conditions.

Social Interaction in Building Religious Tolerance in Sukabumi City Society

This study aims to determine the understanding of society, social interaction in building religious tolerance and the role of religious institutions in maintaining religious tolerance in the community of Sukabumi. This form of study is qualitative and based on fieldwork using three methods including phenomenological method, sociological method, and historical method. The results of this study found that: first, the understanding of the people of Sukabumi about tolerance reflects an attitude of respect and acceptance of religious diversity, culture, and views. They actively interact with diverse backgrounds, respect human rights, and encourage interfaith and cultural participation in community activities. This understanding creates an inclusive, harmonious, and peaceful coexistence environment, which makes Sukabumi an inspiring example in building a tolerant society. Social interaction between citizens of different religions and effective social communication have established a social contract that respects and respects religious rights. Sukabumi's achievement as the 6th tolerant city in Indonesia shows the commitment of the government and society in promoting the values of tolerance. Positive factors, such as government policies, inclusive education programs, and public awareness, contributed to this achievement. Through the iceberg models approach, researchers can understand how social interaction fosters harmony and awareness of religious diversity. Understanding and respect for religious diversity is the hallmark of Sukabumi that must be strengthened in order to be an example of harmony for a diverse Indonesia.

The Impact of Religion on Insurance Purchasing Behavior: A Dual Perspective with Economic Factors

Rising income levels and increased consumer awareness have led to a more positive attitude towards insurance, resulting in market expansion and heightened competition. However, businesses must consider factors that could negatively impact insurance demand. One significant factor identified in this study is religion. While some religious texts and teachings advocate for collective mutual assistance, certain religious beliefs view insurance negatively for various reasons. Consequently, this research seeks to explore two critical questions: “How do religious beliefs influence the insurance demands and purchasing behaviors of individuals and societies?” and “What are the potential impacts of economic indices on insurance policy purchases?” Answering these questions requires navigating a complex interplay of economic and cultural factors. To address these objectives, the study utilized data such as per capita insurance expenditures, 66 market totals, and national insurance market shares. The analysis also considered the percentage of the total population covered by national health services, as this coverage might reduce the likelihood of acquiring insurance policies. Statistical analyses were employed to assess the influence of religious beliefs on insurance purchasing behavior and to evaluate the effects of economic indices on insurance policy purchases. The research results revealed that individuals who did not adhere to any specific religious doctrine exhibited the highest rate of insurance purchases. Additionally, the influence of economic indices on insurance purchasing behaviors produced significant and undeniable results. In conclusion, this study highlights the considerable impact of religious beliefs on insurance policy purchasing behavior. The findings contribute valuable insights to the existing literature and offer a contemporary perspective for future research in this field.

Broken and Disorienting: An Exploration of Religious Views under Toynbee's Concept of Civilization

Toynbee, a famous British historical philosopher, emphasized the importance of the religious view in historical development in A Study of History and attempted to solve the contradictions facing the development of modern Western society through the concept of religious redemption. However, Toynbee's concept of religious redemption is not a perfect solution. The concept of religious redemption is the ideological product of modern Western society in the process of industrialization and modernization. Its religious background is closely related to Western history, aiming to free human beings from the shackles of egocentrism and cultivate universal love so as to enter the world of great harmony. Toynbee's idealized pursuit of the spiritual level also made him ignore the diversity of “love” generated by different freedom ideals, and he was caught in a dilemma of advancing human civilization towards self-determination through universal love. Human beings must achieve the realm of fraternity by promoting the comprehensive development of individuals and then uniting all mankind. Through an in-depth analysis of Toynbee's religious concept, this paper reveals the significance and limitations of the concept of religious redemption in the development of human civilization and discusses its enlightenment to the development of modern social civilization.

Theological reflection of the perception of the person of Jesus Christ in the light of the historical development of christological models

The person of Jesus Christ has remained a religious phenomenon for many centuries of mankind. The appearance of Jesus Christ in the history of mankind two thousand years ago and his special religious activities remain a relevant issue today. Traditionally, the relationship to the person of Jesus Christ is divided into two positions: those who believe and recognize His divine origin and those who do not believe and try to deny the Divinity of Jesus. From the point of view of fundamental theology and religious studies, the study of those two antinomian positions, in particular their debatable interrelationship, the permanence and deepening of the religious views of the believing side and the relativity and modification of the views about Jesus of the non-believing side, is an incompletely resolved scientific question. As a result, during many epochs of the development of human thought, we received two planes of Christological models: the plane of additions and deepening of faith in Jesus Christ and the plane of oppositions and denials of this faith. This study focuses precisely on this second plane: highlighting the opposing positions of faith and unbelief in Jesus Christ.

Christian perspectives on the regulation of posthumous medical data donation (PMDD): An empirical study

This article sets out the results of an empirical study exploring the intersection of religious views and perspectives and the regulation of post-mortem data donation (PMDD), particularly focusing on issues of consent and individual control. Through semi-structured interviews with practicing members of the Christian clergy of the United Kingdom, the study investigated the ethical and practical implications of integrating religious viewpoints into secular debates on data protection and privacy, using PMDD as a use case. The findings revealed a consensus among participants that religious perspectives, including Christian perspectives, can enhance the ethical robustness of PMDD regulatory frameworks by promoting values such as dignity, autonomy, and respect for individual preferences. However, the study also identified a possible gap in the systematic consideration of these views within existing regulatory practices pertaining to data protection and privacy. Pursuant to these findings, the article argues for the adoption of an "opt-out" consent mechanism, which balances public health benefits with individual rights, as a pragmatic approach to PMDD regulation. Additionally, the article highlights the potential for religious insights to enrich policy dialogues, ensuring that legal rules relating to data protection and information governance resonate with a broader array of societal values.

Дионисийские мотивы в лирических сочинениях Фридриха Гёльдерлина

The article is devoted to the Dionysian motifs in the Friedrich Hölderlin’s lyrical works. It considers the role of historical context in development of poet’s philosophical and aesthetic ideas and reveals the specificity of the ancient topos in Hölderlin’s works which reflects his religious and pantheistic views. The Dionysian motifs in Hölderlin’s poems are connected with the idea of death. All forms of life tend towards death and decline of existence under the influence of the sense of primordial unity and religious ecstasy. The end of earthly life, according to Hölderlin, marks the beginning of a true life in eternity.

Dynamics of Moderation of Religious Islamic Organizations in Indonesia

The strengthening of intolerance and religious movements of various mass organisations after the 1998 reform in Indonesia caused social friction. The Ministry of Religious offers religious moderation as an essential aspect of the plurality of spiritual life. What is the concept and practice of religious moderation for each mass organisation? This research is qualitatively descriptive, with a sociological approach to religion. The concept of religious moderation of mass organisastions is different; they claim to understand the principle of wasathiyyah so that it becomes a view of life that accepts religious differences outside themselves. Religious moderation is in the form of religious views, attitudes, and behaviours that balance the interests of life, the world and the hereafter, personal with the public, and others. There are four indicators of religious moderation: nationalism, tolerance, non-violence, and local cultural accommodation. MTA understands religious moderation based on two principles: not being self-righteous, and do not blame other groups; FPI departs from its vision, religious moderation over the spirit of ‘amar ma’ruf nahi munkar; LUIS sees religious moderation based on the principles of Islam as a religion of rahmatan lil’alamin, the implications for the balance of the relationship between habl min Allah; habl min an-nass and habl min al-’alam; and MMI understands religious moderation based on three aspects: Islam is a religion that is syumul and rahmatan li’alamin; religious moderation related to sharia enforcement; and religious moderation means that fulfillment of maqashid asy-syariah includes ushul al-khamsah: hifdz al-din, hifdz an-nafs, hifdz al-mal, hifdz al-’aql, and hifdz an-nasb.

Coping with modesty during radiotherapy for breast cancer: a multicentric study.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed tumour, representing nearly 30% of all new cases in women. Radiotherapy (RT) plays a crucial role in the management of breast cancer. The objective of this study is to assess modesty in patients undergoing RT for breast cancer and take their suggestions and ideas into consideration to enhance the quality of treatment in this regard. The study enrolled 555 breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant RT in three Italian centres. Patients completed a self-test questionnaire assessing their comfort level concerning modesty during therapy and their relationship with strangers and healthcare professionals. The impact of religious views and potential changes in sexuality were also examined. Results showed that modesty was a common concern across the overall cohort of patients, with discomfort in being undressed during RT correlating with discomfort experienced in other daily life situations. Most patients felt more at ease with same sex healthcare workers. Age was also a major factor with younger patients generally feeling more comfortable with healthcare workers of the same age group. Interestingly, the surgical technique used (mastectomy vs. quadrantectomy) did not significantly influence modesty perceptions. Patients provided valuable suggestions to improve privacy and modesty during RT. This study demonstrates that modesty is an important issue for women undergoing RT, which can be influenced by personal characteristics and hospital-related factors. A reflection about the need to address modesty concerns and to incorporate dedicated interventions for protecting patients' physical and emotional well-being is warranted. Initiatives to improve communication, involvement, and body image support should also be integrated into the care path of patients to better their overall therapeutic experience. This study paves the way for broader research and interventions in daily cancer care.

Respon Mahasiswa dan Generasi Z Tentang Pernikahan Beda Agama

The aim of this research is to understand the views of students and Generation Z regarding interfaith marriages, as well as to highlight the problems that arise in connection with this. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative approach, which focuses on the correlation between factors related to interfaith marriages. This method uses data obtained from surveys or experiments, with a population of 300 people, using a quota sample method or random sampling. In general, the results of research related to interfaith marriages show that the majority of respondents have an understanding of the regulations for interfaith marriages and the potential for conflict in the household due to differences in religious views between partners. However, the majority of ulama in Indonesia prohibit interfaith marriages absolutely based on the teachings of the Islamic religion and the laws in force in Indonesia. Therefore, even though interfaith marriages are recognized as a human right, it is important for couples who want to marry partners from different religions to pay attention to applicable legal regulations and procedure.

От «Пути жизни» к «Своду мыслей»: проблемы реконструкции философского мировоззрения Л. Н. Толстого

The article discusses the history of the creation of the "Code of Thought of Leo Tolstoy", which reflects the writer's system of views and reconstructs the religious and philosophical foundations of his work. This literary and philosophical monument began to be created during Tolstoy's lifetime and with his participation, the process of collecting and systematizing the thoughts of the classic took several decades. The Code presents various aspects of the writer's religious, philosophical, moral, and aesthetic views. The sources of the Code are Tolstoy's artistic, philosophical and journalistic works. The study of the stages of the evolution of the thinker's worldview shows a clear tendency to create metatexts that reflect all the facets of his religious and philosophical teaching. However, the "Code of Thoughts" was never published, despite the efforts of Tolstoy's closest disciples and followers. The authors of the article trace the influence of the structure of the writer's last collection of thoughts "The Way of Life" on the overall content composition of the "Code of Thoughts", showing that it was it that was taken as the basis for the formation of the text setting forth the main features of Tolstoy's worldview. With the help of archival sources introduced into scientific circulation (documents from the funds of V.G. Chertkov, N.N. Gusev and others), the authors made an attempt to clarify the features of the work on this monument, to show the influence of the socio-cultural, political context, life circumstances that prevented the publication of "The Code of Thoughts of L.N. Tolstoy", which was supposed to become a bright page in Russian philosophical thought. "The Way of Life" was a guideline for the creators of the "Code of Thoughts", which was a way of religious and philosophical conceptualization of the writer's heritage, the key foundations of his consideration of man, spiritual life, social and cultural changes. The work shows the importance of this work, which has not yet been published, for understanding the history of Russian culture, for the interpretation of topical problems of modern Tolstoy studies. The methods found for reconstructing the worldview architectonics of the "Code of Thoughts" can be the basis for continuing its study and further work on preparing for publication a monument that resurrects the work and aspirations of both the writer himself and his like-minded people.