Relationship Quality Variables Research Articles

Dating Violence and the Quality of Relationships through Adolescence: A Longitudinal Latent Class Study.

Dating violence can manifest itself in different ways, with important consequences for both members of the couple. Due to the normalization of certain behaviour and the perceived quality of the relationship, it may be difficult to identify this violent dynamic in its early stages, allowing it to escalate and lead to severe levels of violent behaviour. This study aims to analyse violent profiles using latent class analysis (LCA) and explore the role of relationship quality variables as risk factors for those profiles. A two-stage longitudinal design was used with a sample of 2849 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 18 years old. The LCA produced five different groups: those not involved in violence; those involved in mild forms of violence (with two sub-groups: those involved in psychological-sexual violence and in psychological-physical violence); and those involved in the most severe forms of violence, with a co-occurrence of psychological-physical-sexual violence (with two sub-groups, according to the higher of lower frequency of involvement). Despite the differences between boys and girls, negative-quality variables played a more important role in dating violence. Discussion of the results focuses on both the complex nature of the violence and the multi-probabilistic view of its development.

Relationship Quality in Online Marketing From the Philosophy of Science Perspective

This study explores the concept of relationship quality from the philosophy of science. The study focuses on the scientific paradigm that forms the foundation and core of research. Relationship quality emphasizes the importance of strong relationships in creating value for customers and maintaining their loyalty in the long term. Marketing has evolved from a product-oriented approach to a customer relationship-oriented approach, making relationship quality the key to competitive advantage. This study examines the philosophical perspective of science concerning ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology. The research method employed is a literature review to explore the development of research on relationship quality. Mapping previous research from 2016 to 2023 provides insights into the latest trends related to the concept of relationship quality in the domain of online marketing. The results identify information sharing, online relationship bonds, and customer experience as antecedent variables of relationship quality, while the consequence variables include the intention to co-create brand value. This study proposes a research model of relationship quality from these antecedent and consequence variables.

No Remorse: Sexual Infidelity Is Not Clearly Linked with Relationship Satisfaction or Well-Being in Ashley Madison Users.

Past research on extradyadic relationship experiences (including infidelity) often suffers from restricted sampling and retrospective accounts, which may have given researchers a distorted image of what it is like for people to have affairs. In this research, we shed light on the experiences people have during their affairs with a sample of registered users on Ashley Madison, a website geared toward facilitating infidelity. Our participants completed questionnaires about their primary (e.g., spousal) relationships, as well as personality traits, motivations to seek affairs, and outcomes. Findings from this study challenge widely held notions about infidelity experiences. Analyses revealed that participants were highly satisfied with their affairs and expressed little moral regret. A small subset of participants reported having consensually open relationships with their partners, who knew about their activity on Ashley Madison. In contrast to previous findings, we did not observe low relationship quality (i.e., satisfaction, love, commitment) to be a major driver of affairs and the affairs did not predict decreases in these relationship quality variables over time. That is, among a sample of individuals who proactively sought affairs, their affairs were not primarily motivated by poor dyadic/marital relationships, their affairs did not seem to have a strong negative impact on their relationships, and personal ethics did not play a strong role in people's feelings about their affairs.

Performance and Continuing of Exporter-Importer Relationship: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Exporters

The main objective of this study is to explore whether the quality relationship influences the export business, which leads to the exporter’s satisfaction and determines the long-term and sustainable exporter business. The study conducted a survey and collected data from 434 firms involved in the export business based on a convenience sampling approach. The companies were contacted from all over Pakistan. The study employed the partial least squares technique for the data analysis. The estimation results support all three hypotheses. The study finds a significant relationship between "relationship quality" variables and Firms’ financial and strategic performance. Further, there is a significant positive relationship between firms’ financial and strategic performance and exporters’ satisfaction and a significant positive link between exporters’ satisfaction and the continuity of the business. Based on results, practical implications for firms’ management and government policymakers were found, suggesting that companies should focus on maintaining the quality relationship, and government trade incentives should be firm-specific. A model is developed where relationship quality variables, Commitment, Satisfaction, and Trust, are factors that impact export performance. This model explains how variables interact, especially in the business relationship. This model is the first attempt to investigate sustainable exports from Pakistan.

Linking Perceived Environmental CSR to Residents' Environmental Citizenship Behavior in Rural Tourism: The Mediating Role of Resident-Environment Relationship Quality.

Residents' environmental citizenship behavior is essential to the environmental protection and sustainable development of rural destinations. However, previous research with regards to environmental citizenship behavior has focused on an employee perspective, rather than a resident one. Through the theoretical lens of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, our research examined how perceived environmental CSR (ECSR) contributes to residents' environmental citizenship behavior, with resident-environment relationship quality acting as the organism. Data collected from a Chinese rural destination were analyzed with a structural equation modeling approach. Results indicate that: (1) perceived ECSR directly and positively influences residents' environmental citizenship behavior; (2) relationship quality variables (i.e., environmental identification and environmental commitment) directly and positively affect residents' environmental citizenship behavior; (3) environmental identification directly and positively affects environmental commitment; (4) relationship quality variables positively mediate the effect of perceived ECSR on residents' environmental citizenship behavior. The current research complements existing tourism literature on environmental citizenship behavior with a focus on perceived ECSR and relationship quality from the aspect of residents in rural destinations. The findings also provide some practical implications that potentially facilitate the adoption of environmental citizenship behavior among residents for sustainable destination management.

Exploring the Influence of Supplier Relationship Quality on South African Municipalities’ Service Delivery Performance

Most South African municipalities are yet to perform at the desired level. Service delivery protests have been a permanent feature in the South African media for years. Apprehending the factors influencing relationship quality may help municipalities enhance their performance and reduce service delivery problems. The study adopted a quantitative approach within the South African municipality setting. The respondents were sampled using stratified random sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected from 205 respondents using a structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics, SPSS, and AMOS statistical software. The main finding was that relationship quality influenced service delivery performance from the management’s perspective. The composite relationship quality variables (cooperation, trust, commitment, and satisfaction) significantly influenced the relationship quality. The implication is that the quality of the relational interactions between the municipalities and their suppliers significantly impacted the quality-of-service delivery performance.

Rural and Urban Land Tourism and Destination Image: A Dual-Case Study Approach Examining Energy-Saving Behavior and Loyalty

Although the significance of destination image is acknowledged, its effect on tourist reactions, especially energy-saving behavior, remains unknown. This research aimed to explore tourist energy-saving behavior (TESB) and loyalty (TL) in a rural land context by using the cognition-affect-behavior (CAB) model. The findings indicated: (1) destination image positively and directly influenced TESB and TL; (2) relationship quality variables, i.e., tourist satisfaction and destination trust, positively and separately mediated the associations of destination image with TESB and TL; and (3) a cross-validation approach of rural and urban cases documented support for the research findings. This study extends the destination image literature by introducing the CAB model and the cross-validation approach to examine energy-saving behavior and loyalty. It offers guidance and a reference for tourism destination practitioners to promote energy-saving behavior and loyalty through the enhancement of destination image and relationship quality.

The impact of hedonic and utilitarian dimension in mobile service banking quality towards relationship quality

Service quality is vital for retail banking institutions nowadays to have a competitive advantage against their competitors. One of the ways was developing a mobile banking application. By relying on the mobile banking application, the banking institutions would serve their existing customers better and attract new potential customers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of mobile banking service quality empirically in terms of the utilitarian and hedonic dimensions on the relationship quality variables, namely commitment, trust, and satisfaction. The research focused on 220 respondents from university students in Indonesia who are at least 17 years old and using a mobile banking application on their smartphones. The method for collecting data is based on convenience sampling. The Structural Modelling Equation was also used to analyze the data result. The findings show that trust significantly and positively influences commitment/satisfaction. Furthermore, the dimensions of mobile 'banking. Service quality (Security/ Privacy, Practicality, Design/Aesthetics, and Enjoyment) has a low-moderate effect on relationship qualitative variables (Trust, Satisfaction, and Commitment). The dimensions of mobile banking service quality positively influence the relationship quality, except PPracticalitydoes not affect Commitment, Design/Aesthetics does not influence trust, and enjoyment does not influence commitment.

Does Relationship Matter during a Health Crisis: Examining the Role of Local Government- Public Relationship in the Public Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines

ABSTRACT Viewing government-public relationships as important antecedents of individuals’ health protection behaviors, this study uses a relationship management approach to examine COVID-19 vaccine promotion among local government agencies. The study hypothesizes that the quality of local government-public relationships is positively associated with pro-vaccine outcomes, including more frequent risk information seeking, pro-vaccine attitudes, and greater vaccination intention. In addition, an important pathway through which the government-public relationship promotes vaccination acceptance is by enhancing the public’s risk perceptions. Using a representative community sample, findings support the positive roles of certain but not all relationship quality variables in predicting vaccine acceptance. Meanwhile, risk perceptions consistently predict risk information seeking, pro-vaccine attitudes, and vaccination intention.

Understanding Impact Sustainable Intention of S-Commerce Activities: The Role of Customer Experiences, Perceived Value, and Mediation of Relationship Quality

Business activities using social media are currently growing and its development has intrigued practitioners and academics. The purpose of doing this present research is to build a conceptual model, which connects the concepts of customer perceived value and customer experiences with the concept of customer relationship quality to produce sustainable customer intention in social media commerce. Considering the results of two exogenous constructions, namely customer perceived value and customer experience, it can be concluded that both have an impact on relationship quality and customer sustainable intention. In this study, there are six hypotheses, consisting of five accepted hypotheses and one rejected hypothesis. After doing a deeper analysis, it is revealed that good relationship quality determines the significance of sustainable customer intention. In addition, this conducted research examines and experimentally confirms the role of customer perceived value and the customer experience in determining relationship quality and sustainability of customers founded in social media commerce. The novelty shown in this study lies in the integration of two exogenous variables, namely customer perceived value and customer experience, with the variables of relationship quality and customer sustainability intention. Finally, the findings provide theoretical, managerial, and social value and impact for academics, practitioners, and society.

Relationship quality in higher education and the interplay with student engagement and loyalty.

BackgroundTo date, studies that have investigated the bonds between students and their institution have emphasized the importance of student–staff relationships. Measuring the quality of those relationships (i.e., relationship quality) appears to help with investigating the relational ties students have with their higher education institutions. Growing interest has arisen in further investigating relationship quality in higher education, as it might predict students’ involvement with the institution (e.g., student engagement and student loyalty). So far, most studies have used a cross‐sectional design, so that causality could not be determined.AimsThe aim of this longitudinal study was twofold. First, we investigated the temporal ordering of the relation between the relationship quality dimensions of trust (in benevolence and honesty) and affect (satisfaction, affective commitment, and affective conflict). Second, we examined the ordering of the paths between relationship quality, student engagement, and student loyalty. Our objectives were to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship quality construct in higher education and its later outcomes.SampleParticipants (N = 1649) were students from three Dutch higher education institutions who were studying in a technology economics or social sciences program.MethodsLongitudinal data from two time points were used to evaluate two types of cross‐lagged panel models. In the first analysis, we could not assume measurement invariance for affective conflict over time. Therefore, we tested an alternative model without affective conflict, using the latent variables of trust and affect, the student engagement dimensions and student loyalty. In the second type of model, we investigated the manifest variables of relationship quality, student engagement, and student loyalty. The hypotheses were tested by evaluating simultaneous comparisons between estimates.ResultsResults indicated that the relation between relationship quality at Time 1 with student engagement and loyalty at Time 2 was stronger than the reverse ordering in the first model. In the second model, results indicated that cross‐lagged relations between trust in benevolence and trust in honesty at Time 1 and affective commitment, affective conflict, and satisfaction at Time 2 were more likely than the reverse ordering. Furthermore, cross‐lagged relations from relationship quality at Time 1 to student engagement and student loyalty at Time 2 also supported our hypothesis.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the existing higher education literature, indicating that students’ trust in the quality of their relationship with faculty/staff is essential for developing students’ affective commitment and satisfaction and for avoiding conflict over time. Second, relationship quality factors positively influence students’ engagement in their studies and their loyalty towards the institution. A relational approach to establishing (long‐lasting) bonds with students appears to be fruitful as an approach for educational psychologists and for practitioners’ guidance and strategies. Recommendations are made for future research to further examine relationship quality in higher education in Europe and beyond.

ANALISIS PENGARUH QUALITY DIMENSION PADA KOMUNITAS ONLINE TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION

The emerging online community provides opportunities for consumers to participate in discussions whose purpose is to provide information to each other and influence fellow consumers regarding product information.The purpose of this research is to find out whether the dimensions of quality in online communities, namely the quality of relationships and the quality of information affect purchase intentions through reducing uncertainty with the moderating variable of involvement. The object of this research is the influence of online community quality dimensions on the purchase intention of smartphone products. Partial least square method is a method used to process this research data.The results of this study are information quality variables and relationship quality variables have significant influence on reducing uncertainty. Relationship quality and information quality significantly influence the purchase intention variable. The variable of uncertainty reduction influences and is significant on the purchase intention variable. There is significant moderation effect on the involvement variable on the uncertainty reduction variable on the purchase intention variable. In addition, the results of this study indicate the quality dimensions of online communities influence purchase intentions. The existence of quality information and good quality relationships in online communities will result in uncertainty reduction by visitors so that it will lead to product purchase intentions.

A Bayesian multilevel analysis of the longitudinal associations between relationship quality and suicidal ideation and attempts among youth with bipolar disorder.

Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors and frequently experience interpersonal impairment, which is a risk factor for suicide. Yet, no study to date has examined the longitudinal associations between relationship quality in family/peer domains and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth with BD. Thus, we investigated how between-person differences - reflecting the average relationship quality across time - and within-person changes, reflecting recent fluctuations in relationship quality, act as distal and/or proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts. We used longitudinal data from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth Study (N=413). Relationship quality variables were decomposed into stable (i.e., average) and varying (i.e., recent) components and entered, along with major clinical covariates, into separate Bayesian multilevel models predicting SI and suicide attempt. We also examined how the relationship quality effects interacted with age and sex. Poorer average relationship quality with parents (β=-.33, 95% Bayesian highest density interval (HDI) [-0.54, -0.11]) or friends (β=-.33, 95% HDI [-0.55, -0.11]) was longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI but not suicide attempt. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents (β=-.10, 95% HDI [-0.19, -0.03]) and, to a lesser extent, friends (β=-.06, 95% HDI [-0.15, 0.03]) was longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI, but only worsening recent relationship quality with parents was also associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (β=-.15, 95% HDI [-0.31, 0.01]). The effects of certain relationship quality variables were moderated by gender but not age. Among youth with BD, having poorer average relationship quality with peers and/or parents represents a distal risk factor for SI but not suicide attempts. Additionally, worsening recent relationship quality with parents may be a time-sensitive indicator of increased risk for SI or suicide attempt.

Levels and volatility in daily relationship quality: Roles of daily sacrifice motives

Conflicts are inevitable in romantic relationships. Couples sometimes choose the pro-relationship strategy of relational sacrifice to address such conflicts. Previous research established that examining sacrifice motives (i.e., approach and avoidance) is meaningful in understanding relationship quality. Using interdependence theory and 14 days of diaries with 110 heterosexual couples, we extend previous research by testing how sacrifice motives predicted both mean levels and volatility of daily relationship quality (i.e., satisfaction, commitment, intimacy, passion, trust, and love). Specifically, we examined actor and partner reports of sacrifice motives as individuals’ average levels (trait; between-person differences) and daily levels of sacrifice motives on a specific day (state; within-person differences) in predicting relationship quality. When predicting mean levels of relationship quality, individuals’ own (actor) trait and state approach and avoidance motives predicted most relationship quality variables. Results were less robust for partner effects, especially for partner trait and state approach motives. When predicting volatility (within-person variability across 14 days) in relationship quality, patterns were more robust for both approach and avoidant motives and for both actor and partner effects. For approach sacrifices, and for all six relationship quality variables, individuals’ trait approach motives predicted lower volatility, whereas avoidance motives predicted higher volatility. For partner effects, individuals reported lower volatility in satisfaction, intimacy, passion, and trust when their partners were higher in approach motives, whereas they reported higher volatility in satisfaction, commitment, intimacy, and trust when their partners were higher in avoidance motives. We discuss the importance of studying dyads and testing the associations between sacrifice motives and daily relationship quality—both levels and volatility.

Sport industry service attributes, service experiences, relationship quality and behavioural intentions

This study verified a mediating process model regarding the relationship quality between consumers and paintball venues by using relationship marketing theory. The antecedent variables of relationship quality were identified as service attribute and service quality to examine whether they exert different effects on the determinants of relationship quality differ and subsequently influences behavioural intention. A total of 750 questionnaires were issued through purposive sampling and 685 valid questionnaires were returned. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted. The results revealed that both service attribute and service experience positively affected the dimensions of relationship quality. Satisfaction exerted significant and positive effects on behavioural intention and trust positively. Commitment significantly and positively affected behavioural intention and trust significantly and positively affected commitment. This study has provided useful information on understanding of the interrelations between relationship variables and relevant managerial suggestions are proposed.

Predictors of Sexual Intercourse Frequency Among Couples Trying to Conceive

BackgroundLittle is known about the predictors of sexual intercourse frequency (SIF) among couples trying to conceive despite the well-established link between SIF and fecundity. AimTo evaluate men's and women's demographic, occupational, and lifestyle predictors of SIF among couples. Methods469 Couples without a history of infertility participating in the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment Study (2005–2009) were followed up for ≤1 year while trying to conceive. At enrollment, both partners were interviewed about demographic, occupational, lifestyle, and psychological characteristics using standardized questionnaires. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models with Poisson distribution were used to estimate the adjusted percent difference in SIF across exposure categories. OutcomesSIF was recorded in daily journals and summarized as average SIF/mo. ResultsThe median (interquartile range) SIF during follow-up was 6 (4–9) acts/mo. For every year increase in age for women and men, SIF decreased by –0.8% (95% CI –2.5 to 1.0%) and –1.7% (95% CI –3.1 to –0.3%). Women with high school education or less and those of non-white race had 34.4% and 16.0% higher SIF, respectively. A similar trend was seen for men's education and race. Only couples where both partners (but not just 1 partner) worked rotating shifts had –39.1% (95% CI –61.0 to –5.0%) lower SIF compared to couples where neither partner worked rotating shifts. Men's (but not women's) exercise was associated with 13.2% (95% CI 1.7–26.0%) higher SIF. Diagnosis of a mood or anxiety disorder in men (but not women) was associated with a 26.0% (95% CI –42.7 to –4.4%) lower SIF. Household income, smoking status, body mass index, night work, alcohol intake, and psychosocial stress were not associated with SIF. Clinical TranslationEven among couples trying to conceive, there was substantial variation in SIF. Both partners' age, education, race, and rotating shift work as well as men's exercise and mental health play an important role in determining SIF. ConclusionsAs this was a secondary analysis of an existing study, we lacked information on many pertinent psychological and relationship quality variables and the hormonal status of participants, which could have affected SIF. The unique population-based couple design, however, captured both partners' demographics, occupational characteristics, and lifestyle behaviors in advance of their daily, prospective reporting of SIF, which was a major strength. Important predictors of SIF among couples attempting to conceive include men's exercise and mental health and both partners' age, education, race, and rotating shift work.Gaskins AJ, Sundaram R, Buck Louis GM, et al. Predictors of Sexual Intercourse Frequency Among Couples Trying to Conceive. J Sex Med 2018;15:519–528.

Extramarital Sex Among Vietnamese Married Men: Results of a Survey in Urban and Rural Areas of Northern and Southern Vietnam

Research on extramarital sex (EMS) is commonly conducted from a perspective that implicitly understands this behavior as a violation of the marital relationship. In contrast, Vietnamese cultural norms have, at some points in history, condoned if not outright encouraged EMS in the name of preserving family lineage. Yet little is known about the prevalence of EMS among contemporary Vietnamese men and its association with marriage quality. This is a notable gap, given the enormous sociocultural and ideological shifts the country has experienced over the past several decades. Drawing upon a sample of 126 married men (Mean age = 45.56; SD = 10.52) surveyed in urban (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) and rural areas (Ha Tay and Can Tho) in Vietnam, we examined the relationship between EMS and geographic region, demographic characteristics, sexual values, quality of marriage, and sexual satisfaction within marriage. Our results show that geographic location had a strong impact on EMS, while most marital relationship quality variables did not impact the odds of EMS for married men in Vietnam.

Hedonic or Utilitarian : Why People Keep Using Social Network Services

Abstract Submitted：May 7, 2015 1 st Revision：June 20, 2015 Accepted：June 24, 2015* This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(NRF-2012S1A3A2033474).** Center for Work Science, Yonsei University*** College of Business Administration, Seoul National University**** Center for Work Science, Yonsei University, Corresponding AuthorSocial networking services (SNSs) serve to strengthen people’s social relationships by providing ways for people to utilize such relationships especially like workplace. With the development of the internet worldwide, the number of SNS users is rapidly growing and a wider range of service ty pes have become available. In this study, we designed a research model with a focus on what makes people use SNSs at workplace and how it is associated with changes in relationship quality and their intention to continue using the services and analyzed data collected for the research model. Theoretically, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was invoked and measured, in terms of hedonic and utilitarian values, and satisfaction and trust were adopted as variables of relationship quality. Data were collected from Facebook users using workplace, and a partial least squares (PLS) analys is was made on 188 data points. The analysis results showed that two forms of motivation-hedonic and utilitarian-are separated from each other in their influence and that utilitarian value is more important than hedonic value, especially when it comes to users’ satisfaction. In addition, the analysis found a weak relationship between satisfaction and trust in SNS environments; this was a little different from the results of previous studies.

The Effect of Post-Purchased Perceived-Value Towards the Relationship Quality of Hajj and Umra Travel Agencies in Indonesia

Purpose: About 23% of world's population is Muslims, and it is predicted to grow to 35% in the next 20 years. Million of Muslims from all over the world take Hajj and Umra every year, and Indonesia leads the largest Hajj pilgrims in the world. This makes huge demand for Hajj and Umra travel agencies. To date there are 244 licensed Hajj and Umra travel agencies in Indonesia. However, studies on Hajj and Umra travel agencies are scarce. The initial attempt to study Hajj Umra travel agencies only focused on the impact of perceived value on relationship quality. There is a need to build a more comprehensive model on Hajj and Umra travel agencies.The purpose of this study is to build a comprehensive model on Hajj and Umra travel agencies and to test the model on empirical data. This study attempted to build models from various studies on general travel agencies, with key variables of relationship quality, satisfaction, word-of-mouth, and loyalty.Design/methodology approach: This study uses quantitative design with cross sectional data collection, and convenient sampling will be used to select respondents who already use the service of Hajj and Umra travel agencies in Jabodetabek. Respondents filled structured questionnaires. Data will be analyzed with structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings are to be announced. The data collection is ongoing, and analyses are on pilot-test stage, testing the reliability and validity of the measurements as well as the wordings.Research Limitations: The study limits to travel agencies only and does not employ Hajj and Umra tour packages into the model. The study also has limited population.Practical implications: Results of this study will be beneficial to travel agencies by offering insights to factors that drive satisfaction, loyalty, and word-of-mouth in Hajj and Umra travel agenctes.Originality/value: The study extends the understanding of consumers on religious tourism, in particular Hajj and Umra travel agencies by building and empirically testing a comprehensive model on Hajj and Umra travel agencies.

CRM Fit and Relationship Quality in Hotel Industry

Organizations have realized the importance of CRM. Even though CRM is spelled out to Customer Relationship Management, it has been overlooked the fact that the focus of CRM should be on customers and the relationship with them. As well, since the Internet has been widely used as a very effective medium for interacting with people no matter where they are and when it is, it is a useful tool to interact with customers. Therefore this study examined CRM practice and the Internet usage based on relationship quality and relational benefits theories. This study attempts to examine the effect of the FIT between each stage of CRM process and Internet usage for each stage. CRM Fit and relationship quality variables have been identified from the aspect of customers who have membership of a certain hotel. The results showed that the Fit for the maintenance stage has a positive effect on Commitment, which leads to Loyalty. Customer Orientation was also found significant to influence Satisfaction and Commitment. Interestingly Termination stage has a positive effect on Commitment while it has a negative effect on Satisfaction.