Relevant Lessons Research Articles

A community-based ambulance model: lessons for emergency medical services and everyday health systems resilience from South Africa.

The role of the emergency medical service (EMS) is changing globally as ambulance crews respond to a shifting burden of disease, as well as societal stressors such as violence and inequality. New ways of thinking about how to provide emergency care are required to shift EMS from a role primarily focused on clinical care and transporting patients to hospital. In this paper, we present the experience of the Philippi Project (PP), an innovative community-based model of care developed by front line ambulance crews in a low-income neighbourhood in Cape Town, South Africa. Our insights were developed through observational, interview and document review work, within an overall embedded research approach. Our analysis draws on the everyday health systems resilience (EHSR) framework, which sees resilience as an emergent process that may be stimulated through response to stress and shock. Responses take the form of absorptive, adaptive or transformative strategies and are underpinned by system capacities (cognitive, behavioural and contextual). We consider the PP as a potentially transformative resilience strategy, defined as a new way of working that offered the promise of long-term health system gains. We found that the PP's initial development was supported by a range of system capacity attributes (such as the intentional development of relationships, a sense of collective purpose and creating spaces for constructive sense-making). However, the PP was hard to sustain over time because emergent ways of working were undermined both by other capacity attributes rooted in pre-existing organizational routines and two contextual shocks (Coronavirus and a violent incident). The paper adds a new empirical contribution to the still-small EHSR literature. In addition, the PP experience offers globally relevant lessons for developing community-based models of EMS care. It demonstrates that front line staff can develop creative solutions to their stressful daily realities, but only if space is created and protected.

Conducting 24-hour movement behaviour research with preschool children in middle-income countries: Lessons from the SUNRISE pilot study in Mexico.

ObjectivesMovement behaviour research among preschoolers is nascent in low- and middle-income countries, where levels of physical activity, sleep, and sedentary time in children are largely unknown. This study aimed to adapt and assess the acceptability and feasibility of the International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years (SUNRISE) in Mexico, and report on challenges and solutions while implementing the protocol. Study designPilot study of the SUNRISE protocol in Mexico. MethodsSafety, logistic challenges, local dynamics, and population needs were considered to adapt the SUNRISE protocol. A gender-balanced sample of 100 children aged 3-4 years from urban and rural communities were recruited through early childcare and education centres (ECECs). Measures on children’s movement behaviours, anthropometry, gross and fine motor skills, and executive functions were collected. Challenges and solutions for implementing the protocol were documented. ResultsThe protocol was well accepted by the school community (School response rate: 83.3%). Data were collected from 132 children (response rate: 44.4%); 88 children had valid accelerometer data (average wear time: 766.8 min/d).Challenges faced included: stringent regulations to access ECECs, low confidence in the research team and protocol, low literacy levels among parents, lack of basic services in rural areas (e.g., electricity, transportation, accommodation), and poor compliance with accelerometer wear time. To overcome them, changes to the protocol considered: adaptions to meet ECECs dynamics, strategies to enhance trust in the research team and protocols (face-to-face communication, demonstrations, and encouraging parental engagement), seeking community leaders to facilitate access to rural areas and ensure the research team’s safety and access to basic facilities, and strategies to improve accelerometer adherence. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting movement behavior research among preschool children through ECECs in Mexico and provides relevant lessons learned that may hold relevance for researchers in settings with similar contexts to Mexico.

The Role of Internet to Bridge Language Gaps in Learning English as a Foreign Language in Solo's Multilingual

This study investigates the role of the internet in bridging language gaps and enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction within Solo's multilingual context. The focus is on how internet resources aid students in navigating between Bahasa Jawa, Bahasa Indonesia, and English, reflecting the multilingual dynamics of EFL classrooms. Utilizing a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with students from grade XII public senior high schools in Solo, Central Java. The findings reveal that the internet plays a significant role in facilitating language learning by providing access to diverse resources and interactive platforms. It is reported that internet tools help them create more engaging and culturally relevant lessons, which cater to the multilingual backgrounds of the students. Students highlighted that online resources offer immediate feedback, diverse learning materials, and opportunities for practicing English in real-world contexts, which are crucial for mastering a foreign language. Moreover, the study shows that the internet supports students in developing digital literacy skills, which are essential for effective language learning in the 21st century. The use of internet-based learning tools helps students seamlessly transition between languages, enhancing their overall language proficiency and confidence in using English. This research underscores the importance of integrating internet resources in EFL education to address the unique linguistic needs of students in multilingual settings. Future studies should explore the long-term impacts of internet use on language acquisition and its potential integration with traditional teaching methods to create a more holistic and effective EFL learning environment.

Иностранная военная интервенция в годы Гражданской войны в России (1917–1922): опыт истории и уроки для современности

The article analyses the materials on the Allied military intervention in Russia presented at the round table that took place in Moscow in March 2024. This topic is relevant due to the challenges faced by Russia nowadays. The presentations covered the reasons for the Allied intervention, its participants, their goals and interests, the chronology of the invasion, its milestones, key events and final results, as well as the historical experience of fighting against the intervention. It was emphasized that the huge foreign military and other assistance to the anti-Bolshevik forces in Russia escalated and prolonged the Civil War. In addition, the round table participants discussed the relevant historical lessons drawn from the experience of fighting against the intervention, as well as the formation and preservation of historical memory of the Civil War and Allied intervention in Russia.

Khung pháp lý hoạt động công nghệ tài chính: Kinh nghiệm quốc tế và bài học cho Việt Nam

Financial technology (Fintech) has developed rapidly over the years, bringing benefits to the economy. However, Fintech also provides exposures that impact on the stability of the financial system. Accordingly, the legal framework is recognized and constructed by countries towards effective management of Fintech, ensuring fairness for innovation and development of Fintech, the stability of the Fintech system as well. The research reviwed the experiences of building a legal framework for Fintech activities in China, Singapore, Thailand and some other ASEAN countries, which focusing on two main aspects: Controlled Testing Mechanism and Legal Reform. Therefore, the lessons learned are to review and promulgate legal regulations on Fintech businesses, E-payment, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending and soon issue regulations on Sandbox the relevant legal lessons will be discussed to complete the legal framework for Fintech activities in Vietnam

Factors affecting brand attachment in the social media channels: Case of university in Vietnam

Originated from the reason that Hanoi University of Industry (HaUI)’s current social media network is still limited, specifically HaUI's Fanpage has not yet been green-checked, thereby leading to weak brand attachment have little impact on university admissions. From collecting data from information sources such as newspapers, social networking sites, the author has inherited previous studies to propose a research model and conduct quantitative research analysis. Through designing a survey questionnaire and randomly sending it to individuals who are studying and working at HaUI, specifically lecturers, staff and especially the university students. The study obtained 338 valid responses that were coded and cleaned using SPSS and AMOS software. After the cleaning and coding step, reliability testing, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted. The research has made a significant theoretical contribution in terms of the important mediation role of brand awareness, perceived quality and university reputation in the relationship between social media communication and brand attachment. From there, it also provided the practical contribution to improve the association of the brand with students, to perfectionate the social networking sites,to share positive things, interesting, attractive and relevant lessons.

Genomic surveillance during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic - country experience and lessons learned from Türkiye.

Türkiye confirmed its first case of SARS-CoV-2 on March 11, 2020, coinciding with the declaration of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, Türkiye swiftly increased testing capacity and implemented genomic sequencing in 2020. This paper describes Türkiye's journey of establishing genomic surveillance as a middle-income country with limited prior sequencing capacity and analyses sequencing data from the first two years of the pandemic. We highlight the achievements and challenges experienced and distill globally relevant lessons. We tracked the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Türkiye from December 2020 to February 2022 through a timeline and analysed epidemiological, vaccination, and testing data. To investigate the phylodynamic and phylogeographic aspects of SARS-CoV-2, we used Nextstrain to analyze 31,629 high-quality genomes sampled from seven regions nationwide. Türkiye's epidemiological curve, mirroring global trends, featured four distinct waves, each coinciding with the emergence and spread of variants of concern (VOCs). Utilizing locally manufactured kits to expand testing capacity and introducing variant-specific quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests developed in partnership with a private company was a strategic advantage in Türkiye, given the scarcity and fragmented global supply chain early in the pandemic. Türkiye contributed more than 86,000 genomic sequences to global databases by February 2022, ensuring that Turkish data was reflected globally. The synergy of variant-specific RT-qPCR kits and genomic sequencing enabled cost-effective monitoring of VOCs. However, data analysis was constrained by a weak sequencing sampling strategy and fragmented data management systems, limiting the application of sequencing data to guide the public health response. Phylodynamic analysis indicated that Türkiye's geographical position as an international travel hub influenced both national and global transmission of each VOC despite travel restrictions. This paper provides valuable insights into the testing and genomic surveillance systems adopted by Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic, proposing important lessons for countries developing national systems. The findings underscore the need for robust testing and sampling strategies, streamlined sample referral, and integrated data management with metadata linkage and data quality crucial for impactful epidemiological analysis. We recommend developing national genomic surveillance strategies to guide sustainable and integrated expansion of capacities built for COVID-19 and to optimize the effective utilization of sequencing data for public health action.

Integration of Sensing, Communication, and Computing for Metaverse: A Survey

The metaverse is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) -generated virtual world, in which people can game, work, learn, and socialize. The realization of metaverse not only requires a large amount of computing resources to realize the rendering of the virtual world, but also requires communication resources to realize real-time transmission of massive data to ensure a good user experience. The metaverse is currently moving from fiction to reality with the development of advanced technologies represented by AI, blockchain, extended reality, and Digital Twins (DT) . However, due to the shortage of communication as well as computing resources, how to realize secure and efficient data interaction between the virtual and the real is an important issue for the metaverse. In this article, we first discuss the characteristics and architecture of the metaverse and introduce its enabling technologies. To cope with the conflict between limited resources and user demands, the article next introduces an Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computing (SCC) technology and describes its basic principles and related characteristics of SCC. After that, solutions based on SCC in the metaverse scenarios are summarized and relevant lessons are summarized. Finally, we discuss some research challenges and open issues.

A case report of the implementation of a telestroke unit in a middle-income country: results and lessons learned from a Mexican pilot.

Objective: To present the results, barriers and facilitators of the implementation of a telestroke network in Mexico. Methods: A telestroke network was implemented to connect a rural hospital to a university hospital with stroke specialists. Patients in the rural hospital were assessed via telemedicine and stroke specialists evaluated and determined the care plan for the patient. The study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020. Stroke outcomes were measured from patients included in the study, including time to treatment and percentage of patients treated with thrombolysis. Interviews with key stakeholders involved in the program were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Thirteen patients were admitted during the study period, two (15%) patients were treated with thrombolytic therapy and received the treatment within the first two hours from hospital admission. The thematic analysis revealed four themes that contributed to barriers and facilitators to implementing the program: infrastructure, socio-organizational structure, governance, and financial and non-financial incentives. Conclusions: This case study provides relevant lessons for countries with similar characteristics, particularly those in the Latin America region. As telestroke networks continue to develop, it is important to consider these lessons to ensure end-users accept the implementation of telestroke without posing further burden while expanding access to thrombolysis in rural and remote areas.

Effective Tax Rates and Firm Size under Turnover Tax: Evidence from a Natural Experiment on SMEs

Abstract Taking advantage of Romania’s compulsory and unique presumptive tax system (turnover tax) for the smallest of the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which unequivocally allows grouping the companies into two subsamples according to their tax status (the smallest of the SMEs, i.e. micro-companies for tax purposes, subject to alternative turnover tax vs larger SMEs subject to regular profit tax), the papers compute and compare three versions of firm-specific effective tax rates and brings first-time empirical evidence on the effects of turnover taxation on corporate tax burden. The results show not only that in Romania, the turnover tax is now the prevailing tax system, massively displacing the profit tax, but also it is more burdensome in terms of taxes actually paid relative to the firm size. Moreover, turnover taxation means that taxes are due irrespective of the profitability of a company, making the share of companies who paid taxes despite having losses much higher for micro-companies than for larger SMEs, which translates into higher public finance receipts, at the cost of lower tax equity. Since the corporate tax burden triggered by turnover taxation remains under the radar of even the most qualified policy reports, the results offer relevant lessons for other jurisdictions and have valuable policy implications.

ANALISIS TUNJANGAN PROFESI PADA KINERJA GURU ASN DI SMKN 1 AMPELGADING KABUPATEN MALANG

The performance of civil servants is becoming an increasingly strategic policy issue, because improving the performance of the apparatus has broad implications in political economic life. This type of research is descriptive research. In conducting descriptive qualitative research, when collecting data in general a researcher can find research data in the form of words, pictures, data here are interview transcripts, field data notes, personal documents, cameras, notes, and others. There is a relationship between professional allowances and improved work performance, in the workplace environment. Teacher performance directly affects student learning outcomes. Teachers who are able to design challenging and relevant lessons, and provide constructive feedback, can improve students' understanding and academic achievement. It is concluded that the implementation of the ASN teacher performance allowance system at SMKN 1 Ampelgading is an important step in the effort to improve the quality of education. However, the success of this system cannot be guaranteed by providing financial incentives alone. The analysis of teacher performance allowance needs to involve a holistic approach that includes various aspects of teacher performance and its impact on the learning process.

Oncogenes and cancer associated thrombosis: what can we learn from single cell genomics about risks and mechanisms?

Single cell analysis of cancer cell transcriptome may shed a completely new light on cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). CAT causes morbid, and sometimes lethal complications in certain human cancers known to be associated with high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), pulmonary embolism (PE) or arterial thromboembolism (ATE), all of which worsen patients' prognosis. How active cancers drive these processes has long evaded scrutiny. While "unspecific" microenvironmental effects and consequences of patient care (e.g., chemotherapy) have been implicated in pathogenesis of CAT, it has also been suggested that oncogenic pathways driven by either genetic (mutations), or epigenetic (methylation) events may influence the coagulant phenotype of cancer cells and stroma, and thereby modulate the VTE/PE risk. Consequently, the spectrum of driver events and their downstream effector mechanisms may, to some extent, explain the heterogeneity of CAT manifestations between cancer types, molecular subtypes, and individual cases, with thrombosis-promoting, or -protective mutations. Understanding this molecular causation is important if rationally designed countermeasures were to be deployed to mitigate the clinical impact of CAT in individual cancer patients. In this regard, multi-omic analysis of human cancers, especially at a single cell level, has brought a new meaning to concepts of cellular heterogeneity, plasticity, and multicellular complexity of the tumour microenvironment, with profound and still relatively unexplored implications for the pathogenesis of CAT. Indeed, cancers may contain molecularly distinct cellular subpopulations, or dynamic epigenetic states associated with different profiles of coagulant activity. In this article we discuss some of the relevant lessons from the single cell "omics" and how they could unlock new potential mechanisms through which cancer driving oncogenic lesions may modulate CAT, with possible consequences for patient stratification, care, and outcomes.

2208. Ten years of the Irish National Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Registry Data

Abstract Background The Irish Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) programme, a national centrally administered outpatient antibiotic provision service was established in 2013 within the public hospital system and is operated by the Health Service Executive (HSE). Ireland is relatively unique in having a nationally coordinated OPAT programme with complete summary data since its establishment. Here we describe the programme usage over ten years and show the data can be used to identify important trends in national antimicrobial usage, including stewardship issues, with relevant lessons for other OPAT centres. Methods Using data extracted from the national electronic portal we describe summary statistics from January 2013 to December 2022 (10 years). Results Over the ten-year period 17,559 OPAT episodes were facilitated across 42 healthcare institutions. These episodes represented 14,955 unique care episodes with the remainder being extensions or changes to active episodes. 12388 episodes were home OPAT delivered by a healthcare worker versus 5170 self OPAT where patients were taught to self-administer the antimicrobials. The median OPAT duration of therapy was 14 days with an average of 19.9 days. The median age of a referred patient was 59 years with an average age of 56 years. The top five diagnoses of osteomyelitis, abscesses, cellulitis, bacteraemia, and pyelonephritis accounted for 53% of all referrals. 81.5% of patients were prescribed a single antimicrobial, 17.9% two agents and 0.6% three. Four antibiotics – ceftriaxone, daptomycin, cefazolin and flucloxacillin continuous infusion account of 59% of the 44 different antimicrobials prescribed via the programme. Five of the 42 healthcare institutions accounted for 57.25% of all OPAT prescriptions. The number of beds in a hospital was not the strongest predictor of OPAT usage. The total number of bed days saved in the 10-year period was 292,860. Conclusion Within a health system operating on 11,171 beds available per day, for a population of just over 5 million people, with an average daily running cost of €878 per acute bed, the National OPAT programme has already contributed to significant bed day and consequent financial savings. Starting an infectious diseases clinical service significantly increases OPAT utilisation rates. ID Specialist appointed to centre for first time in 2021 Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Revolutionary resistance against full autocratization. Actors and strategies of resistance after the 2021 military coup in Myanmar

Resistance against autocratization is an important contemporary issue that calls for increased scholarly attention. The global wave of autocratization has generated a proliferation of research on the drivers of autocratization, but fewer studies on the possibilities, strategies, spatialities, and effectiveness of resistance. This article responds to these knowledge needs through a case study of revolutionary resistance against full autocratization in Myanmar after the 2021 military coup. The article examines the junta's strategies for autocratic control, trace the development of the resistance movement and analyze its strategies, spatialities and effectiveness. The article shows that the coup has been followed by a mass resistance movement that is remarkably successful in countering the regime strategies for authoritarian consolidation and survival. We argue that this effectiveness rests on the movement's ability to deploy mutually reinforcing strategies of economic, symbolic, political, and armed resistance to contest the military's claims on state authority, legitimacy, economic resources, and monopoly of armed force. The Myanmar case thus confirms the centrality of civil resistance under full autocratization, but also points to the importance of insurgent political institutions and armed resistance to counter authoritarian repression, legitimation, and co-optation strategies. The case study also shows that the spatialities of resistance strategies – being both embedded in places and territories and extended through spatial networks and scalar strategies – are key contributors to the effectiveness of the movement. This broad mobilization behind a common revolutionary goal offers the best prospect for defeating military dictatorship in Myanmar and provides relevant lessons for similar cases elsewhere.

From cocoons to butterflies: Cross-cultural resilience of the first graduates of an international undergraduate pedagogy program at the University of Pécs

The University of Pécs, UP has a long tradition of training international students, and educational sciences related programs have a crucial role within this repertoire. Amongst these programs an undergraduate one, i.e. Pedagogy BA – Intercultural Educational Assistant Specialization was developed, authorized and issued in the middle of the Covid 2019 Pandemic.
 Due to the international nature of the program both its content and command must meet criteria of current standards, therefore it aims at fulfilling the ethos of the 2030 OECD Learning Compass. The first graduates received their degrees in July 2023, and are heading towards their future careers as educators – but are they armed with competences suggested by the OECD 2030 Learning Compass?
 Besides outlining the peculiarities of the program, and the ways its designers coped with the struggles of the circumstances of the pandemic years via the author’s (i.e. program manager’s) participative-observational narrative description, a brief interpretation of students’ cross cultural resilience is being introduced based on a survey carried out amongst the first graduates. Their feedback is overall positive regarding the development of their own self-perceived cross cultural resilience. Also, it may be concluded that the newly introduced major could cope with the challenges that occurred during the years of the Pandemic.
 The practical significance of this report is obvious, as it reflects on relevant lessons that may be learnt by the management of the program and initiators of future programs alike. It also calls attention to the significance of the learner’s role shift that may be attached to the OECD 2030 Learning Compass framework.

Live and Let Die - Battle Stories of Gamified Sustainable Consumption App Creators

Background Although gamified sustainable consumption apps (SCAs) have been on the rise, only a few have survived longer than two years. While most existing research focuses on how gamification contributes to engagement and the formation of more sustainable consumption habits, there is little about how their survival is secured. Intervention’s Purpose Twenty-one SCA creators shared their considerations and experiences managing SCAs, providing valuable insights into the field of gamified sustainable consumption and practical insights for their stakeholders. Methods Ideal-type and narrative analyses of the interviews unraveled some relevant survival strategies and lessons learned. Results The creators' motivation and background play a role in the app's survival. Their experiences exposed several aspects affecting their gamification strategies and their relevance for the apps, highlighting traps to avoid and opportunities to improve their standing in an increasingly competitive market. Discussion Most creators shared stories of “learn as you go,” presenting how the flexibility to adjust the apps' business models rather than the creators’ professional background is a critical success factor. Since their apps represent their understanding of sustainability, SCA creators should find practical and emotional ways to engage their users while considering the objectives of their apps. Conclusion Awareness of the risks and pitfalls when creating an SCA may not be enough for successfully undertaking this enterprise. The creators should be capable of strategically plan for all the activities that creating and managing an SCA convey even before the app is conceptualized.

Public Health Responses to Homelessness During COVID-19 in Ireland: Implications for Health Reform

The intersection between health and homelessness is well documented and has been made more explicit since the onset of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). In the Global North, COVID-19 related public health responses targeting homeless populations have varied across countries, including greater national-level financial investment, temporarily housing those in congregate facilities in ‘self-contained’ accommodation, time-limited eviction moratoriums and dedicated health system interventions across homelessness and addiction services to enable social distancing and self-isolation. Yet questions remain about the immediate and longer-term outcomes of these newly implemented responses and whether they will be sustained. Such considerations are critical and timely in countries such as Ireland, where significant health reform is underway. In this paper, we use Ireland as a case study to explore whether and how public health responses to homelessness during COVID-19 hold important insights for the development of more effective health policy. Drawing on publicly available Irish data, we present a secondary analysis of COVID-19 infection rates amongst homelessness service users as well as trends in emergency accommodation usage between 2020 and 2021. Focusing specifically on public health measures implemented during the pandemic via the health and housing systems, respectively, we discuss how such interventions may have impacted on these homelessness figures in both intended and unexpected ways. We conclude by teasing out and unpacking relevant lessons for health reform.

I've Got Your Back! the Importance of Care in Student Teaching in Urban Environments

Research has found that the use of culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) can improve academic outcomes for students in urban environments. As teacher educators, we are driven by such findings to understand how to best prepare teacher education students to enact CRP. The Elementary Education department in our university offers an urban immersive program that is meant to prepare students to engage in CRP and work successfully with children from a variety of backgrounds. To investigate what helped students in our program successfully enact CRP, we conducted a series of interviews after they completed the program. While we found that not all of our students enacted CRP, we discovered that our participants valued feeling cared for, and we utilized Nel Noddings’ ethic of care to understand how that care helps our preservice teachers (PSTs) care for their students in a way that could lead to the creation of culturally relevant lessons.

The conflicts of ecological transition on the ground and the role of eco-social policies: Lessons from Italian case studies

This paper analyzes the complexity of social-ecological transition policies and processes, focusing on trade-offs and emerging conflicts engendered by combined environmental-social-technological programmes and innovations. To date, there has been only limited focus in the literature on empirical cases, analyzing the ecological transition, distributive effects, social risks and policies to counter them. To help fill this gap, the paper discusses three qualitative case studies as part of a research project on social cohesion in ecological transitions in Tuscany, Italy. In particular, it examines the ongoing transition strategies and practices, bringing out several aspects that highlight the sources of controversies among actors and the contextual variability and complexity of their ‘playgrounds’, namely: (1) the role of time, space and relational patterns, and ensuing problems of governance, coordination and synchronization; (2) the way in which institutional and technological transformations are embedded in trans-contextual relations and conflicts; (3) the role of different sources and kinds of knowledge in supporting or hampering the ecological transitions; and (4) the shifting balances between top-down strategies and regulation, and bottom-up processes of civic associations and social movements. The paper then analyzes the attempts to provide social security by means of more or less explicitly designed eco-social policies and practices, highlighting some relevant lessons learned and methodological recommendations for future sustainable welfare design.

Tracheostomy-Assisted Foreign Body Removal: Insights From a Case Series and Literature Review.

Foreign body aspiration into the trachea is a common occurrence in children. While most foreign bodies in the airways can be removed using rigid tracheoscopy, there are instances where tracheostomy or tracheotomy is needed. This article presents a series of cases in which tracheostomy was necessary to remove foreign bodies, and summarizes the relevant experiences and lessons learned. We reviewed a total of 7 cases in which tracheostomy and rigid tracheoscopy were combined for foreign body removal out of a larger cohort of 1559 cases at Shenzhen Children's Hospital in Guangdong, China over a 20-year period. The combined use of tracheostomy and rigid tracheoscopy resulted in successful removal of foreign bodies in all 7 patients reviewed in this study. Six patients developed complications of tracheotomy, mainly including mediastinal emphysema (5/7), subcutaneous emphysema (3/7), and pneumothorax (1/7). Tracheotomy was temporary in all patients. In cases where a foreign body in the trachea is too large or has irregular, sharp edges, is embedded in submucosal tissues with edema, cannot be passed smoothly through the vocal cords, or local endoscopic facilities are inadequate, a tracheotomy may be necessary. However, this approach should be used with caution, and close collaboration with anesthesiologists and careful management of intraoperative emergencies are crucial for improving the success rate of the procedure. Additionally, the complications should be noted, paying particular attention to early complications such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and bleeding.