Parents’ contributions to their children’s emotion regulation during adolescence has been a relatively understudied interpersonal context of development, even though parents’ roles as sources of social and emotional learning persist from childhood into adolescence and the complexity of teens’ lives grows during this time. This study aims to investigate the differential predictive utility of qualities and behaviors in interparental and parent–teen relationships during adolescence for predicting youths’ development of intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation over a 13-year period. To assess these hypotheses, data were obtained from a longitudinal, multi-method, multi-informant study of 184 adolescents (107 Caucasian, 53 African American, and 24 mixed/other ethnicity; median family income of USD 40,000–60,000/year in 1999, equivalent to about USD 75,000–112,000/year when accounting for inflation) and their parents. The results provide support for a differential pattern of prediction; qualities of interparental relationships in early adolescence were significant predictors of young adult interpersonal emotion regulation, whereas behaviors in interparental and parent–teen relationships in late adolescence were significant predictors of both young adult positive intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation. Notably, some father-reported relationship predictors during late adolescence had unexpected relations with later intrapersonal emotion regulation. The results are discussed in terms of the helpfulness of these specific relationship factors during each part of adolescence for supporting positive intra- and interpersonal emotional regulation development.

Introduction: Moderate physical activity is proven to decrease the risk of suicidal attempt in male adolescents, but in women is not yet established. Objectives: Our objective was to study the association between physical activity intensity and suicidal attempt in Hispanic female adolescents younger than 17 years old from database 2015 Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System (YRBSS). Methods: Secondary analysis of a YRBSS database. We calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) through logistic regression. Results: A total of 1852 subjects were included for analysis. Four out of 10 students reported moderate physical activity and 15% of them attempted suicide one or more time. Physical activity and suicidal attempt had no significant association (OR:1.06 95% CI:0.69-1.62). There was no significant association between physical activity and suicidal attempt, but suicide attempt is significantly associated with age, alcohol use, active sexual life, and age of beginning of sexual relationship. Non adjusted and adjusted Odds ratio showed higher risk to commit suicide for younger girls, of those who do not use alcohool or no having sexual relationship before 15 years old (OR 0.44 (0.19-1,00), 0.47 (0.33-0.56) 0.40 (0.26-0.63) 0.58 (0.37-0.89, respectively). Conclusions: Physical activity was found no to be associated with suicidal attempts. Late adolescence, no consumption of alcohol, not having sexual intercourses and beginning sexual relationships in late adolescence may be protective factors against suicide.

Romantic relationships in late adolescence will last longer also have stronger and stable emotional bonds as in adult phase. Sometimes in a romantic relationship will have conflict. Interpersonal trust in partners is a factor in romantic relationships in resolving conflicts with forgiveness. Besides, agreeableness of the partner’s personality can also be a factor in resolving conflicts with forgiveness. This study has three objectives, there are to find out correlation between interpersonal trust and agreeableness with forgiveness of romantic relationships, to find out correlation between interpersonal trust with forgiveness of romantic relationships, and to find out correlation between agreeableness with forgiveness of romantic relationships. The method used in this research is a quantitative method using 3 psychological scales, there were the TRIM-18 scale, the Trust scale, and the BFI scale by taking the agreeableness dimension. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample of 91 respondents. The sample of this study were students of Ushuluddin and religion study Faculty in major Islamic Psychology at UIN Raden Intan Lampung in 2017, 2018 and 2019 generations who were in a romantic relationship for 6 months or more and had conflicts experienced. The results obtained from this study indicate that there was a significant positive correlation between interpersonal trust and agreeableness with forgiveness, with R=0,433 and the value of F=10,159 significant p=0,000 (p≤ 0,01) with a contributions by 18,8%. Based on the results of data analysis, it was obtained that interpersonal trust also had positive correlation to forgiveness (r= 0,289 dan p = 0,005 (p 0,01)) with effective contributions by 3,9%. Besides, agreeableness also had significant positive correlation to forgiveness and has more contributions than other independent variable in this study (r=0,415 dan p=0,000 (p≤0,01)) with effective contributions by 14,8%.Keywords: forgiveness, interpersonal trust, agreeableness, romantic relationship

While youth with higher levels of depressive symptoms appear to have lower quality romantic relationships, little is known about longitudinal associations for both men and women. Therefore, this study used longitudinal dyadic design to examine both concurrent and longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and positive as well as negative aspects of romantic relationship quality across two waves one- or two-years apart. The sample consisted of 149 Dutch stable heterosexual couples (149 females and 142 males participated at T1) in a stable romantic relationship in late adolescence with a mean age of 20.43 years old at the first wave. Actor-Partner Interdependence models were used to examine potential bidirectional associations over time between depressive symptoms and romantic relationship quality, above and beyond potential concurrent associations and stability of the constructs over time, from the perspective of both romantic partners. Results consistently indicated that men and women who reported higher levels of depressive symptoms perceived less positive aspects (intimacy and support) and more negative aspects (conflict) in their romantic relationship over time. In addition, unexpectedly, when men and women perceived more positive relationship aspects, their partners reported higher levels of depressive symptoms over time. These findings stress that depressive symptoms can interfere with the formation of high-quality romantic relationships.

ObjectivesIncreasing evidence suggests that low social support is associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Earlier studies in this field were conducted in predominantly middle-aged or older...

ABSTRACT Socially withdrawn children are more likely to be heterosexually inactive in early adulthood. This study aimed to test a three-mediator model. We hypothesized that social withdrawal during childhood would hinder a sense of social competence in early adolescence, limiting other-gender friendships in mid-adolescence, in turn limiting involvement in romantic relationships in late adolescence, and thus favoring a later transition into sexual activity. This mediation model was tested on a sample of 332 participants assessed annually between the ages of 12 and 22. Structural equation modeling revealed a significant indirect effect of social withdrawal on late transition into heterosexual activity through the three tested mediators. The direct effect of social withdrawal on late transition into heterosexual activity was also significant, suggesting a partial mediation.

In adult couples, stress emerging outside the relationship (extra-dyadic stress) spills over into the relationship evoking conflict between the partners (intra-dyadic stress), which itself has a negative effect on relationship satisfaction over time. This detrimental effect of stress spillover can be buffered by adequate dyadic coping (DC) skills of both partners. The current study aimed at replicating these effects in a sample of 96 Swiss adult couples and 124 Swiss late adolescent (non-cohabitating) couples, who were in a serious relationship for at least 1 year. We examined (a) whether extra-dyadic stress is associated with intra-dyadic stress and relationship satisfaction and (b) whether the potential buffering effect of DC on these associations already exists in this important developmental phase. Contrary to the adult sample, for which indirect actor and partner effects were significant, we found a marginally significantly negative indirect actor effect of extra-dyadic stress on relationship satisfaction via intra-dyadic stress in late adolescents only for participants experiencing high extra-dyadic stress and low support from the partner. DC moderated the spillover between extra-dyadic and intra-dyadic stress for late adolescents. This study highlights the importance of investigating dyadic processes in romantic relationships in late adolescence to gain an insight into these relationships and the associated developmental processes.

Adolescence and young adulthood are characterized by important changes in personality, changes toward a more stable identity, and the establishment of intimate relationships. We examined the role of personality traits in establishing intimate relationships, the interplay between personality traits and interpersonal identity processes during these relationships, and the role of interpersonal identity processes and personality traits in the dissolution thereof. For this purpose, we used longitudinal data on 424 female college students (mean age at T1 = 18.6 years; Sample 1) and 390 late adolescents drawn from a community sample (56.7% female; mean age at T1 = 19.7 years; Sample 2). Especially highly extraverted individuals were likely to become involved in a relationship. Neuroticism was associated negatively, and Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were associated positively with a stronger sense of interpersonal identity within intimate relationships. Finally, the importance of interpersonal identity processes was underscored by the fact that these processes, and not so much personality traits, predicted relational breakups. Overall, the present study provides important insights into the role of personality and identity in the initiation, maintenance, and dissolution of intimate relationships in late adolescence and young adulthood.

Little is known about the links between anxiety disorders and parent–child attachment disorganization and quality of peer relationships in late adolescence. This study examined the quality of attachment and peer relationships among adolescents with and without anxiety disorders in a sample of 109 low- to moderate-income families. Psychopathology was assessed with the SCID-I. Attachment disorganization and dysfunction in peer relationships were measured using semi-structured interviews and behavioral observations. Adolescents with anxiety disorders and comorbid conditions showed higher levels of attachment disorganization across three measurement approaches, as well as higher levels of dysfunction in peer relationships than those with no Axis I diagnosis. Adolescents without anxiety disorders but with other Axis I disorders differed only in the quality of school relationships from those with no diagnoses. The pattern of results suggests that pathological anxiety, in the context of other comorbidities, may be a marker for more pervasive levels of social impairment.

The aim of this study was to examine occurrence of romantic relationships and relationship break‐ups among young adults in Hong Kong and Australia and to explore associations between relationship style, identity status, negative affect, cultural group, and relationship experiences. Data were collected from Chinese tertiary students in Hong Kong (n = 279) and Anglo‐Australian tertiary students in Melbourne, Australia (n = 204). Participants completed a questionnaire including demographics, romantic relationship items, the Love Schemas Scale measuring romantic relationship style, the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Secure relationship style and more mature identity statuses were associated with having had a romantic relationship. Among those young people with romantic relationship experience, break‐ups were less common for those with a foreclosed identity status, skittish (avoidant) relationship style, and Hong Kong Chinese background. Negative mood was higher among those for whom a break‐up had been recent. Hurt experienced following a break‐up was greater when the break‐up was partner initiated and among those with less secure relationship styles and identity statuses. Overall, individual factors were stronger predictors of relationship status than cultural factors.

Pipp, Shaver, Jennings, Lamborn, & Fischer (1985) studied the variations of parent and late adolescent relationships by a retrospective method; Circle Drawing. The first purpose of this study was to compare the results with those of the previous study (Pipp et al., 1985), though the ages of participants were different. Early and late adolescents and their mothers were asked to draw two circles, one representing the daughter and another representing the mother, at three or four periods from infancy to the present. The results showed that the size of the daughters' circles were becoming larger with age whereas the mothers' circles were becoming smaller. The distances between the circles were changed from infancy to the present, namely the distance at the infant period was smaller than at the present. These results showed that the transition for mother-daughter relationships had the same pattern as in the previous study (Pipp et al., 1985). The second purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between circle drawings and mother-daughter communications in two tasks. The communication tasks were to solve math questions and to cooperate in completing a craft project for which they had to plan the design and complete the finished project. Their utterances during two tasks were coded into fifteen categories based Condon, Cooper & Grotevant (1984). The results showed that some parts of the communications relate well with some aspects of the exercise with circles. That is, the results of this study showed that the mother-daughter relationships expressed by two circles were changing with age, and circle drawings express some parts of the actual communications, too.

Families created by assisted reproduction: Parent–child relationships in late adolescence

To better understand the social factors that influence the diverse pathways to family formation young adults experience today, this research investigates the association between opposite-gender relationships during late adolescence and union formation in early adulthood. Using data from the first and third waves of the Add Health (n = 4,911), we show that, for both men and women, there is continuity between adolescent and adult relationship experiences. Those involved in adolescent romantic relationships at the end of high school are more likely to marry and to cohabit in early adulthood. Moreover, involvement in a nonromantic sexual relationship is positively associated with cohabitation, but not marriage. We conclude that the precursors to union formation patterns in adulthood are observable in adolescence.

Antisocial behavior and substance misuse are forms of problem behavior demonstrating considerable continuity over time. Accordingly, problem behavior influences interpersonal contexts across the life course, which may result in the replication of coercive interactions and a problem behavior lifestyle within romantic relationships. Furthermore, theories of self-selection, and associated research, suggest that individuals pick companions compatible with, and supportive of, their behavior, leading to high levels of similarity between romantic partners and the potential reinforcement of problem behavior over time. However, some research suggests that romantic relationships may play a positive role and facilitate desistance from problem behavior. The purpose of this paper is to explore how antisocial behavior and substance use both influence and are influenced by romantic relationships in late adolescence and early adulthood. We first review research regarding the extent of, and processes underlying, partner similarity in problem behavior. Next, we examine how romantic relationships may promote the desistance of problem behavior. Finally, we discuss possible moderators of the association between problem behavior and romantic relationships, as well as limitations, intergenerational implications, and recommended future directions of the reviewed research.

The influence of adolescents' autonomy and relatedness to parents on romantic relationships was examined longitudinally over 5 years in 76 middle-class African American late adolescents (mean age = 18.43 years). Relatedness to parents in early adolescence led to longer duration and more supportive romantic relationships in late adolescence, but longer duration was concurrently associated with more negative romantic relationships. Cluster analyses yielded 3 profiles of early adolescent autonomy and relatedness; early adolescents who were high in relatedness and low in autonomy to parents in early adolescence reported longer duration romantic relationships in late adolescence than did adolescents who were moderate or high in relatedness and high in autonomy. The implications for romantic development in African American middle-class youth are discussed.

The Effects of Romantic Involvement on Psychological Well-Being in Late Adolescence

The relationship between parental divorce and intimate relationships in late adolescence was estimated for 60 undergraduates (17 men, 43 women). Subjects from divorced families were assessed to address whether they perceived their present heterosexual relationship to be risky and if they were less trusting of their partners than were subjects from intact families. Divorce appears to be transmitted through generations in a family. Dyadic Trust and Perceived Risk were investigated as two learned components passed down within families, thereby contributing to a cycle of divorce. A correlation was found between parents' marital status and children's trust in their dating partners. An inverse relationship was indicated; when ratings of trust are low, ratings of perceived risk are high. A possible order of this relationship was discussed, i.e., low dyadic trust preceded perceived risk. One implication of these findings was that children of divorced parents may benefit from being shown how failures in relationships may result from negative expectations.