During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, reported cancer cases declined in the Nordic countries, potentially reflecting delays in cancer diagnosis. We compared 1-year relative survival (RS) and excess mortality of patients diagnosed with cancer in the Nordic countries in March-December 2020 with that expected based on patients diagnosed in 2011-2019. We used flexible parametric RS models, defining excess mortality as the difference in total mortality between patients with cancer and the national population without cancer. We report the ratio between the observed and expected excess mortality (EMR) and the difference in 1-year RS in percentage points (pp) by country, age, sex, and cancer site. Excess mortality of patients diagnosed during the pandemic was increased in all Nordic countries except Iceland. Swedish men had the highest EMR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.06, 1.17), corresponding to a 1.4 pp reduction in 1-year RS (87.1%-85.8%). In women, the highest EMR was 1.10 (95% CI 1.03, 1.18) in Norway, corresponding to a 1-year RS decrease of 1.2 pp (86.6%-85.5%). The largest site-specific decreases in 1-year RS were observed for liver cancer in Finnish and Swedish men, with decreases of 10.2 pp (45.3%-35.1%) and 7.2 pp (55.7%-48.5%), respectively. We found reduced 1-year RS among Nordic patients diagnosed with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, especially in older patients and those with aggressive cancers. These reductions coincided with restrictions and potential delays in seeking healthcare.

Five-year relative survival for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved, reflecting therapeutic advances, but prognosis beyond five years post-diagnosis is less understood. We introduced a method to estimate trends in conditional survival, the probability of further survival given survival to a specific time. We developed a Landmarked joinpoint survival (JPSurv) model that employs data beginning at a pre-specified follow-up interval. We apply this approach to NHL (overall and by major subtype) and CML survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. We estimated calendar trends in both 5-year relative survival and 5-year conditional relative survival (given survival to 5 years) using annual absolute changes in survival represented by percentage points (pp) over a time frame. The largest annual increases in 5-year relative survival were observed for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (+2.44 pp 1995-2002) and CML (+2.52 pp 1996-2011). Five-year conditional relative survival improved most for CML (+1.79 pp 1985-2016), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (+0.80 pp 1988-2016), and follicular lymphoma (+80 pp 1990-2016). For patients diagnosed after 2010, 5-year conditional relative survival was approximately 90% for all cancers studied. Both 5-year relative survival and 5-year conditional relative survival improved substantially, reflecting advances in therapy and long-term patient outcomes. The Landmarked JPSurv model is a novel framework for conditional survival analysis that can be used to inform survivorship research, offering insight into lasting treatment effects and the likelihood of patients obtaining a sustained remission.

Surface-displayed MCP-3 vaccine in Bacillus subtilis elicits protective immune responses against LMBV infection in largemouth bass.

Childhood cancers are rare but clinically significant. Monitoring incidence and survival trends is essential for evaluating progress in cancer control and identifying areas for improvement. We analyzed cancer incidence and survival trends among individuals aged 0-19 years in Korea using data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2020. Cancer types were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition (ICCC-3). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated. Relative survival rates (RSRs) were estimated and compared with data from the US. A total of 34,223 cancer cases were identified during the study period. The overall ASR was 151.3 per million person-years, with a significant increasing trend (APC 1.5%). Leukemias were the most common diagnostic group (ASR 43.7), followed by central nervous system tumors and lymphomas. Between 2001-2010 and 2011-2020, the 5-year and 10-year RSRs improved from 75.2% to 84.8% and from 72.7% to 82.7%, respectively. The largest survival gains were observed in leukemia (14.9 percentage points) and neuroblastoma (13.1 percentage points). Compared to SEER data, Korea showed similar overall survival trends, although differences remained by cancer type and age group. The incidence of childhood and adolescent cancers in Korea has increased, while survival has significantly improved over the past two decades. These findings highlight substantial progress in pediatric cancer care, while underscoring the need for targeted efforts for specific cancer subtypes and age groups.

Epidemiology and immunoprophylaxis of lactococcosis in European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): A comprehensive study from Egyptian Aquaculture.

Relative survival rate over twenty years of follow-up in younger patients with STEMI treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

ABSTRACTPrimary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that predominantly affects patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and is strongly associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV‐8) infection. Due to its rarity, the current understanding of PEL's epidemiology and management is largely derived from case reports and small retrospective studies. Using the SEER‐17 database, we conducted a retrospective analysis of adults with pathologically confirmed primary effusion lymphoma diagnosed between 2001–2021. Patients were stratified into two time periods (2001–2010 and 2011–2021) to assess temporal trends. Age‐adjusted incidence rates, relative survival (RS), overall survival (OS), and lymphoma‐specific survival (LSS) were calculated using flexible parametric survival models. Competing risk analysis was performed to evaluate cumulative incidence of lymphoma‐specific death. Among 236 patients (median age 51 years, 88% male), 82 were diagnosed in 2001–2010 and 154 in 2011–2021. Age‐adjusted incidence rates increased from 1.0 to 1.6 cases per 10,000,000 person‐years between periods (p = 0.004). Five‐year RS improved from 21% to 37%, with median OS increasing from 4 to 12 months. On multivariable analysis, the more recent period showed significant improvements in OS (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44–0.97) and LSS (HR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36–0.86), with reduced cumulative incidence of lymphoma‐specific death (HR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33–0.74). In our population‐level analysis of PEL, we report a significant improvement in survival outcomes between 2001–2021, likely reflecting advances in both lymphoma treatment and HIV management. However, despite these improvements, OS remains low underscoring the need for prioritizing these patients to clinical trials with novel therapies.

Treatment and outcome for 2,111 patients with vermilion lip squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide, population-based study from the SweHNCR.

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate oncological outcomes in patients with high-risk early rectal cancer undergoing local excision, comparing those who received guideline-recommended additional treatment to those who did not, either due to comorbidities or personal preference.MethodNational data on patients treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) or transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for early rectal cancer without prior chemoradiotherapy between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified into low-risk (pT1 without risk factors for lymph node involvement) and high-risk (pT1 with risk factors and all pT2). High-risk patients receiving additional treatment (mainly completion TME, or less frequently adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for high-risk pT1) were compared to those without further treatment. Endpoints were 5-year relative survival, disease-free survival, overall survival, local recurrence, and distant recurrence.ResultsAmong 298 patients, 70 (23.5%) were low-risk pT1, 153 (51.3%) were high-risk pT1, and 75 (25.2%) were pT2. Additional treatment was omitted in 93 (60.8%) of high-risk pT1 and 39 (52.2%) of pT2 cases. Compared to patients following guidelines, those not receiving additional treatment had lower 5-year disease-free survival of 53.3% vs. 80.9% (p = 0.008) and higher 5-year local recurrence rates of 22.0% vs. 7.3% (p = 0.008). Five-year overall survival was 63.9% vs. 90.6% (p = 0.013), and relative survival 81.9% vs. 97.7% (p = 0.157).ConclusionOmitting indicated additional treatment following TEM or TAMIS for high-risk early rectal cancer is associated with a substantially higher local recurrence rate and loss of long-term disease-free survival and overall survival.

ABSTRACTEach year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence and outcomes using data collected by central cancer registries (incidence, through 2022) and the National Center for Health Statistics (mortality, through 2023). In 2026, approximately 2,114,850 new cancer cases and 626,140 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer mortality rate continued to decline through 2023, averting 4.8 million deaths since 1991, largely because of smoking reductions, earlier detection, and improved treatment. These interventions are also evident in rising 5‐year relative survival, which reached a milestone 70% for diagnoses during 2015–2021 overall, 69% for regional‐stage disease, and 35% for distant‐stage (metastatic) disease, up from 63%, 54%, and 17%, respectively, in the mid‐1990s. People with high‐mortality cancers and advanced diagnoses had the largest gains, including increases from 32% to 62% for myeloma, 7% to 22% for liver cancer, 16% to 35% for metastatic melanoma, 8% to 18% for metastatic rectal cancer, 20% to 37% for regional lung cancer, and 2% to 10% for metastatic lung cancer. Nevertheless, lung cancer will cause more deaths in 2026 than second‐ranking colorectal cancer and third‐ranking pancreatic cancer combined. In summary, decades of scientific investment have translated to longer lives for people with even the most fatal cancers. However, continued progress is threatened by proposed federal cuts to cancer research and health insurance, which provides access to life‐saving cancer treatment.

Vaccines as a strategic approach to combat Vibrio parahaemolyticus and control of early mortality syndrome sin shrimp aquaculture: A comprehensive review.

IL-11 acts as a vaccine adjuvant in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae, enhancing both cellular and humoral immune responses.

Development of a recombinant adenovirus-vectored vaccine against Pseudomonas plecoglossicida in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea).

Synergistic effects of α-mangostin-rich extract nanoemulsion and a natural free amino acid mixture on growth performance, immune function, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Long-term oral administration of inactivated Vibrio harveyi vaccine triggers immunosuppression in Penaeus vannamei.

Screening key protective antigens of largemouth bass virus and evaluation of their immunoprotective efficacy.

The quadruple gene mutant (aerA-ahh1-rtxA-th) of Aeromonas dhakensis shows reduced virulence and promising vaccine development potential.

Effect of papaya leaf extract on growth performance, skin mucosal immune responses, liver enzymes, disease resistance, and tight junctions of Cyprinus carpio.

Although 5-year relative survival rates for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have moderately increased in the last 30 years, most patients are diagnosed during the later stages of the disease. B cell–specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) is a biomarker of OSCC that is increased in epithelial basal stem cells (SC) of premalignant oral lesions. However, the molecular functions of BMI1 in early-stage OSCC have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used a transgenic mouse line (KrTB) that overexpresses BMI1 in the tongue epithelial SCs to delineate BMI1 actions during these early stages. We observed more oncogenic changes in mice with ectopic BMI1 expression after only a short, 4-week treatment with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). For example, we detected increased proliferation, oxidative stress, and expression of multiple transcripts and proteins linked to human OSCCs in murine tongue epithelia with high, ectopic BMI1 expression. Furthermore, increases in mRNAs encoding multiple metabolic targets, such as SLC16A3, PKM, and GPI1, were greater upon BMI1 overexpression with 4 weeks of 4-NQO treatment. In a human OSCC model (SCC-25 cell line) in which we deleted the BMI1 gene, we observed decreases in proliferation, oxidative stress, and expression of the glycolysis-associated protein GLUT1. Thus, BMI1 expression leads to increases in key features of early-stage, carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis, including metabolic reprogramming. Consequently, limiting BMI1 could be a potential target for cancer prevention approaches that merits further consideration and additional functional studies.Significance:Most OSCC diagnoses occur in advanced stages. Our data indicate that BMI1 overexpression, as detected in premalignant oral lesions, increases proliferation, oxidative stress, and expression of human OSCC-associated targets in our murine model after a short, 4-week carcinogen treatment. Thus, BMI1 could be a potential target for cancer prevention approaches.

Evaluation of protective effect of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) oral DNA vaccine wrapped with 4 different delivery vectors against IHN virus (IHNV) infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).