Relevant Categories Research Articles

МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ ПРИ ПРОХОЖДЕНИИ АТТЕСТАЦИИ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КВАЛИФИКАЦИОННОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ»

Significance. Specifics of the work of medical professionals in some specialties are not accounted for by legally mandated requirements for certified specialists. It is necessary to specify methodology for certifying specialists for each of the approved nomenclature of medical specialties, including “Health Organization and Public Health” in order to improve performance efficiency of attestation commissions. The purpose of the study is to develop methodology for certifying health professionals with "Healthcare organization and public health" qualification category. Material and methods. The methodological basis of the study is presented by regulatory information analysis, and the method of expert assessments. Results. Based on the results of the analysis of normative legal documents and available literature, a methodology was developed to certify health specialists with "Health Organization and Public Health" qualification category. Within the framework of this methodology, the main and additional criteria that are potentially applicable for certifying specialists in health organization and public health were identified, and an evaluation gradation of these criteria was developed. The opinion of 35 specialists with at least a five-year experience in health organization collected through a specially designed questionnaire were analyzed using the expert assessment method. The experts were asked to evaluate the methodology for certifying health specialists for "Health organization and public health" qualification category identifying significance of individual criteria on a rank scale from 1 to 6 and grading their values according to the qualification category. In general, the experts' opinion coincides with the proposed methodology. Based on the results of the expert evaluation, the most significant criteria have been highlighted. Conclusion. The methodology for certifying health specialists with "Health organization and public health" qualification category is based on current normative and legal acts and makes it possible to subjectively certify a specialist with the relevant qualification category. A further opinion evaluation of specialists in health organization is needed to decide on the feasibility of using the developed methodology for certifying medical specialist with “Health Organization and Public Health” qualification category. Scope of application. The study results can be used by certification commissions for attesting medical specialists for "Health organization and public health" qualification category.

Primary adenocarcinoma of colon: A clinicopathological study with the prevalence and correlation of CDX2 biomarker expression - A tertiary care center experience.

Colorectal cancer is one of the alarming health problems worldwide. Prognostic biomarkers are the key for risk stratification in patients with colon cancer and the decision to recommend adjuvant chemotherapy. It has been difficult to identify a single prognostic biomarker for colon cancer. Currently, tumor stage, tumor grade, and microsatellite instability remain the most important prognostic variables that aid in the treatment of patients with colon cancer. Some studies highlighted that CDX2 immunohistochemistry negativity is an independent prognostic factor and indicates a worse survival rate. Our aim was to study the prevalence of CDX2 biomarker expression in patients diagnosed with primary adenocarcinoma and to correlate this with the clinical profile and pathological features. Endoscopic mucosal biopsies and resection specimens of 148 patients diagnosed with colonic adenocarcinoma were analyzed. CDX2 immunohistochemistry was performed, and the result was correlated with clinicopathological features. The results were presented as mean, frequencies, and percentages. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to assess the associations between clinicopathological parameters and CDX2 immunohistochemistry negativity. The prevalence of CDX2 expression by immunohistochemistry in colon cancer was found to be 92%. CDX2 biomarker negativity was found to be higher in left-sided colon cancers, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and higher TNM stages. CDX2-negative tumors are often associated with several adverse prognostic variables (e.g., advanced stage, poor differentiation, and metastasis). Thus, sub-classification of colon cancer based on the CDX2 biomarker aids to separate them into prognostically relevant categories.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ПЕРЕЖИВАНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ И ПОСТПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ COVID-19: СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ

The article presents results of a research in social experiences of young men and women studying at pedagogical universities in Russia and China during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic (N = 163). The authors demonstrated and empirically substantiated sociocultural differences in empathic response, as well as emotional sensitivity to social phenomena and aesthetic standards as signs for the formation of social experiences in adolescence. Russian young men and women demonstrate a higher level of empathic response (the difference values according to the Mann–Whitney U test are statistically significant), while Chinese students are characterized by a pronounced emotional involvement and a differentiated emotional assessment of socio-psychological phenomena (the difference values according to the Pearson chi-squared test are statistically significant). It is stated that relevant categories connected with self-image and understandings of sociopsychological phenomena become the emotional personality representations of Russian and Chinese student youth. That is most clearly expressed in emotionally sensitive periods of social upheavals, crises, and pandemics.

Beyond Efficiency and Consistency – Achieving Sustainability through Service-enabled Sufficiency

Sustainability is one of the central topics in service research. The principle of sufficiency is an important driver of sustainability and can inform the development of services. This conceptual paper takes a business actors’ perspective by developing a services for sufficiency framework that integrates different sufficiency categories with relevant categories of resource-intensive goods and goods-related services. It shows how service offerings can promote sufficiency and identifies main clusters of services for sufficiency. This framework offers a starting point for business development and a rapid overview of concrete services for sufficiency.

Scalable computational algorithms for geospatial COVID-19 spread using high performance computing.

A nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) based compartmental model of COVID-19 provides a continuous trace of infection over space and time. Finer resolutions in the spatial discretization, the inclusion of additional model compartments and model stratifications based on clinically relevant categories contribute to an increase in the number of unknowns to the order of millions. We adopt a parallel scalable solver that permits faster solutions for these high fidelity models. The solver combines domain decomposition and algebraic multigrid preconditioners at multiple levels to achieve the desired strong and weak scalabilities. As a numerical illustration of this general methodology, a five-compartment susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased (SEIRD) model of COVID-19 is used to demonstrate the scalability and effectiveness of the proposed solver for a large geographical domain (Southern Ontario). It is possible to predict the infections for a period of three months for a system size of 186 million (using 3200 processes) within 12 hours saving months of computational effort needed for the conventional solvers.

До проблеми визначення суті поняття «суспільний інтерес» у контексті етичної складової роботи обліковців і аудиторів

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of the concept of «public interest» in the context of the ethical component of the work of accountants and auditors. In the process of preparing the article, such general scientific methods as generalization, analysis, synthesis, tabular, and monographic methods were used. According to the results of the study, it is found that the central place in the professional ethics of an accountant and auditor is occupied by the concept of «public interest». The International Federation of Accountants formulates the purpose of its activities as service to the public interest, which is defined as net benefit and procedural rigor in the public interest (in the broad sense) in relation to actions, decisions, and policies. It is defined that public interest is a multidimensional and multi-level concept that covers a wide range of stakeholders (this is the manifestation of the «publicity» of interest), also the values, aspirations, and expectations of stakeholders to increase the level of economic certainty, preserve the economic resources of owners, increase the level of efficiency of corporate governance in the public sphere, and preserve natural resources. The article focuses on the consideration that the issue of determining the essence of public interest remains insufficiently studied. The Law of Ukraine «On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine» does not define the concept of «public interest», but there is a distinction between the categories of enterprises that are of public interest. Such enterprises are subject to increased requirements for disclosure of reporting and proving its reliability. Contemporary studies of the results of activities of public interest enterprises allow us to assert that there are problems with the efficiency of the use of resources, compliance with legislation in the field of accounting and reporting. These problems are of particular relevance in the light of the fact that enterprises of public interest constitute the core of the economic development of the national economy. The directions of further scientific research are outlined, i. e. the analysis of the reflection of public interest in the reporting of the relevant category of enterprises in various sectors of economic activity, organizational and legal forms and different forms of ownership.

Профіль сенсибілізації до алергенних компонентів у пацієнтів з респіраторною алергічною патологією

Abstract. Respiratory allergic diseases, which include allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, are a serious medical and social problem worldwide due to their high prevalence and negative impact on the quality of life of the relevant category of patients. The development of respiratory allergy pathology is usually caused by inhaled allergens, which are divided into seasonal: tree, grass or weed pollen, as well as year-round — house dust mites, mold, pet epithelium. But at the same time, respiratory manifestations of allergic pathology are often combined with its non-respiratory manifestations, which affects the profile of sensitization of patients to various allergens and requires a personalized approach to specific allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to study the profile of sensitization to the components of various allergens in patients with respiratory allergic pathology. Materials and methods. The results of a multiplex study (determination of specific IgE to 112 allergenic proteins using the ImmunoCap ISAC test system) in 291 patients who applied to the Clinic of Allergology and Immunology “Forpost” with signs of respiratory allergic pathology were analyzed. Results. Among the seasonal allergens, the most frequent causes of sensitization were spring tree proteins (PR10) — Bet v1, timothy and meadow grasses Phl p1, and ragweed Amb a1. Among year-round allergens, sensitization to the major allergenic component of cats — uteroglobin Fel d1, major components of house dust mites and mold fungi Alternaria alternata was most often detected. Among the allergenic proteins of dogs, sensitization to urinary kallikrein Can f5 was most common. The vast majority of examined patients also had sensitization to food allergens of three main groups of proteins — thermolabile proteins (PR10), lipid transport proteins (LTP), or tropomyosin. Conclusions. In the structure of sensitization among adult patients, the main components of pollen allergens of spring trees (Bet v1), meadow grasses (Phl p1) and ragweed (Amb a1) play an important role. Year-round allergens include cat allergens (Fel d1), house dust mites (Der р1, Der f1, Der p2, Der f2) and Alternaria alternata mold (Alt a1). In patients with hypersensitivity to dog and house dust mite allergens, it is necessary to determine the presence of antibodies to such important components as Can f5 and Der p23. Sensitization to minor components of allergens was detected much less often, however, the appropriate determination of antibodies to them is also important, as it affects the choice of patient treatment tactics. Sensitization to food products in persons with respiratory allergic diseases is due to cross-properties of inhaled and food allergens due to PR10, LTP and tropomyosin molecules.

Low dimensional measurement of vowels using machine perception.

A method is presented for combining the feature extraction power of neural networks with model based dimensionality reduction to produce linguistically motivated low dimensional measurements of sounds. This method works by first training a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict linguistically relevant category labels from the spectrograms of sounds. Then, idealized models of these categories are defined as probability distributions in a low dimensional measurement space with locations chosen to reproduce, as far as possible, the perceptual characteristics of the CNN. To measure a sound, the point is found in the measurement space for which the posterior probability distribution over categories in the idealized model most closely matches the category probabilities output by the CNN for that sound. In this way, the feature learning power of the CNN is used to produce low dimensional measurements. This method is demonstrated using monophthongal vowel categories to train this CNN and produce measurements in two dimensions. It is also shown that the perceptual characteristics of this CNN are similar to those of human listeners.

The concept Muslim: discourses in Bosnian, Croatian, German and Serbian webcorpora

The aim of this contribution is to examine the meaning of the word musliman or German Muslim and to answer the question whether the meaning of this word in a dictionary can be mapped by means of classical distributional analysis, and whether further meanings can be captured by this method. In addition, a simple method for a distributional semantic analysis is presented. The basis of the investigation is the assumption common in corpus–based semantics and lexicography that the meaning of words can be interpreted from the context and thus polysemy and synonymy can be recognized. The article examines four web corpora for Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and German. First, the context is analysed, assuming that the syntactic structures in the context are themselves inherently meaningful. Specifically, adjective attributes are used to analyse properties of the keyword, coordination partners as indicators for relevant categories, verbs with the keyword as subject and accusative object as indicators for typical actions the keyword performs or is target of. In a second step, the lexemes that occur in these four contexts are clustered and the semantic dimensions of the keyword are determined. The results suggest that the distributional method can in principle map dictionary definitions well. However, this is mainly true for contexts which involve attributes and coordination but not for action–related syntactic configurations. Overall, the most salient semantic dimensions of the lexeme are those pertaining to members of a religious community, members of a regional ethnic group, and experienced or induced aggression. Here, the four corpora differ considerably: while German usage almost exclusively focuses on religion–related aspects, the other corpora also contain ethnic/regional components, as well as the discourse of aggression. This aggression is mainly verbal in German, but physical in the other corpora. Neutral meaning components for the word musliman are salient only in the Bosnian corpus.

Complex active sonar targets recognition using variable length deep convolutional neural network evolved by biogeography-based optimizer

Due to heterogeneous sound propagation conditions and fluctuating ambient noises, conventional handcrafted feature extraction methods represent poor results and high complexity in underwater sonar wave recognition tasks. In order to address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a hybrid metaheuristic deep learning-based approach. However, model depth may vary under different underwater ocean conditions. The deeper the model, the greater the number of hyperparameters, challenging the search space. It is crucial to have an efficient algorithm that can obtain an accurate model in a reasonable time. Therefore, this paper proposes the Variable-Length Habitat Biogeography-Based Optimizer (VLHBBO) to tune the hyperparameters of a deep conventional neural network. Given that there is no appropriate dataset for training the proposed model, experimental underwater scattering measurement is conducted on several target and non-target objects of the same size in the east of the Persian Gulf and the west of the Oman Sea. Furthermore, this study uses the benchmark datasets obtained from the New Array Technology III program as test datasets. The performance of the proposed model is compared to other underwater target classifiers in terms of eight metrics. The classification results indicate that the proposed VLBBO-DCNN classifier can effectively classify underwater sonar waves into relevant categories.

Informal Employment in Modern Russia: Old Problems and New Realities

Despite the serious measures taken in the country to reduce informal employment, this area remains a significant segment of the Russian labor market. At the same time, both the terminology used and the quantitative parameters of informal employment remain unclear. In recent years, the problem of informal employment in Russia has become more acute due to the active and noticeably accelerated development of information and communication technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of new forms of non-standard employment, such as freelancing, platform employment, self-employment, outstaffing, etc. These forms do not yet have a clear and unambiguous interpretation, but they also have a significant “shadow” component. Currently, large-scale economic sanctions have been added to the existing problems, giving rise to the so-called "sanctions crisis", the impact of which on all segments of the domestic labor market, including its informal part, may be significant and ambiguous. In conclusion, the article draws attention to the need to develop a clear interpretation of the term "informal employment" as well as clear distinction and regulation of the statuses of platform employment, freelancing, and self-employment, also in order to provide the relevant categories of workers with social guarantees. In connection with the problem under consideration, a critical analysis of the proposals developed by the Russian Ministry of Labor and Social Protection for a new law on employment in the Russian Federation has been carried out.

Modern threats and ways to secure web applications.

The complexity of the developed web applications is growing every year, which, in turn, makes it difficult to ensure their security. That is why it is advisable to pay special attention to the critical problems of software protection. The ability to assess risks and prevent vulnerabilities at the product design stage is an extremely important task, which reduces the potential difficulties in the operation of the application. In recent years, the number of data breaches in all market sectors has decreased, but their consequences have become more dangerous. Among all attacks, attacks on web applications account for more than 50 percent. According to the OWASP Top Ten list of the vulnerabilities, the relevant categories of vulnerabilities and directions of attacks on existing web applications were worked out in the work. Effective ways of their prevention are considered. Recommendations for implementing and maintaining the security of applications developed using the ReactJS library are provided. The most common security threats to React-based products throughout the application life cycle have been identified. Modern way of ReactJS optimization are considered.

Green batteries for clean skies: Sustainability assessment of lithium‐sulfur all‐solid‐state batteries for electric aircraft

AbstractThe use of novel battery technologies in short‐haul electric aircraft can support the aviation sector in achieving its goals for a sustainable development. However, the production of the batteries is often associated with adverse environmental and socio‐economic impacts, potentially leading to burden shifting. Therefore, this paper investigates alternative technologies for lithium–sulfur all‐solid‐state batteries (LiS‐ASSBs) in terms of their contribution to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). We propose a new approach that builds on life cycle sustainability assessment and links the relevant impact categories to the related SDGs. The approach is applied to analyze four LiS‐ASSB configurations with different solid electrolytes, designed for maximum specific energy using an electrochemical model. They are compared to a lithium–sulfur battery with a liquid electrolyte as a benchmark. The results of our cradle‐to‐gate analysis reveal that the new LiS‐ASSB technologies generally have a positive contribution to SDG achievement. However, the battery configuration with the best technical characteristics is not the most promising in terms of SDG achievement. Especially variations from the technically optimal cathode thickness can improve the SDG contribution. A sensitivity analysis shows that the results are rather robust against the weighting factors within the SDG quantification method.

Estimated versus observed 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular event rates in a rural population-based health initiative: The Heart of New Ulm Project

ObjectiveAssess discrepancy between estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and observed 10-year event rates in a rural population participating in cardiovascular health initiative. MethodsThe study included a rural sample of individuals participating in the Heart of New Ulm (HONU), a population-based health initiative aimed at reducing ASCVD risk in a rural community. HONU conducted over 100 baseline screening events with 5221 individuals participating in 2009. For this analysis, we included participants who were aged 40–79 years, free of ASCVD at baseline, and had adequate data to calculate 10-year ASCVD risk. Electronic health record data and state death records were used to determine rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke, and ASCVD death from 2010–2019. ASCVD event rates were compared to estimated 10-year risks calculated using the Pooled Cohort Equations, stratified by sex and clinically relevant risk categories. ResultsThe sample (n = 2819, mean ± SD age 56.1 ± 9.9 years, 59.6% female) had a low prevalence of tobacco use (8.1% current smokers) and diabetes (6.5%) and a high prevalence of hypertension (44.4%) and hyperlipidemia (56.6%). The median estimated 10-year ASCVD risk for the entire sample was 5.7% (IQR 2.3–13.5%) with an observed 10-year ASCVD event rate of 3.4%. The largest gap between observed and estimated risk was in those at intermediate/high (≥7.5%) ASCVD risk (median 10-year risk 15.8% [IQR 10.4–29.0], observed ASCVD event rate 6.4%). ConclusioIn a sample of rural participants exposed to a multifaceted ASCVD prevention initiative, observed rates of ASCVD were substantially lower compared to estimated ASCVD risk. The potential for significantly lower than predicted ASCVD event rates in certain populations should be included in the clinician-patient risk discussion.

Abstracts of the Cell Therapy Transplant Canada 2022 Annual Conference.

On behalf of Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC), we are pleased to present the Abstracts of the CTTC 2022 Annual Conference. The conference was held in-person 15-18 June 2022, in Niagara Falls, Ontario. Poster authors presented their work during a lively and engaging welcome reception on Thursday, 16 June, and oral abstract authors were featured during the oral abstract session in the afternoon on Friday, 17 June 2022. Thirty-three (33) abstracts were selected for presentation as posters and six (6) as oral presentations. The top abstracts in each of four (4) categories, (1) Basic/Translational sciences, (2) Clinical Trials/Observations, (3) Laboratory/Quality, and (4) Pharmacy/Nursing/Other Transplant Support, received awards for both the oral and poster presentations. All of these were marked as "Award Recipient" with the relevant category. We congratulate all the presenters on their research and contribution to the field.

Equilibrium climate sensitivity increases with aerosol concentration due to changes in precipitation efficiency

Abstract. How Earth's climate reacts to anthropogenic forcing is one of the most burning questions faced by today's scientific community. A leading source of uncertainty in estimating this sensitivity is related to the response of clouds. Under the canonical climate-change perspective of forcings and feedbacks, the effect of anthropogenic aerosols on clouds is categorized under the forcing component, while the modifications of the radiative properties of clouds due to climate change are considered in the feedback component. Each of these components contributes the largest portion of uncertainty to its relevant category and is largely studied separately from the other. In this paper, using idealized cloud-resolving radiative–convective-equilibrium simulations, with a slab ocean model, we show that aerosol–cloud interactions could affect cloud feedback. Specifically, we show that equilibrium climate sensitivity increases under high aerosol concentration due to an increase in the short-wave cloud feedback. The short-wave cloud feedback is enhanced under high-aerosol conditions due to a stronger increase in the precipitation efficiency with warming, which can be explained by higher sensitivity of the droplet size and the cloud water content to the CO2 concentration rise. These results indicate a possible connection between cloud feedback and aerosol–cloud interactions.

Nemzetközi Rendészeti Figyelő VIII.

Aim: The aim of the briefing notes on foreign law enforcement literature is to find sources that provide thought-provoking messages for researchers. All the reviews in issue VIII have this virtue.Methodology: Among the theoretical subjects, it is worth noting that the autonomy of police science and its close relationship with public administration is a matter of debate. The problem can be read about in József Beke’s review. Tibor Bánáti stresses the importance of scientifically proven methodology when he talks about recommendations on interrogation tactics which, without a solid and proven theoretical basis, could jeopardise the effectiveness of investigations. Elliot Aronson and Carol Tavris wrote about the obstacle of establishing the material truth in their book published in 2009 in Hungarian. In criminology, methodological requirements are the so-called Daubert criteria: scientifically proven methodology, published results, setting of error margins, critical reception. Findings: The demanding research work cannot avoid uncovering the dysfunctions of the institutions, especially when such serious issues arise as discrimination appearing in the actions of the authorities, which can only be curbed after a thorough investigation. Bernadett Bacsó’s paper provides information on this endeavour. The phenomenon of prejudice against the Islamic religion and against citizens of Muslim origin often arises. Krisztián Kakócz quotes an author who warns that sometimes it is our lack of kno wledge of concepts that lies behind exclusionary attitudes towards foreigners. There are lessons to be learnt from a dogmatic analysis of the legal concepts of trafficking and smuggling, especially when combined with a criminological perspective. The delineation of guilt and vulnerability in the relevant crime categories can only be successful in this way, as confirmed by the foreign research presented by Mónika Herczeg. The Observer concludes with a presentation by Tamás Molnár on the criminology of climate change. He describes a book that „clearly points to the fact that the prevailing socio-economic and ideological interests and the system that serves them pose the greatest threat to the environment.” Ferenc Irk, the most prominent domestic practitioner of the topic, has recently published a book on the metamorphosis of the exploitation of man and his environment.Value: Foreign literature emphasises the most important virtues of law enforcement research when it affirms the autonomy of scientific thinking and the responsibility of the researcher, and requires a well-established, widely published methodology that takes into account the margins of error. According to the definition in Volume XVIII of Révai’s Great Dictionary, science is „a system of critically validated, i.e. true, knowledge about a subject.” Autonomy does not tolerate the silencing of critical discourse, and the assumption of responsibility is a precondition for theory to develop solutions in cooperation with practice in order to avoid infringing and ineffective official interventions.

М. Бахтин и Г. Шпет в контексте герменевтики и теории коммуникации: наследие и перспективы исследований

M. M. Bakhtin and G. G. Shpet play an important role in the history of the humanities in Russia. Their philosophical views correspond to the time of their lives and generally reflect the tendencies in the development of the humanities in the first half of the twentieth century. The authors of the article demonstrate a close connection and a certain continuity of philosophical views and principled positions in the theoretical concepts of G. G. Shpet and M. M. Bakhtin. This concerns not only common scientific origins and common preferences in their contemporary scientific research, but, above all, conceptual convergence in a number of fundamental issues that unite both scientists by the framework of hermeneutics and, more specifically, the hermeneutical model of communication. This concerns common views on the methodology of humanitarian knowledge, the methodology of cognition, the intersubjectivity of understanding, an interest in the dynamics of development, co-being and deed, an attitude to the word as a sign, to contextualization as a condition of finding meaning, an attitude to speech as a deed, its belonging to the author, in general - an interest in the practice of social interaction between people, etc. The theories of G.G. Shpet and M.M. Bakhtin, each in its own way, are valuable, multifaceted and not fully exhausted in terms of scientific potential, projection and influence on modern humanitarian science. The authors insist on the need to consider the hermeneutic component of the works of M.M. Bakhtin and G.G. Shpet in tandem, using the methodology of comparative and comparative analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the way in which M.M. Bakhtin developed and used in his works the principles of H.G. Shpet's hermeneutics, in particular his hermeneutic model of communication, extending it with the cultural component and extending "to all the sign phenomena of intellectual life". Of great scientific interest is the comprehensive (comparative) study of all the scientific works of M.M. Bakhtin and G.G. Shpet as an aggregate phenomenon in the history of Russian (Soviet) philosophy, including its relationship to communicativism. Such a study, in the opinion of the authors, is extremely needed and could yield useful results right now. The key concepts of G.G. Shpet and M.M. Bakhtin's theories - personality, uniqueness, identity, individuality, word, value, deed, responsibility, understanding, dialogue - become more than relevant scientific categories and targets of the dynamics of world and society development from the perspective of all forms and aspects of globalization we are experiencing, in conditions of radical nationalism and populism, with regard to modern trends in international relations and social interaction.

Classification of Different Medical Images Using Neural Network Approach

Objectives: This work aims to design model for classification and selection of medical images by using the Convolution Neural Network technique with higher accuracy. Methods: Classification of the digital images into relevant categories like X-ray, CT, MRI is implemented using convolution neural network. At the initial stage total 7560 different medical images are given as input. These images are applied to the classifier. These images are passed through different levels of CNN. Findings: This method identifies medical images and separates into different categories i.e., X-ray, CT, MRI using convolution neural network. Accuracy calculated using this method is 99.01%. This method gives better results as compared to other machine learning methods i.e. Support vector machines. Program is written in python language using Jupiter Notebook. Novelty: Total 7560 images of different category are given as input. Convolutional Neural network approach gives good accuracy of 99.01% as compared to other machine learning approaches. Keywords: Deep learning; Confusion matrix; Machine learning; Computer Tomography (CT); Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

МЕТОДИКА АНТИКОРРУПЦИОННОГО АУДИТА: ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ

The article actualizes the problem of conducting an anti-corruption audit as a way to identify corruption risks and a tool for preventing corruption manifestations both in the field of public administration and in the implementation of commercial activities. The main stages of the anti-corruption audit methodology are highlighted and characterized: planning the audit; verification (on-site data collection); drawing up a report on the results of the audit (reporting); development of corrective measures (elimination of consequences and verification of implementation). The methods of conducting anti-corruption audit are disclosed: data collection is obtaining reliable information on the implementation of anti-corruption measures; observation is a purposeful and systematic perception of processes and phenomena in the field of combating corruption, the results of which are recorded by an observer (auditor, expert); Evaluation is a process aimed at identifying (as systematically and objectively as possible) the appropriateness, effectiveness, productivity, value (added value), sustainability of anti-corruption measures and / or the impact of their intervention; forecast is a judgment about the likely state of anti-corruption activities based on special scientific research (forecasting).
 Special attention is paid to such anti-corruption audit techniques as: conducting anti-corruption expertise; voluntary assessment of knowledge of anti-corruption legislation is traditionally associated with testing the relevant categories of workers and employees; voluntary psychophysiological research using a polygraph; use of focus groups; analysis of messages from citizens received on hot lines about corruption facts; the state of posting on the official websites of federal executive bodies in the information and telecommunications network «Internet» up-to-date information on measures to prevent and combat corruption.