Relief Effects Research Articles

Experimental Analysis of Pressure Relief Effect of Surrounding Rock in High-Stress Roadways under Different Drilling Parameters

Drilling to relieve pressure is a simple and efficient solution to prevent impact ground pressure for the engineering problem of the high risk of impact on the surrounding rock of high stress roads, and choosing suitable drilling parameters is the key to it. The unloading law of borehole diameter, depth, and spacing was investigated using a combination of indoor tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. The characteristics of crack extension and plastic zone changes of the three were analyzed, and the relationship between boreholes and elastic strain energy was derived by developing a hole mechanics model. The findings indicate that as drilling radius and depth are increased, peak strength and the elastic strain energy stored in front of the peak decrease, the plastic zone around the hole and the main control crack on the surface of the block expand more obviously, and the vertical stress at the top and bottom of the hole decrease, and the peak stress increases with the depth of the hole. The plastic zone surrounding the hole is attached to one another more easily the closer the drilling spacing is. The test block is changed from independent damage to penetrating damage when the drilling spacing is less than or equal to 3.286 cm. However, the pressure release effect does not necessarily improve with narrower drilling spacing. The plastic zone radius and the elastic strain energy held in the rock body are linked to each other linearly and quadratically, respectively, by the drilling radius. The joint pressure relief of several holes should be prioritized when drilling pressure is relieved, and then the hole’s diameter should be increased, and, finally, the hole’s depth should be increased. A reference for engineering applications is provided by this.

Personality traits and mental distress after COVID-19 testing. Prospective long-term analysis in a Viennese cohort.

Symptoms of mental stress are a hallmark of the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that just testing for COVID-19 could act as an effective stressor for persisting symptoms of mental distress including posttraumatic stress disorder. Our study aimed to determine whether personal beliefs on individual control and competence (locus of control, LoC) correlate with symptoms of mental distress and positive screening for post-traumatic stress disorder during a 9-month observational period. Between March and December 2021, we applied online versions of the Questionnaire on Competence and Control Expectations (FKK), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Score (DASS), the Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and a medical history questionnaire for COVID-19 symptoms (visit 1). 48 hours after negative COVID-19 testing, DASS was repeated to address relief effects on mental distress (visit 2). Following 90 days (visit 3), development of mental distress was addressed by a combination of DASS and PTSD, while the possible long-term manifestation of PTSD was evaluated 9 months later (visit 4). At visit 1, 7.4 percent of the total sample (n = 867) demonstrated a positive screening for PTSD, while after nine months (at visit 4), 8.9 percent of the remaining sample (n = 204) had positive screening results. The mean age was 36.2 years; 60.8% were women, 39.2% men. In contrast to individuals with negative PTSD screening, these participants demonstrated a significantly different LoC personality profile. This was confirmed by the results of both DASS and the COVID-19 medical history questionnaire. Following testing for COVID-19, individuals with positive long-term PTSD screening present with significantly different personality traits than those w/o suggesting that self-confidence and effective control over one's own actions serve as a protective function against mental distress.

Modulation of Morpho-Physiological and Metabolic Profiles of Lettuce Subjected to Salt Stress and Treated with Two Vegetal-Derived Biostimulants.

Salinity in water and soil is a critical issue for food production. Using biostimulants provides an effective strategy to protect crops from salinity-derived yield losses. The research supports the effectiveness of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulants based on their source material. A greenhouse experiment was performed on lettuce plants under control (0 mM NaCl) and high salinity conditions (30 mM NaCl) using the Trainer (T) and Vegamin (V) PH biostimulants. The recorded data included yield parameters, mineral contents, auxiliary pigments, and polyphenolics. The plant sample material was further analyzed to uncover the unique metabolomic trace of the two biostimulants. The results showed an increased yield (8.9/4.6%, T/V) and higher photosynthetic performance (14%) compared to control and salinity treatments. Increased yield in salinity condition by T compared to V was deemed significant due to the positive modulation in stress-protecting molecules having an oxidative stress relief effect such as lutein (39.9% 0 × T vs. 30 × V), β-carotene (23.4% vs. V overall), and flavonoids (27.7% vs. V). The effects of PH biostimulants on the physio-chemical and metabolic performance of lettuce plants are formulation dependent. However, they increased plant growth under stress conditions, which can prove profitable.

Eleven new sesquiterpenoids from peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia

The peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia(SP) is a representative Mongolian folk medicine with the effects of anti-depression, heat clearance, pain relief, and respiration improvement. It has been clinically used for the treatment of coronary heart disease, insomnia, asthma, and other cardiopulmonary diseases. As part of the systematic study on pharmacological substances of SP, 11 new sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the terpene-containing fractions of the ethanol extract of SP by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR) guided isolation methods. The planar structures of the sesquiterpenoids were identified by MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR data analysis, and were named pinnatanoids C and D(1 and 2), and alashanoids T-ZI(3-11), respectively. The structure types of the sesquiterpenoids included pinnatane, humulane, seco-humulane, guaiane, carryophyllane, seco-erimolphane, isodaucane, and other types. However, limited to the low content of compounds, the existence of multiple chiral centers, the flexibility of the structure, or lack of ultraviolet absorption, the stereoscopic configuration remained unresolved. The discovery of various sesquiterpenoids enriches the understanding of the chemical composition of the genus and species and provides references for further analysis of pharmacological substances of SP.

Wheat peptides with different hydrolysis degree have similar relief effect in constipated mice

Constipation has become more common in recent decades, affecting people’s quality of life. Natural bioactive substances could be effective in alleviating constipation. The goal of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of low and high hydrolysis degree wheat peptides (WP-L and WP-H) at a dose of 1 mg/g.bw on relieving loperamide-induced constipation in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we proved that both WP-L and WP-H treatment showed constipation relieving effect by improving defecation function and small intestinal propulsion rate while the different hydrolysis degree did not affect the efficacy of WP. Moreover, WP-L and WP-H could balance the secretion of excitatory and inhibitory factors, and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GSH-Px). Importantly, both of them could accelerate intestinal motility, improve water-salt metabolism and intestinal barrier, and ameliorate oxidative stress. In summary, our findings indicated that 1 mg/g.bw WP-L and WP-H effectively relieved loperamide-induced constipation by affecting multiple targets in mice.

Research on Residual Stresses and Microstructures of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V Treated by Thermal Vibration Stress Relief

The efficient and cost-effective residual stress control method is of great significance for the application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. In this work, thermal-vibration stress relief (TVSR) with different temperatures and dynamic stresses was performed on Ti6Al4V samples prepared by selective laser melting (SLM), the stress relief effects of TVSR and its influence on phase and microstructure were investigated and compared with thermal stress relief (TSR) and vibration stress relief (VSR), and the stress relief mechanisms of these methods are discussed. It was found that the residual stress relief rate can reach 86.76% after TVSR treatment at a temperature of 380 °C and a dynamic stress of 400 MPa, which increased by 63.63% compared with VSR under the same dynamic stress. The efficiency is increased by 76% compared with TSR at 580 °C and the residual stress relief rate is almost the same. After TVSR, VSR and TSR treatments, the grain morphology, size and phase content of samples were basically unchanged, and low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) were increased after TVSR and VSR treatments and decreased after TSR treatment. The results confirm that the TVSR method has the ability to control the residual stress of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V with low time and cost consumption, and are helpful for engineering applications of TVSR.

Effect of Different Explosion Relief Outlet Angles on Explosion Relief Efficiency in Confined Areas

ABSTRACT In this paper, we study the effect of explosion pressure relief from different angles of outlet in confined areas under methane-air premixed gas with a methane volume concentration of 9.5%. Results showed that increasing the angle of explosion pressure relief outlet from 30° to 150° generates a subsequent change in the overpressure attenuation rate of the straight pipeline segment (range 19.51–33.96%). Notably, the explosion pressure relief efficiency is most significant under working conditions of 60°–75°, and the overpressure attenuation rate is 30.21%–33.96%. The overpressure attenuation rate of the straight pipeline exhibits a non-monotonic relationship with the explosion pressure relief outlet angles, while the overpressure peak is positively correlated with the explosion pressure relief outlet angle. Collectively, these results provide a theoretical basis to guide future designing of explosion pressure relief outlet angles in a restricted space.

Pain relief effects of aromatherapy with rose oil (Rosa damascena Mill.) inhalation in patients with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled clinical trial

IntroductionPharmacological agents, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and non-pharmacological techniques, including acupuncture and aromatherapy, are commonly used for the management of abdominal pain in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Essential rose oil obtained from Rosa Mill (RDM) is often used in aromatherapy for the treatment of many diseases. This study was aimed at using visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and total analgesic consumption to evaluate the effects of adding RDM essential oil inhalation to the standard treatment (NSAID) of primary dysmenorrhea. MethodsIn this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, 86 patients were randomized into groups R and C. The patients in group C only used standard analgesics (50 mg diclofenac sodium enteric film tablets). In group R, patients used both standard analgesics and RDM inhalation aromatherapy. A 10-point VAS was used to determine the pain values of the patients and was recorded as pre-treatment (VAS-0) and post-treatment (VAS-60). The analgesic consumption by the patients was recorded for 24 h. ResultsIn both groups, there was a significant decrease in VAS scores after treatment. The VAS-60 scores in group R were significantly lower than those in group C (2 [1–4] vs. 5 [2–5], respectively; P = 0.013). Analgesic consumption in group R was significantly lower than in group C (50 [50–100] mg vs. 100 [50–100] mg, respectively; p = 0.003). ConclusionInhalational rose oil aromatherapy is a good self-treatment option for primary dysmenorrhea.

Control Technology of Roof-Cutting and Pressure Relief for Roadway Excavation with Strong Mining Small Coal Pillar

In order to solve the problem of serious deformation and failure of surrounding rock and difficult maintenance of gob-side entries with strong mining-induced small coal pillars, taking the A110607 return airway of the Shanwenjiaba Coal Mine as the engineering background, the key parameters of roof-cutting and pressure relief control technology for roadway excavation with strong mining-induced small coal pillars were studied by using two-way concentrated blasting roof-cutting and pressure relief technology, combined with theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and a field industrial test. A collaborative control scheme of “roof-cutting pressure relief + anchor cable combined support” is proposed. The test results show that when the height of roof-cutting is 8 m, the angle of roof-cutting is 15°, and when the width of the coal pillar is 3 m, the effect of roof-cutting and pressure relief is the best. Through the field blasting test, it was determined that the blast hole spacing was 800 mm, 321 charge structure was used in the intact roof, and 221 or 211 charge structures were used in the broken roof and geological structure zones. During the driving and strong mining period, the roof and floor movement of the roof-cutting section of the roadway excavation was reduced by about 38% compared with the uncut section, and the deformation of the two sides of the roadway was reduced by about 44% compared with the uncut section. It shows that the collaborative control scheme of “roof-cutting pressure relief + anchor cable combined support” has a good effect on the roadway excavation driving of small coal pillars in strong mining.

Relief effects of Laoshan cherry extracts as a dietary supplement against the symptoms of acute gouty arthritis in rats induced by urate crystals.

We evaluated the effects of Laoshan cherry as a food or dietary supplement on relieving the symptoms of acute gouty arthritis in rats induced by urate crystals. Rats in groups of 10 were given Laoshan cherry functional extracts at doses of 5, 10, and 20mg/kg by oral gavage for 21days and then injected with a sodium nitrate suspension in the rear ankle area as an induced acute gouty arthritis model. The ankle swelling and inflammations in the model (no treatment) group increased significantly compared with blank group; the ankle inflammations reduced in experimental groups receiving three different doses of the cherry extract and the joint swelling reduced in the high-dose group by 43% compared with the model group. Serum uric acid and xanthine oxidase activities were also elevated in the model group and these parameters were reduced by a maximum of 8% and 33%, respectively, in the rats receiving the cherry extracts. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the high-dose group decreased by 12% compared with the model group. These results demonstrated that the cherries possess a functional substance that has a significant alleviating effect on the symptoms of gouty arthritis in rats induced by sodium urate injection.

Fully Implantable Neurostimulation System for Long-Term Behavioral Animal Study.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an emerging therapeutic option for patients with neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury (SCI). Numerous studies on pain relief effects with SCS have been conducted and demonstrated promising results while the mechanisms of analgesic effect during SCS remain unclear. However, an experimental system that enables large-scale long-term animal studies is still an unmet need for those mechanistic studies. This study proposed a fully wireless neurostimulation system that can efficiently support a long-term animal study for neuropathic pain relief. The developed system consists of an implantable stimulator, an animal cage with an external charging coil, and a wireless communication interface. The proposed device has the feature of remotely controlling stimulation parameters via radio-frequency (RF) communication and wirelessly charging via magnetic induction in freely moving rats. Users can program stimulation parameters such as pulse width, intensity, and duration through an interface on a computer. The stimulator was packaged with biocompatible epoxy to ensure long-term durability under in vivo conditions. Animal experiments using SCI rats were conducted to demonstrate the functionality of the device, including long-term usability and therapeutic effects. The developed system can be tailored to individual user needs with commercially available components, thus providing a cost-effective solution for large-scale long-term animal studies on neuropathic pain relief.

Modeling Departure time choice of Metro Passengers: A case study of Delhi metro

Delhi metro is suffering from severe congestion due to booming travel demand. Differential pricing is an important and effective measure in traffic demand management (TDM). Whether pricing strategies work depends strongly on the responses of travelers to fare changes. Normally, the fare elasticity of demand is used to describe the relationship between demand changes and fare changes at an aggregate level. It is useful to estimate demand changes for system-wide and long-term pricing policies. However, for regional and short-term (valid time window is short) fare strategies, it is hard to capture the reactions just by the fare elasticity of demand. The retiming elasticity decreases greatly with increasing shift time, and 30 minutes is almost the maximum acceptable shift time for passengers. Moreover, the retiming elasticity of passengers in the middle term is approximately twice that in the short term. Applications of fare optimization are also executed, and the results suggest that optimizing the valid time window of the discount fares is a feasible way to improve the congestion relief effect of the policy, while policymakers should be cautious to change fare structures and increase discounts. Passengers' travel responses to fare changes are very complex and related to various external factors, such as service quality, travel preference, and socioeconomic factors. Past works on travel responses are usually specific to a certain region or transit system and assume that the external factors remain the same before and after the policy. Flexi fare is a successful measure in Beijing suburban railway and it handles the booming congestion of suburb rail. Modeling in departure time choice plays a vital role in caters the congestion in the metro and distributing the commuters at different intervals of time. The objective of this study is to understand the ridership pattern, mode-choice behaviour, trip purposes of users, and willingness to shift due to fare differential during the peak and non-peak hours in the metro rail system of Delhi. To know the different modeling departure time choice, it is necessary to know the willingness to shift to an off-peak hour or hike in peak hour fare. The study result shows that the users with work trips are willing to pay more but unwilling to shift from peak hour travel, and users with leisure trips are willing to shift to non-peak hour travel if the fare in peak hour changes. Therefore, new fare strategies should be recommended.

Investigation of the Active Compounds and Important Pathways of Huaiqihuang Granule for the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Compounds of HQHG were scanned by LC-MS/MS, and the target profiles of compounds were identified based on SwissTarget Prediction. ITP target proteins were collected from various databases. Then, KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analyses were performed to explore the signaling pathways related to HQHG for ITP. The PPI and drug-herbs-compounds-targets-pathways network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2. Finally, Discovery studio software was used to confirm the key targets and active compounds from HQHG. A total of 187 interacting targets of 19 potentially active compounds in HQHG and 3837 ITP-related targets were collected. Then, 187 intersection targets were obtained. A total of 20 key targets including EGFR, CASP3, TNF, STAT3, and ERBB2 were identified through PPI network analysis. These targets were mainly focused on the biological processes of positive regulation of protein phosphorylation, cellular response to organonitrogen compound, and cellular response to nitrogen compound. 20 possible pathways of HQHG in the treatment of ITP were identified through KEGG enrichment. EGFR, CASP3, TNF, and STAT3 are the four most important target proteins, while adenosine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, rutin, scopoletin, and tianshic acid are the most important active compounds, which were validated by molecular docking simulation. This study demonstrated that HQHG produced relief effects against ITP by regulating multitargets and multipathways with multicompounds. And the combined data provide novel insight of drug developing for ITP.

VEGF-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Safe and Effective Treatment of Pain in Parkinson’s Disease

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a pro-angiogenic factor that mediates the differentiation and function of vascular endothelial cells. VEGF has been implicated in modulating various pains. However, the effects of VEGF in Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related pain have not been studied. The goal of this study was to understand the effects of VEGF-expressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on PD-related pain and the involved mechanisms. We used two types of MSCs: hAMSC-Vector-GFP and hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP in PD mice. Then, the expression of VEGF and the viability have been compared between two types of MSCs. To demonstrate the therapeutic effect of hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP, we transplanted each cell line in a PD mouse model. Head mechanical withdrawal thresholds were examined. hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP was associated with significantly increased VEGF expression and slightly increased viability, compared with hAMSC-Vector-GFP. The transplanted hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP significantly improved mechanical allodynia and inhibited transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression in site. And such pain relief effects could be partially blocked by TRPV1 agonist. However, we did not observe tumor generation or neuron degeneration in hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP-transplanted animals. Taken together, our data suggest that hAMSC-VEGF189-GFP is safely therapeutically appropriate for treating PD-related pain. VEGF inhibits TRPV1 expression, which may contribute to its analgesic properties.

Effect of Expansion Level and Relief to Shear Layer in a Suddenly Expanded Flow: A CFD Approach

Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis was used to study the effect of expansion level in a suddenly expanded flow for a converging-diverging nozzle expanded to the duct of larger diameter at supersonic Mach number. Parameters include the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), L/D ratio, and area ratio. The model of the converging-diverging (C-D) nozzle suddenly expanding into the enlarged duct with the cavity was created using the Design Modeler of ANSYS Fluent. The Mach number of the study is 1.6. The area ratio varied from 2.25 to 5.29, and the L/D ranged from 1 to 10. The simulated nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) ranged from 2, 3, 4.25, and 6.375. The outcome demonstrated that the geometric alteration and NPR strongly affect the base pressure. The ambient pressure influences result in lower L/Ds. The cavity of aspect ratio 1 is most effective in raising the base pressure. Increasing the width does not yield any desirable results. However, the location of the cavity played a very significant role in base pressure regulation. The duct's wall pressure and the flow field remained identical with and without control.

The Development and Application of a Team Building Program for a Middle School Soccer Team

PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a team building program for a middle school soccer team in order to verify its effects. METHODS A total of 50 middle school soccer players participated in the needs analysis, and 10 middle school soccer players participated the preliminary program. In addition, a total of 37 ‘S’ middle school soccer players and 2 coaches participated the final team building program to identify its effects. The team building program was developed through the following sequence: program goal setting, organization of program activities, and the pretest. Three types of questionnaires and a self-report were utilized to verify the effects of the team building program. RESULTS The team building program was developed based on interpersonal relationships, goal setting, and communication. The level of team cohesion, team communication, and coach-athletes interaction significantly increased through this program. Furthermore, the effects of stress relief and self-improvement were revealed through the self-report. CONCLUSIONS The team building program was determined to be effective and has various benefits. It is expected to contribute to the growth of middle school soccer players if coaches actively participate in the program with their athletes.

Comparison of Continuous and Programmed Intermittent Bolus Infusion of 0.2% Ropivacaine after Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery.

Despite the clinical effectiveness of the programmed intermittent bolus (PIB) method for epidural analgesia, evidence for this method in continuous interscalene brachial plexus block (CIBPB) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pain relief effect after arthroscopic shoulder surgery according to the administration method by comparing the PIB and continuous infusion methods among the administration methods of local anesthetics. Sixty-four patients aged >19 years scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery were enrolled and divided into two groups. Ultrasound-guided CIBPB was performed to control postoperative pain. The infusion pump was programmed so that 0.2% ropivacaine was continuously injected at 1.1 mL/h in group A, whereas in group B, 0.1 mL/h was continuously injected and 4 mL was periodically injected at 4 h intervals. In both groups, a further infusion of 4 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine was administered if the patient requested additional analgesia, and the lockout time was set at 30 min. Postoperative pain quality was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), and the incidence of patients requiring additional analgesics, motor blockade using a modified Bromage scale (MBS), and consumed doses of local anesthetic were assessed. The VAS and incidence of rescue analgesics were performed when the patient could communicate voluntarily after admission to the post-anesthetic care unit, and at 24 and 48 h after surgery showed no significant difference between the two groups. The MBS at 24 h after surgery was significantly higher in group B (p = 0.038). In the comparison of consumed doses of local anesthetic, group B had a significantly higher bolus injection dose (p = 0.047) and frequency of bolus use in the 24 h after surgery (p = 0.034). The PIB method in CIBPB after arthroscopic shoulder surgery provided a similar analgesic effect, with a higher bolus injection dose of local anesthetic and increased motor blockade than the continuous infusion method.

Design and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Eye Drops Containing VRN for Ocular Drug Delivery

As a well-known oral and intravenous antifungal, voriconazole (VRN) has an extensive history of usage in the medical field. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been produced to treat ocular fungal keratitis in the eye. A 32Box-behnken design was used to produce a variety of new formulas for hot-melt extrusion. The SLNs were evaluated by entrapment efficiency (EE percent), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). A series of in-vitro and in-vivo studies were carried out on the new formula. The produced vesicles’ EE, PS, PDI, and ZP values were all good. SLNs eye drops were numerically adjusted to include carbopol, a stabilizer, lipids, and a surfactant, among other substances. ZP of -36.5 ± 0.20 mV, 80.9 ± 1.02 % EE, 205 ± 9.1 nm PS, and 0.015 PDI were all included in the data. For example, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), it was discovered that the crystallinity of the drug had been reduced. The in-vitro release study and the SLNs and carbopol-based eye drops prepared with ultrasonication method demonstrated sustained release up to 48 hours. Comparing VRN-SLNs pharmacokinetics to that of pure drug solution, researchers discovered an area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax three times higher and a factor of five times higher, respectively (both P 0.01). By functioning as a carrier, SLNs may increase the bioavailability of VRN in the eye. The in-vivo studies were performed by infecting the rats with candida species. It was observed that VRN-loaded SLNs eye drops were more efficient in treating candidiasis. Results indicate that VRN-loaded SLNs eye drops provide a sustaining VRN topical effect and quick relief from fungal infection.

Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium bifidum B1628 May Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice, and the Anti-Inflammatory Effect Is Associated with Gut Microbiota Modulation.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with gut dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat-killed Bifidobacterium bifidum B1628 (HB1628) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The following three mouse groups were included (n = eight per group): NC (normal control), DSS (colitis), and HB1628 (colitis and postbiotic). The mice in the DSS group showed significant weight loss and histological damage, developed bloody diarrhea, scored high in the disease activity index (DAI), and exhibited increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and decreases in an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-13) in the serum. These changes were accompanied by gut microbiota modulation in colitis mice (decreases in Rikenellaceae and Eubacterium; increases in Peptostreptococcaceae, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Parasutterella excrementihominis). The HB1628 group had lower DAIs, histology scores, and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), but higher levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-13), compared with the DSS group, suggesting a less severe inflammatory state after the HB1628 intervention. Additionally, HB1628 improved DSS-induced gut dysbiosis, which is evidenced by increases in intestinal beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, and decreases in known unfavorable taxa in IBD, e.g., Porphyromonadaceae, Subdoligranulum, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3_1_46FAA, and Alistipes indistinctus. Functional metagenomics revealed three significantly enriched metabolic pathways in the HB1628 group (namely, the aerobic respiration I [cytochrome c] pathway and the superpathways of L-phenylalanine biosynthesis and L-tryptophan biosynthesis, respectively). In conclusion, our results showed that HB1628 effectively improved the inflammation state and tissue damage in DSS-induced colitis mice, and the symptom relief effect was accompanied by obvious gut microbiota remodulation.

New Technology of Pressure Relief Control in Soft Coal Roadways with Deep, Violent Mining and Large Deformation: A Key Study

Previous studies have shown that the influence of deep dynamic pressure on the surrounding rock control of a coal roadway is one of the difficulties in mine roadway support. Based on the investigation of the headgate 11231 in a coal mine, this study analyzes the damage characteristics of coal roadway surrounding rock affected by deep dynamic pressure, expounds on the difficulties of controlling the roadway surrounding rock, and creatively proposes a cooperative control technology of external anchor–internal unloading for regulating large deformation of roadways. The vertical stress distribution and transfer law of surrounding rock with different hole-making depths, spacing, and lengths after roadway excavation were simulated and studied, and an appropriate parameter range of hole-making space in the stage without dynamic pressure influence was obtained. Considering the influence of mining dynamic pressure, the surrounding rock pressure relief effect of each optimized hole-making parameter was analyzed. In addition, the optimal hole-making parameters (the hole-making depth, spacing, and length were 8 m, 3.2 m, and 3 m, respectively) that can effectively reduce the high stress of roadway shallow surrounding rock in two stages (without and with dynamic pressure) and ensure integrity of the shallow surrounding rock were obtained. The actual field application shows that the new technology can reduce the higher rib deformation by approximately 850 mm and achieve a good surrounding rock control effect. The research and practice show that the pressure relief control for soft coal roadways with deep, violent mining and large deformation has achieved success, providing technical support for the maintenance of the same type of roadway.