Reliable Triggering Research Articles

BackgroundNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients experience significant anatomical changes during radiation treatment (RT). Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can be initiated in response to specific events or at scheduled intervals during treatment, prompting questions about patient selection, timing, and reliable triggers for re-CT and replanning. This study aimed to develop a method for selecting NPC patients for ART before treatment and identify the optimal timing for its implementation.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated NPC patients treated at University Hospitals Leuven between 2016 and 2023, assessing volumetric changes in the parotid glands, air cavities, maxillary sinuses, and body contour at nasopharyngeal and low-neck levels throughout treatment. Structures were contoured on the initial simulation CT, weekly CBCTs, and final treatment day, resulting in eight measurements per parameter. Body contour changes were evaluated at the nasopharyngeal level (odontoid process) and neck level (lower edge of the third cervical vertebra). Measurements included volume, transverse diameters, and radius angles of 50° and 310°. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for overall survival (OS) and local control (LC), while longitudinal volumetric data were analyzed with linear mixed models. Continuous variables were dichotomized to create a binary variable, for the purpose to define cut-off values for significant predictive variables.ResultsOf the 47 NPC patients analyzed, 2- and 5-year loco-regional control rates were 95%, with overall survival rates of 100% and 93%, respectively. Significant reductions in parotid gland volume and body contour were observed, particularly between weeks 3 and 4. Predictors of parotid gland volume reduction included bulky nodal disease and larger initial parotid volume, with thresholds of 15 mm and 56 cc, respectively. Body contour changes during the fourth week correlated with high N-stage (≥ N3), higher initial BMI (>28 kg/m²), bulky lymph nodes (15 mm), higher initial mean planned dose to the ipsilateral parotid gland (> 31 Gy) and larger initial primary tumor Clinical Target Volume (> 93 cc). Induction chemotherapy was significantly associated with fewer sinonasal air cavity changes than concomitant chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionIt is recommended to re-evaluate the RT plan during the period between fractions 15 and 20 of treatment. Patients treated for NCP could be selected for ART based on the following clinical criteria at diagnosis: N3 or higher classification, presence of a bulky lymph node larger than 15 millimeters, initial BMI exceeding 28 kg/m², mean planned dose to the ipsilateral parotid glands greater than 31 Gy, cumulative volume of the parotid glands greater than 56 cc, high-dose CTV of the primary tumor greater than 93 cc, and receiving RT with no prior induction chemotherapy. Validation of these pre-treatment clinical predictors in a large, prospective dataset is essential before clinical usage.

Speech enhancement can greatly improve the user experience during phone calls in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. In this paper, we propose a low-cost, energy-efficient, and environment-independent speech enhancement system, namely AccCall, that improves phone call quality using the smartphone's built-in accelerometer. However, a significant gap remains between the underlying insight and its practical applications, as several critical challenges should be addressed, including efficiency of speech enhancement in cross-user scenario, adaptive system triggering to reduce energy consumption, and lightweight deployment for real-time processing. To this end, we first design Acc-Aided Network (AccNet), a cross-modal deep learning model inherently capable of cross-user generalization through three key components, including cross-modal fusion module, accelerometer-aided (abbreviated as acc-aided) mask generator, the unified loss function. Second, we adopt a machine learning-based approach instead of deep learning to achieve high accuracy in distinguishing call activity states followed by adaptive system triggering, ensuring lower energy consumption and efficient deployment on mobile platforms. Finally, we propose a knowledge-distillation-driven structured pruning framework that optimizes model efficiency while preserving performance. Extensive experiments with 20 participants have been conducted under a user-independent scenario. The results show that AccCall achieves excellent and reliable adaptive triggering performance, and enables substantial real-time improvements in SISDR, SISNR, STOI, PESQ, and WER, demonstrating the superiority of our system in enhancing speech quality and intelligibility for phone calls.

Peripheral nerve endings of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons act as nociceptors and generate action potentials in response to noxious stimuli. Primary cultures of dissociated DRG have been used extensively to study changes neuronal excitability caused by either analgesics or pathological conditions, such as inflammation. The dissociation procedure can be viewed as a form of axotomy, and one might expect a resulting increase in excitability of the neurons during the subsequent culture period. However, changes in firing properties of DRG neurons over time in vitro have not been investigated systematically. Thus, the current experiments compared action potential firing in dissociated DRG neurons after one to 7 days in culture and examined Gaussian white noise as novel stimulation paradigm. Primary cultures of DRG neurons were recorded in perforated patch current-clamp. Action potentials were evoked either by a sequence of five rectangular current pulses with increasing amplitudes or by Gaussian white noise of varying RMS amplitudes and frequencies. Conventional rectangular current injections triggered 19 20 action potentials in cells when recorded within 24h after dissociation. After 7days in culture, DRG neurons fired 4.3 0.7 action potentials in response to current pulses. Inflammatory mediators increased numbers of action potentials evoked by rectangular current pulses within 24h after dissociation to 66 54, but left those elicited after 7days in vitro unaltered (4.3 0.5). In the same set of neurons kept in culture for 7days, Gaussian white noise stimuli triggered 1,540 470 action potentials, and this number was increased to 2089 685 by inflammatory mediators. The Kv7 channel activator retigabine and the paracetamol metabolite n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) decreased numbers of action potentials triggered by Gaussian white noise, but failed to do so when rectangular current pulses were used as stimuli, both in neurons after 7days in culture. These results demonstrate a decrease in the excitability of DRG neurons from day one to 7 after dissociation and reveal Gaussian white noise as reliable trigger of action potential firing in these neurons.

Relevance: Anemia is a common hematologic syndrome, particularly among oncological patients, where its prevalence ranges from 40% to 90%, depending on treatment. Blood transfusion remains the primary method of anemia correction; however, hemoglo-bin (Hb) level remains the sole criterion for transfusion decisions despite not always accurately reflecting tissue oxygen demand. Consequently, alternative physiological transfusion triggers are being actively studied, including oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER), central venous oxy-gen partial pressure (PvO2), lactate (Lac), and venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (ΔCO2).The study aimed to assess the effect of blood transfusion on O2ER, PvO2, Lac, and ΔCO2 in oncological patients with anemia and determine their potential as physiological transfusion triggers.Methods: A prospective observational study included 107 oncological patients with anemia requiring blood transfusion. Arterial and central venous blood samples were collected before and 1 hour after transfusion to assess Hb, PvO2, Lac, O2ER, and ΔCO2. Statis-tical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results: After blood transfusion, a statistically significant improvement in key parameters was observed:• O2ER decreased from 35.4% (31.8; 41.9) to 29.3% (26.0; 33.4) (p<0.001);• PvO2 increased from 34.8 (32.7; 38) to 36 (34; 39) mmHg (p=0.005);• ΔCO2 decreased from 7 (5.2; 8.6) to 6.3 (4.9; 7.7) mmHg (p=0.004);• Lac changed slightly from 1.1 (0.9; 1.7) to 1.0 (0.6; 1.55) mmol/L (p=0.005), remaining within the normal range.Correlation analysis revealed that PvO2, ΔCO2, and Lac were significantly associated with baseline O2ER levels but did not cor-re-late with baseline Hb levels (p>0.05). This confirms that the Hb level does not accurately reflect oxygen delivery needs, whereas alter-native physiological markers may serve as more reliable transfusion decision criteria.Conclusion: Changes in O2ER, PvO2, and ΔCO2 after blood transfusion suggest their potential use as physiological transfusion trig-gers. Unlike the Hb level, these parameters more accurately reflect oxygen delivery changes. Although lactate correlated with baseline Hb, it cannot serve as a reliable transfusion trigger in this patient population, as its levels remained within the normal range. Further research is needed to define threshold values for physiological transfusion triggers and evaluate their impact on clinical outcomes.

Relevance: Anemia is a common hematologic syndrome, particularly among oncological patients, where its prevalence ranges from 40% to 90%, depending on treatment. Blood transfusion remains the primary method of anemia correction; however, hemoglobin (Hb) level remains the sole criterion for transfusion decisions despite not always accurately reflecting tissue oxygen demand. Consequently, alternative physiological transfusion triggers are being actively studied, including oxygen extraction ratio (O2 ER), central venous oxygen partial pressure (PvO2 ), lactate (Lac), and venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (ΔCO2 ). The study aimed to assess the effect of blood transfusion on O2 ER, PvO2 , Lac, and ΔCO2 in oncological patients with anemia and determine their potential as physiological transfusion triggers. Methods: A prospective observational study included 107 oncological patients with anemia requiring blood transfusion. Arterial and central venous blood samples were collected before and 1 hour after transfusion to assess Hb, PvO2 , Lac, O2 ER, and ΔCO2 . Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: After blood transfusion, a statistically significant improvement in key parameters was observed: • O2 ER decreased from 35.4% (31.8; 41.9) to 29.3% (26.0; 33.4) (p<0.001); • PvO2 increased from 34.8 (32.7; 38) to 36 (34; 39) mmHg (p=0.005); • ΔCO2 decreased from 7 (5.2; 8.6) to 6.3 (4.9; 7.7) mmHg (p=0.004); • Lac changed slightly from 1.1 (0.9; 1.7) to 1.0 (0.6; 1.55) mmol/L (p=0.005), remaining within the normal range. Correlation analysis revealed that PvO2 , ΔCO2 , and Lac were significantly associated with baseline O2 ER levels but did not correlate with baseline Hb levels (p>0.05). This confirms that the Hb level does not accurately reflect oxygen delivery needs, whereas alternative physiological markers may serve as more reliable transfusion decision criteria. Conclusion: Changes in O2 ER, PvO2 , and ΔCO2 after blood transfusion suggest their potential use as physiological transfusion triggers. Unlike the Hb level, these parameters more accurately reflect oxygen delivery changes. Although lactate correlated with baseline Hb, it cannot serve as a reliable transfusion trigger in this patient population, as its levels remained within the normal range. Further research is needed to define threshold values for physiological transfusion triggers and evaluate their impact on clinical outcomes.

Abstract Determining the threshold for antecedent rainfall that led to flash flood in sparse, unavailable rain gauge, or conflict hydrological data retrieval in tropical cities is vital to support the flash flood adaptation framework. The satellite precipitation of Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) is promising as alternative due to its fine grid (~10km) and high temporal resolution. Utility of GPM data as sole input for triggering threshold in urbanized tropics is less reported. Consequently, this paper attempt to determine the threshold for antecedent rainfall for flash flood occurrences using GPM satellite data in Klang Valley area as experimental site. The results showed that the quantitative cumulative rainfall threshold derived from the percentile plot showed that the value was not vary much between the zone from 5 - 7mm for 3 hourly rainfall period. The IDF method obtained the non-linear fashion of exponential and logarithmic relationship. Accuracy assessment results showed that the performance overall accuracy for all indicators were good (>85% accuracy). The percentile method slightly scored better than IDF method. The outcome of this study is useful in providing alternative for data conflict areas to determine reliable triggering threshold for flash flood as the satellite data is can be publicly accessed.

Design of a GaAs Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch for Reliable Triggering of a Gas Switch

Background. The inertia closer is designed for the electric circuit commutation when initiating the mobile item (vehicle) security systems. Materials and methods. The closer package with base of a dielectric material contains the inertial body in the form of revolution body, applied by spring to the top of the package; the body can move and/or tilt to contact electric interfaces, fixed on the base. The inertial body has a flange to tight the body with a spring to contact with inner and end surfaces of the top package. The arrangement has in addition an extra-contact in the initial state bitten about both the face of the inertial body and the base surface; the contact may be in the form of a disk with elastic radial blades, bending when the inertial body moving and/or tilting. The contact with radial blades reduces effort necessary for its elastic deformation by the inertial body, increasing hence the flexure of radial blades to prolong closing duration.Elastic blades in the electrical circuit make longer the close-contact state after the inertial closer triggering, since deceleration after the impact doesn’t result in breaking contact due to reverse motion of the inertial body moved by the spring to the initial state. This guarantees reliable triggering of the security systems even at impact accelerations of short duration. The flange of the inertial body, making contact of the latter with inner and end surfaces of top package, provides device operability under transverse acceleration through inclination of the inertial body. For sensitivity diagrams adjustment to adapt the inertia closer to different application and reduce activation errors, concerning amplitude and impact acceleration duration, the inertial body has holes at the end surfaces, which depth are specified by assembling and settings of the closer. To gain desired lengthwise and crosswise sensitivity the inertial body is of split-type with wear bushing of varying weight, inserting coaxially through central threaded hole. Results and conclusions. Shown work demonstrates possibility of development of the reliable and technologically effective inertial closer for failsafe operation of mobile vehicles’ security system.

Abstract Microprocessors, integrated data storage systems, and cache memories are just a few applications that can benefit from Static random access memory (SRAM). Computing In memory provides a solution for the von Neumann bottleneck problems. Simultaneously, it removes needless repeated data transmission between CPU and memory. Schmitt trigger was utilized for energy-efficient operation to get high reading and writing capacity. Two cross-coupled inverters with a transistor in between increase the design writing process. Furthermore, voltage boost logic is prioritized to maximize the node capacity. Using two dummy columns and dummy rows in RAM, the Replica technique controls the flow of signals via the core. The simulated results are compared to the designs that already exist. The simulation results show that the leakage power of the proposed design is 0.75 nw at 0.6 volts. The write static noise margin (WSNM) of the proposed cell is twice that of SEDF10T, which can be helpful for high-performance computing applications.

Abstract Study question Do urinary OPKs have inferior ability to detect the LH surge compared to daily serum monitoring among patients undergoing true NC FET? Summary answer OPKs are highly accurate and may serve as reliable tests to detect the LH surge among patients undergoing NC FET. What is known already Frozen embryo transfers continue to increase worldwide and recent evidence suggests natural cycle protocols may be superior to hormone replacement protocols because of lower risk of miscarriage and lower risk of pregnancy complications. Patients undergoing NC FET attend multiple clinic appointments which has been associated with increased patient stress levels during fertility treatment. OPKs have been found to be accurate at detecting the LH surge in the trying to conceive population and have high user acceptability. Study design, size, duration A prospective single cohort study including 139 fertility seeking participants was completed at an academic-affiliated fertility center for a duration of 12 months. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients scheduled for NC FET (regular cycles 27-35 days, mid luteal progesterone >30 nmol/L, no luteal phase concern) with the ability to provide informed consent and access to SMS texting devices were eligible for participation. On the same day they started daily morning bloodwork as per the standard protocol (2-3 days prior to anticipated LH surge), participants began twice daily OPK testing. Upon exiting the study, patients completed a questionnaire on satisfaction with OPK use. Main results and the role of chance LH surge detection rate was 85.6% (n = 119/139) with serum monitoring and 93.5% (130/139) with OPK use (Kappa agreement 90.7%, K = 0.51, p < 0.001). Among patients with a serum-detected LH surge, OPK was positive within +/- 12 hours of the serum LH surge detection in 84.8% of patients. In 23.7% of cycles, OPK was positive the same morning as serum blood work. In 27.1% of cycles, OPK was positive 12h prior and in 33.9% of cycles, OPK was positive 12h after serum LH surge detection. Actual NC FET cycle cancellation rate was 16.6% (n = 23/139) compared to an anticipated cycle cancellation rate of 20.9% (29/139) if OPKs had been used to initiate serum monitoring. The average reduction in the number of serum monitoring visits and distance travelled in kilometers with OPK use was 3.9 visits (SD 2.1) and 155km (SD 174), respectively. The majority of participants reported satisfaction with OPK use. Of 135 patients, 110 (81.5%) strongly agreed the OPK was easy to use, 100 (74.1%) strongly agreed they would be open to using OPKs in future fertility treatments and 120 (88.9%) reported a reduction or no impact on stress levels associated with fertility treatments. Limitations, reasons for caution This study only used Clearblue Digital Ovulation Tests and the reported reliability in our study cannot be extrapolated to all OPKs. Additionally, the accuracy of the reported serum LH surge detection rate may be limited by physician specific definitions of serum LH surge. Wider implications of the findings OPKs are highly accurate and may serve as a reliable trigger for serum monitoring in NC FET. While their use would reduce the number of clinic appointments and distance travelled for patients undergoing NC FET cycles, patients should be advised OPK use may be associated with higher cycle cancellation rates. Trial registration number Not applicable

Abstract In 1806, French physician Baron Jean-Louis Alibert treated a 56-year-old man with a desquamating rash and skin tumours. Alibert considered this to be a variant of yaws. In 1829 Alibert named the condition mycosis fungoides (MF), meaning ‘mushroom-like fungal disease’. Over 100 years later, French dermatologist Albert Sézary published papers from 1938 to 1949 detailing a mysterious disease that caused erythroderma and ‘cellules monstrueuses’, describing cutaneous ‘monster cells’. In 1961, these clinical findings were collated together into ‘Sézary syndrome’. Over this time there was widespread confusion between these conditions, fungal infections and yaws. In the 1870s English dermatologist William Tilbury Fox published a dermatology atlas detailing cases similar to what we know now as MF, with the name ‘fibroma fungoides’. The atlas described MF as a type of fungus, before giving a description of yaws and painting a clinical picture that differed from that of a lymphoma. In 1975, Pierre-Antoine-Ernest Bazin and associates in suggested the classification system and term we now recognize as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Neoplastic cells have been thought to arise from chronic activation of T cells via antigen-presenting cells, yet the antigen to trigger this response remains unknown. Several potential bacterial, viral, fungal and iatrogenic causes have been studied, but no reliable triggers have been discovered. In 2018, the World Health Organization and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer officially recognized four types of MF. These are the classic Alibert–Bazin type (representing 88.6% of cases) and its three subtypes; folliculotropic MF (11.4%), Pagetoid reticulosis, and granulomatous slack skin (both with a combined 1% prevalence). CTCL has an incidence of approximately 0.2–0.6 per 100 000 person-years, with MF being the most common subtype. MF is twice as common in male as in female patients. It is twice as common in those of Black ethnic background than in White and Asian ethnicities. Development of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for the T-cell receptor gene in the 1980s improved the diagnosis of CTCL. However, diagnosis of MF remains challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation, often mimicking inflammatory dermatoses. Advanced disease therapies have evolved from cytotoxic chemotherapy in the 1970s to novel monoclonal antibodies such as mogamulizumab, targeting proteins on T-cell lymphoma cells (CCR4). Reflection on the past two centuries from Alibert to mogamulizumab offers insight into the challenges that accompany the aetiology, diagnosis, classification and management of MF.

Abstract In 1806, French physician Baron Jean-Louis Alibert treated a 56-year-old man with a desquamating rash and skin tumours. Alibert considered this to be a variant of yaws. In 1829 Alibert named the condition mycosis fungoides (MF), meaning ‘mushroom-like fungal disease’. Over 100 years later, French dermatologist Albert Sézary published papers from 1938 to 1949 detailing a mysterious disease that caused erythroderma and ‘cellules monstrueuses’, describing cutaneous ‘monster cells’. In 1961, these clinical findings were collated together into ‘Sézary syndrome’. There was widespread confusion between these conditions, i.e. fungal infections and yaws. In the 1870s English dermatologist William Tilbury Fox published a dermatology atlas detailing cases similar to what we know now as MF, with the name ‘fibroma fungoides’. The atlas described MF as a type of fungus, before giving a description of yaws and painting a clinical picture that differed from that of a lymphoma. In 1975, Pierre-Antoine-Ernest Bazin and associates suggested the classification system and term we now recognize as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Neoplastic cells have been thought to arise from chronic activation of T cells via antigen-presenting cells, yet the antigen to trigger this response remains unknown. Several potential bacterial, viral, fungal and iatrogenic causes have been studied, but no reliable triggers have been discovered. In 2018, the World Health Organization and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer officially recognized four types of MF. These are the classic Alibert–Bazin type (representing 88.6% of cases) and its three subtypes; folliculotropic MF (11.4%), Pagetoid reticulosis, and granulomatous slack skin (both with a combined 1% prevalence). CTCL has an incidence of approximately 0.2–0.6 per 100 000 person-years, with MF being the most common subtype. MF is twice as common in male as in female patients. It is twice as common in those of Black ethnic background than in White and Asian ethnicities. Development of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for the T-cell receptor gene in the 1980s improved the diagnosis of CTCL. However, diagnosis of MF remains challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation, often mimicking inflammatory dermatoses. Advanced diseases therapies have evolved from cytotoxic chemotherapy in the 1970s to novel monoclonal antibodies such as mogamulizumab, targeting proteins on T-cell lymphoma cells (CCR4). Reflection on the past two centuries from Alibert to mogamulizumab offers insight into the challenges that accompany the aetiology, diagnosis, classification and management of MF.

The increasing prevalence of fungal infections necessitates broader use of antifungal medications. However, the prevalence of adverse drug events (ADEs) restricts their clinical application. This study aimed to develop a reliable ADEs trigger for antifungals to enable proactive ADEs monitoring, serving as a reference for ADEs prevention and control. This investigation comprises two phases. Initially, the trigger was established via a literature review, extraction of relevant items, and refinement through Delphi expert consultation. Subsequently, the validity of the trigger was assessed by analyzing hospital records of antifungal drug users from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. The correlation between each trigger signal and ADEs occurrence was examined, and the sensitivity and specificity of the trigger were evaluated through the spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Additionally, risk factors contributing to adverse drug events (ADEs) resulting from antifungal use were analyzed. Results: Twenty-one preliminary triggers were refined into 21 final triggers after one expert round. In the retrospective analysis, the positive trigger rate was 65.83%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 28.75%. The incidence of ADEs in inpatients was 28.75%, equating to 44.58 ADEs per 100 admissions and 33.04 ADEs per 1,000 patient days. Predominant ADEs categories included metabolic disturbances, gastrointestinal damage, and skin rashes. ADEs severity was classified into 36 cases at grade 1, 160 at grade 2, and 18 at grade 3. The likelihood of ADEs increased with longer stays, more positive triggers, and greater comorbidity counts. This study underscores the effectiveness of the GTT in enhancing ADEs detection during antifungal medication use, thereby confirming its value as a monitoring tool.

Background Recent evidence demonstrates that manually triggered vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) combined with rehabilitation leads to increased recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke. This approach is premised on studies demonstrating that the timing of stimulation relative to movements is a key determinant in the effectiveness of this approach. Objective The overall goal of the study was to identify an algorithm that could be used to automatically trigger VNS on the best movements during rehabilitative exercises while maintaining a desired interval between stimulations to reduce the burden of manual stimulation triggering. Methods To develop the algorithm, we analyzed movement data collected from patients with a history of neurological injury. We applied 3 different algorithms to the signal, analyzed their triggering choices, and then validated the best algorithm by comparing triggering choices to those selected by a therapist delivering VNS therapy. Results The dynamic algorithm triggered above the 95th percentile of maximum movement at a rate of 5.09 (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.74) triggers per minute. The periodic algorithm produces stimulation at set intervals but low movement selectivity (34.05%, IQR = 7.47), while the static threshold algorithm produces long interstimulus intervals (27.16 ± 2.01 seconds) with selectivity of 64.49% (IQR = 25.38). On average, the dynamic algorithm selects movements that are 54 ± 3% larger than therapist-selected movements. Conclusions This study shows that a dynamic algorithm is an effective strategy to trigger VNS during the best movements at a reliable triggering rate.

Eye-tracking technology brings a different human-computer interaction experience to users because of its intuitive, natural, and hands-free operation characteristics. Avoiding the Midas touch problem and improving the accuracy of interaction are among the main goals of the research and development of eye-control systems. This study reviews the methods and limitations of research on avoiding the Midas touch problem. For typical control clicking operations with low fault tolerance, such as mode switching and state selection in an eye-control system, this study proposes Magilock, a more reliable control triggering method with a high success rate in multi-channel eye-control systems. Magilock adds a control pre-locked mechanism between the two interactive steps of eye-control channel positioning control and other interactive channel triggering controls in the multi-channel eye-control system. This effectively avoids incorrect control triggering caused by multi-channel coordination disorder and gaze-point drift. This study also conducted ergonomic experiments to explore the lock and unlock times of the control pre-locked mechanism in Magilock. Taking into account the experimental data and subjective evaluation of the participants, we recommend setting the lock time and the unlock time of Magilock to 200 ms.

In this work, a fixed-time leader-following event-triggered (ET) consensus problem for multi-agent systems (MASs) with external disturbances is investigated. A distributed observer is developed to achieve the estimated state of the leader. By means of the observation information, the consensus error system for multi-agents is reformulated into a tracking error system, wherein individual follower agent aims to track the leader agent. Building upon Lyapunov technology and fixed-time stability theory, a new ET protocol is introduced to mitigate communication wastes. Notably, the proposed controller incorporates a strong robust fixed-time control form with lower complexity, and a reliable dynamic triggering condition also ensures the excellent performance of the system. Rigorous demonstrations underscore the stability and robustness of the ET method, while guaranteeing the avoidance of Zeno behavior. Finally, several numerical simulations are provided to underscore the efficacy of the proposed protocols.

A neutron trigger detector for pulsed reactor neutron sources

Static random access memories (SRAM) are useful building blocks in various applications, including cache memories, integrated data storage systems, and microprocessors. The von Neumann bottleneck difficulties are solved by in-memory computing. It eliminates unnecessary frequent data transfer between memory and processing units simultaneously. In this research, the replica-based 10T SRAM design for in-memory computing (IMC) is designed by adapting the word line control scheme in 14nm CMOS technology. In order to achieve high reading and writing capability, the Schmitt trigger inverter was used for energy-saving and stable use. To speed up the writing process of the design, a single transistor is inserted between the cross-coupled inverters. In addition, to increase the node capacity, the voltage boosting circuitry is emphasized. The adaptive word line control scheme was utilized by integrating the replica column based circuit. The Replica approach regulates signal flow through the core by using a dummy column and a dummy row in RAM. To demonstrate the viability of the suggested design, the simulated outcomes are contrasted with those of existing designs. The various performance metrics examined are Read Static Noise Margin (RSNM), Write (WSNM), Hold (HSNM), Read Access Delay (RAD), Write Access Delay (WAD), Read performance and Write performance the varying supply voltage is evaluated.

IntroductionHaemoglobin transfusion thresholds have been used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to guide red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) decisions. Recent research has also focused on physiological indicators of tissue...

Air Medical Blood Transfusion as a Trigger of Massive Transfusion Protocol