Religious Obligation Research Articles

MOTIVATION FOR PURCHASING HALAL PRODUCTS: THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOSITY, TRUST, AND SATISFACTION

Purpose of the study: This study examines the influence of religiosity on the intention to purchase halal products through satisfaction and trust.
 Methodology: The study was conducted through a survey method by distributing questionnaires to respondents using random sampling techniques. Respondents obtained totaled 295 from various backgrounds, gender, age, education, employment, and income. Data analysis was carried out through the SEM-PLS approach, and the tool used was WarpPLS.
 Main Findings: The study results show that religiosity, trust, and satisfaction significantly influence the decision to purchase halal products.
 Applications of this study: This paper will be useful for the manager of the halal product who prefers the factor that influences the usage dimension of human behaviour. The manager of halal product providers in the area of the halal industry will be able to improve the effectiveness of their implementation strategies on the halal industry. This finding can be made by increasing religious attributes that emphasize the importance of halal products as part of religious obligations. Besides, managers of the halal product must ensure that the products they sell meet the halal standards of official organizations. Products that meet halal standards must be guaranteed that they are labeled halal so that consumers are confident in the halal status of the products purchased even in the majority of Muslim countries.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This research links religiosity, trust, satisfaction, and interest in buying halal products. The study was limited to conducting in Indonesia, the country with the largest number of Muslims worldwide.

Social sanctions of leisure and tourism constraints in Nepal

This study deals with the role of social sanctions in exploring the leisure-tourism engagement in Nepal. It then examines how people respond to societal norms and partake in leisure tourism vacations. The study applies the qualitative method and data is collected through in-depth interviews of purposely selected samples of 18 individuals in Kathmandu. The findings identify that the Nepali conception of leisure is subject to a degree of negative social sanctions, which people negotiate through their religious values and obligations. The paper establishes the centrality of social sanctions on leisure in understanding the incentives for tourism in a non-western society.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN OBLIGATIONS (AN ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW)

This article will try to see how the correlation between Human Rights Obligations and Human Rights when viewed in the perspective of Islamic Criminal Law. The theme of Human Rights Obligations, by scientists and the world community, is not an issue that is considered as important as the issue of Human Rights. Even though the Human Rights Obligation is an important point of whether human rights are upright or not. The description of the relationship is in the concept of Islamic criminal law as summarized in al-Daruriyyat al-khamzah (religious preservation obligations, life obligations, obligations to preserve reason, obligations to preserve offspring and obligations to preserve property.

Child Sexual Abuse in Pakistan: From Tears Shed to Lives Lost

Child Sexual abuse refers to sexual contact between a child and an adult or adolescent or use of a child for sexual purpose. In recent years many cases of child sexual abuse have been reported in Pakistan is an Islamic state where the lives and rights of every individual including child are protected by state through the Constitution, domestic legislations, and obligations under International Human Rights Conventions. The state is trying its utmost to remove the menace of child abuse, but still the issue is prevailing due to many social, psychological, and cultural reasons. Culprits have various reasons, from mental illness to illiteracy behind this practice. Parents are much busy in their day-to-day affairs that they have failed to give proper time and training to children so that they could address this issue in way that is more effective. This study examines reasons behind child sexual abuse in Pakistan along with the state’s effort to overcome this evil. The findings shows that all social, religious, and legal obligations must be followed to eradicate this menace before this slogan will be chanted in every street “Jab sanbhal nae sktaytupaida q krtay o”.

Innovative psychological first aid (PFA) in the new normal for frontliners.

Psychological first aid (PFA) is utilized in the direct aftermath of crisis events. As the world grappled with Covid-19, PFA was provided for staff members in Hospital Sultan Ismail. In adherence to the New Normal, innovative approaches had to be taken. We engaged clients through virtual communication methods. PFA Solat was organized to assist Muslim staff fulfil religious obligations while being on the frontlines. PFA may be useful in helping frontline staff manage stress associated with the increased workload and general anxiety relating to the pandemic. It is recommended all staff members, especially those involved in frontline duty, to be provided PFA.

Zakat Regulation as a Reduction of Income Tax in Indonesia

Zakat is one part of the rules of social security in Islam, in a deeper and broader scope, which includes aspects of material and spiritual life. Zakat is also a financial, economic, social, political, moral and religious system at the same time. Zakat as a financial and economic system, because it is a specified property tax. Zakat is a financial source of baitul mall in Islam that is continuous. Zakat as a social system, because it functions to save people from various weaknesses, overcome various disasters and accidents, provide humanitarian assistance, who are helping those who do not have, the strong help the weak. Zakat and tax are the material obligations of a citizen of his country and are a source of state income used to finance state expenses and needs. the position of zakat cannot be replaced by taxation. the problem in Indonesia where the majority of the population is Muslim, in addition to being obligatory zakat they are also burdened with various taxes, so that a middle way can be taken,namely reducing the amount of tax by the amount of zakat that has been paid. Thus a taxpayer can still pay obligations as citizens and continue to fulfill their religious obligations.

The Possibility or Impossibility of Islamization of Knowledge in a Neoliberal Market Order

This paper argues that the project of the Islamization of Knowledge (IoK) has overlooked the role of a neoliberal politicoeconomic order in the knowledge production along with the relation between knowledge and the market established by economic liberalization. So the resulting discourse perhaps inadequately explains the incapacity of contemporary application of Islamic economics and finance to provide a viable alternative to western economic systems, let alone solve socioeconomic problems in Muslim countries. This paper will attempt to cover this inadequacy by explaining the relation between mind, knowledge and market as theorized by Hayek, along with Foucault’s perspective power-knowledge nexus. The Hayek’s and Foucault’s perspective on the relation between state, market, mind and knowledge creates an interesting challenge for IoK because it is not only the issue of reconciliation of the spheres of knowledge, rather free unhampered flow of market is also presumably necessary for the growth of human mind and consequently human knowledge as argued by Hayek and Foucault. The neoliberal-state allows free unhampered flow of the market, subsequently creating knowledge in pursuit of continuous capital accumulation. Production of knowledge, therefore, becomes a mechanism to maintain the hegemony of the neoliberal-state and market, while establishing authority of capital on ontological position of man and society. In this context any intervention in the process of IoK under religious obligation is not just an epistemological, rather a moral impossibility within capitalist discourse. The relationship between the neoliberal-state, market and production of knowledge will enable the scholars of Islamic economics and finance to reassess their strategies pertaining to IoK.

The Historical Account Of ʿabd Al-Jabbār Al-Hamadani’s Physicalist Conception Of Human Soul

This study aims to go through Muʿtazilite understandings of a man briefly and expounds on Qadi ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Hamadani’s (d. 1025) strong rejection of any non-physicalist view of man and his soul. Amongst the Mu'tazilite school prevailed three distinct views on man, hence of the soul; the non-physicalist tradition represented by Ibrāhīm b. Sayyār an-Naẓẓām (d. 836) who claimed that man is the dwelling soul in the human corpse. The dualist view as advocated by Muʿammar b. ʿAbbād (d. 830) who understood man as a combination of the material body and immaterial soul. The third view is the so-called materialist stance on the human being. Qadi ʿAbd al-Jabbār as one of the advocates of this view argues that man does not possess any immaterial or immortal soul. This paper proposes that such a peculiar view of man was the natural outcome of ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s cosmological setting and his sensitivity towards legal matters (talkif). ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s image of man does not need other; a soul, to make him will or capable of certain actions, for man is this corporeal body which could be seen in its actuality, and experienced in its totality. Therefore, he defines man (šaẖs) as a living being (ḥayy), having volition (murid), capable of acting voluntarily (qādir) and consequently entitles him with the responsibility for moral and religious obligations (al-mukallaf). It could be widely observed that Qadi, though admits the presence of soul in the body for its being alive, does not consider it to be living in itself or eternal. The soul, however, is the contingent breath, by which lightweight bodies (air) are inhaled and exhaled. It is an integral part of a living human being such as his flesh, blood or body structures.

Opposing Laws with Religious Reasons

Opposing Laws with Religious Reasons

Islamic Perspective Regarding the Promotion of Health and Participation in Sports Activities

Sound health is considered a prerequisite for performing any action, whether it is participation in sports or performing any other activity of life. From the perspective of Islam, health and fitness are imperative for the appropriate performance of various religious obligations. Sports and other physical activities are considered very effective means to achieve good health. In this paper, the researchers analyzed diverse Islamic standards and rules with reference to participation in games. Moreover, researchers also analyzed the preservation and maintenance of health in the light of the teachings of Islam. After a brief discussion, it was concluded that the Islamic approach is very clear and Islam endorses the upkeep and maintenance of health, fitness and physical power. It was also concluded that sports and other physical activities of today are variations of such activities performed in the past. The study also claims that Islam promotes involvement in leisure sports and other physical activities carried out to strengthen the body and to retain fitness, while observing Islamic teachings, formulated rules and regulations. It can be inferred that the Holy Prophet (SAW) not only took part in different games but also convinced and encouraged his disciples to take part in sporting activities.

Understanding halal food market: Resolving asymmetric information

People consume food not only to satisfy hunger but also for cultural, religious and social reasons. In Islam there is an emphasis on cleanliness in both spirit and food (Agriculture and Agri-food Canada 2011). Eating is perceived to be a form of worship (Talib et al., 2015). Halal is Islamic dietary law derived from the Quran and Hadith, the practices of the Prophet Mohammad, Ijma and Qiyas (Regenstein et al., 2003). Halal goes beyond religious obligation. It is part of the Islamic way of life which includes not only dietary requirements but also behaviour, speech, dress, and conduct (Talib et al., 2015a). Furthermore, observing the tenets of halal can guarantee food safety and serve as a business model for the Canadian export market. The benefits of halal notwithstanding, a lack of trust in the market can jeopardize the food’s perceived authenticity and provide traceability challenges. This especially affects Somali, Syrian, Pakistani and Afghani Canadians who prefer halal meat’s taste and require it for cultural and religious reasons. New policies are therefore a prerequisite to strengthening the halal food value chain thereby reducing asymmetric halal information.

Ideologi Penggunaan Ketupat Krosok dalam Upacara Yadnya Umat Hindu (Studi Di Desa Bengkel Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Tabanan)

Ketupat has an important function and meaning for the life of the Hindu community, especially in Bengkel Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency both in social and ritual aspects. The connotation of the diamond for the community for the means of the ceremony is the matting of coconut leaves which is filled with rice and then boiled until cooked like rice. But Bengkel Village, Kediri Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency also uses krosok ketupat for its yadnya ceremony, which is ketupat which contains half-cooked and dry rice. This research uses a qualitative approach, which is sourced from primary and secondary data. Collected with techniques: observation, interview, and document study. The use of krosok ketupat for the community in Bengkel Village, Kediri Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency is based on the existence of ideology as the principle of understanding the modernity of the community which is implemented through applying but not deviating from the teachings of Hinduism. The reason why the ketupat ketupat was used in the Yadnya ceremony was because of practical and economic considerations, buying cheaper than the process of making it, and was easily available at any time. The religious implications of using ketupat krosok for the people of Bengkel Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency, that the community's confidence in carrying out the ceremony of Yadnya did not recede and instead became more enthusiastic. The economic implication is that people who carry out their yad ceremonies are economically able to carry out their obligations to work with income that is more profitable than setting aside special time to make a diamond by leaving time to work. While the ideological implications, that the Bengkel Village community, Kediri Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency, in the era of globalization in carrying out religious ceremonial obligations show the existence of a simplicative idea of ​​the use of diamonds. The use of ketupat in some forms of banten is simplified to become ketapap krosok, especially in banten when it is finished not to be diluted / thrown.

The South Asian Health Foundation (UK) guidelines for managing diabetes during Ramadan

BackgroundFasting in the holy month of Ramadan is among the five pillars of Islam and is considered as a religious obligation by the Muslim population. People with diabetes observing the practice of fasts are at a higher risk of complications such as hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis due to changes in eating patterns and circadian rhythms. With the objective of mitigating these complications, the South Asian Health Foundation (UK) has developed the present guidelines based on robust evidence derived from epidemiological studies and clinical trials. MethodsWe have highlighted the role of pre-Ramadan risk stratification and counselling by healthcare professionals with emphasis on the need for advice on adequate dietary and fluid intake, blood glucose monitoring and awareness of when to break the fast. ResultsWe reviewed the current literature and have given clinically-relevant recommendations on lifestyle modifications and glucose-lowering therapies such as metformin, sulphonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin. ConclusionsAn individualised patient-centric treatment plan is essential to not only achieve optimal glycaemic outcomes but also enable people with diabetes to observe a risk-free month of fasting during Ramadan.

Social obligations: theoretical and legal aspects

The article is devoted to the study of the nature of social obligation, its genesis and variants. It has been established that historically social obligations have arisen with the emergence of the beginnings of morality in human society and the awareness of human responsibility towards one another within their community. In the future, with the development of humanity and the diversity of social interactions, the institute of obligation was modified to take on new features. Thus, if in the early periods of existence of human society, it was impossible to speak about their belonging to the legal field, given the absence of any, at least minimal, fixation of this category at the normative level, then the development of law and legislation led to the emergence of legally binding obligations. It has been researched that social obligation means a socially recognized need for a certain behavior of a person, a kind of proper or useful, which is objectively conditioned by the needs of existence and development of other persons, social groups, nations, humanity.
 The article also analyzes that, depending on the particular nature of the emergence of specific social obligations, the characteristics of the subject that establishes them, and defines the guarantees of its implementation, distinguish varieties of social obligation. Allocated moral obligations, religious obligations, corporate, professional, legal and other obligations. Moreover, the author considers it inappropriate to completely differentiate between these phenomena, since all of them, as embodiments of certain socially necessary behavior, are interconnected and can be considered as a logical continuation of each other.
 In addition, it is emphasized that the substantive characteristic of a legal obligation as a special type of social obligation is a "legal necessity". The latter, on the one hand, indicates that the obligation exists and develops within the limits of the lawful and statutory conduct required by law. On the other hand, it expresses the content of the obligation and its inherent behavior. The "need" to disclose the obligation plays the same role that the "opportunity" plays in the concept of the rights and freedoms of the individual.

SUBDERMAL ETONOGESTREL: THE EFFECTS ON MENSES, GENERAL HEALTH, RELIGIOUS OBLIGATIONS AND SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of subdermal etonogestrel implant on menstrual pattern, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), sexual relationship and religious obligations. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at a family planning clinic between 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2011 whereby all the women who had their subdermal etonogestrel removed during this period were included. A selfprepared questionnaire was filled up with the help of a research assistant, which looked into the menstrual cycles prior to and during the implant usage, the non-menstrual adverse events, effect of menses on religious obligations and sexual relationship and the overall acceptability of subdermal etonogestrel as a contraceptive method. Blood pressure (BP) and BMI were recorded at the time of removal, while BP and BMI at insertion were gathered from the case file. Result: 50 patients were recruited in this study. The mean duration of use was 33.8 months (±10.4) and 78% had completed 3 years. The prevalence of menstrual disturbance whilst on subdermal etonogestrel implant was 78%. The mean differences of SBP, DBP and BMI at removal and prior to usage were statistically significant. There was no association between BMI and menstrual pattern whilst on implant. Practicing religious obligations and sexual activity were affected in 14.0% and 18.0% respectively. Overall satisfaction of subdermal implant was 92%. Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of menstrual disturbance, subdermal etonogestrel is well accepted. Changes in the mean of SBP, DBP and BMI were not clinically significant, but a significant proportion of the studied women had a significant increase in SBP, DBP and BMI. The performing of religious duty and sexual activity seem to be unaffected.

Influence of Nigerian Local Languages on Arabic Education: A Linguistic Approach/ أثر اللغات المحلّيّة النيجيريّة في التعليم العربي: مدخل لغويّ

The history of Arabic education in Nigeria is connected to the emergence of Islam which was embraced by Nigerians through the Arab traders. Nigeria as nation, has more than 400 indigenous local languages out of which the most common of the local languages are Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo. Other major languages are Fulfulde, Kanuri, Ibibio, Tiv, Efik and Nupe while English is considered as the country’s official language. As Muslims, it is necessary to acquire Arabic education in order to perform religious obligations such as the five time daily prayer and other basic Arabic knowledge for the in-depth understanding of Islam. It is however pertinent to note at this juncture that Arabic language, in an environment where local languages are predominantly spoken is established in the educational system. The researchers therefore aimed at investigating and examining the influence of the Nigerian local languages on Arabic education using a linguistic approach. Two local languages; Hausa and Yoruba were purposively selected among other local languages for the study, while findings and recommendations were made at the end of this work.

KONSEP TRI UGERING NGAURIP MANGKUNEGARA IV SEBAGAI MOTIVASI PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN: PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

ABSTRACTTri Ugering Ngaurip is a teaching developed by K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunegara IV, the king of the Kraton Mangkunegaran - Surakarta, in his work called Serat Wedhatama which contains three handles of life that must be owned by Javanese society. With these three concepts, the community will have a motivating guide in developing skills and achieving life direction based on Islamic perspectives that tend to be tassawuf.Tri ugering Ngaurip concept is interesting to be discussed because it reveals financial independence, guarding honor, and trying to gain intelligence. These three things are stated to be the handle of Javanese people's life which includes arta (wealth or economy), wirya (glory), and winasis (intelligence). In the realm of education development, it should be directed towards achieving these three categories. This concept is actually a description of the Javanese philosophical expression of "work" by choosing the term "pangupa soul pangupa" (looking for food for the soul).Wirya means honor, nobility, and dignity possessed by someone in his community. This concept also includes moral and ethics that must be possessed by someone in the process of social interaction. Arta or economy plays a role in people's lives. While Winasis is directed at the conception of multidimensional intelligence, namely emotional, intellectual, and spiritual.The achievement of tri ugering ngaurip is a motivation that underlies Javanese society to cultivate a livelihood, including the world of entrepreneurship. Practicing tri ugering ngaurip in life is actually the practice of trying to carry out religious obligations to earn a living. Therefore, the implementation of Islamic education should be� insighted tri ugering urip , both as a motivation in developing entrepreneurship and in a more practical realm. This is actually an obligation that has been included from the beginning to Muslims.�Keyword(s): serat wulang, arta, wirya, winasis

A Conceptual paper on Re-Patronage Model for Syariah Compliance E-lodging Industry: The Mediating Effect of Artificial Intelligence

The study is about the online re-patronage intentions on Syariah compliance e-lodging industry among international and local Muslim tourists to Malaysia. With the development rally of Islamic hospitality in Malaysia, there are possibilities for hotel managers to comply with Islamic Hotel concept based on demand from the Muslim travellers. Although there is an increasing number of Syariah friendly hotels in Malaysia where there are 744 halal certifications were issued to hotels and resorts, the number of hotels and e-BnB which are fully Syariah compliance is small. Hotels must use the right Islamic themes, Islamic ambiances and Islamic architecture to make the travellers feel comfortable to perform their religious obligations to create value, image and brand for the hotel. Thus, this study intends to investigate the predictors of online re-patronage intention of Muslims tourists to Syariah compliance e-lodging industry in Malaysia. The wave of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the business landscape is seen to combat human errors and increase customer satisfaction through their effectiveness and the ability to cater human needs. Thus, this study also intends to capture the AI adoption in the hotel industry and Syariah compliance hotel specifically. The research methods used are qualitative and quantitative research design. The sampling technique is to collect data from 700 (local and international) tourists who are intended to stay at them prefer Syariah compliant hotels. The data were collected using self-administered survey (intercept hotels and airports) and were analysed using structural equation modelling (SMART PLS 3.0) The expected finding is a new model for Syariah compliance hotel repatronage intention, Syariah compliance policy in hotel industry, new attributes for the development of AI in line with IR 4.0., new Syariah compliance attributes for Malaysian hotel.

Zakah compliance behavior among entrepreneurs: economic factors approach

PurposeAs one of the constituted main pillars of Islam, Zakah compliance (ZC) is mandated upon Muslims from all studies of life. Taking the disappointingly low compliance level in developing countries, including Yemen, as its backdrop, the purpose of this study is to investigate ZC behavior among entrepreneurs, drawing on the economic approach perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a cross-sectional design based on a survey of entrepreneurs in Yemen. It used primary data collected via self-administered questionnaires, involving a sample of 500 participants. A variance-based structural modeling equation-partial least squares were used to measure the instruments and assess the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe findings affirmed the suitability of the economic factors approaches in the context of ZC in a developing country. Specifically, the study demonstrated that Zakah law complexity has a significant negative influence on ZC of entrepreneurs. It also found a significant positive relationship between religiosity and ZC among the study sample, whereas the study revealed that law enforcement has no influence on compliance behavior.Practical implicationsPolicies and programs focused on Zakah laws and regulations could be formulated to make them less complex and simpler for acceptable levels of ZC. The result is further relevant to policymakers in Muslim communities to strengthen the religious faith of Zakah payers toward compliance with one of the fundamental religious obligations such as Zakah.Originality/valueThis study enriches the limited previous studies on actual ZC from the perspective of developing communities, especially Yemen. Most importantly, the value was added to the limited literature internationally from an economic aspect.

Religious Welfare Organizations, Citizenship, and the State in Lebanon

AbstractReligious welfare organizations (RWOs) are considered the leading providers of services in Lebanon, with annual budgets exceeding those of state service ministries. While the religious nature of Lebanese society contributes to one part of the story, other political factors have led to these organizations’ emergence: political motivations heavily influence RWOs’ development. Thus, the conceptual framework that analyzes RWOs as providing services solely based on religious obligations does not provide a full analysis of their dynamics and importance. Based on interviews conducted in the field, this paper argues that the historical composition of the state, the state’s paralysis during the civil war, and its present weakness have led to the growth of these organizations. Also, the locally-adapted and decentralized structure of RWOs has contributed to their development into organizations that have grown more powerful than the state.