Object Relations Research Articles

Cross-Modal Match for Language Conditioned 3D Object Grounding

Language conditioned 3D object grounding aims to find the object within the 3D scene mentioned by natural language descriptions, which mainly depends on the matching between visual and natural language. Considerable improvement in grounding performance is achieved by improving the multimodal fusion mechanism or bridging the gap between detection and matching. However, several mismatches are ignored, i.e., mismatch in local visual representation and global sentence representation, and mismatch in visual space and corresponding label word space. In this paper, we propose crossmodal match for 3D grounding from mitigating these mismatches perspective. Specifically, to match local visual features with the global description sentence, we propose BEV (Bird’s-eye-view) based global information embedding module. It projects multiple object proposal features into the BEV and the relations of different objects are accessed by the visual transformer which can model both positions and features with long-range dependencies. To circumvent the mismatch in feature spaces of different modalities, we propose crossmodal consistency learning. It performs cross-modal consistency constraints to convert the visual feature space into the label word feature space resulting in easier matching. Besides, we introduce label distillation loss and global distillation loss to drive these matches learning in a distillation way. We evaluate our method in mainstream evaluation settings on three datasets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

How to Evaluate the Generalization of Detection? A Benchmark for Comprehensive Open-Vocabulary Detection

Object detection (OD) in computer vision has made significant progress in recent years, transitioning from closed-set labels to open-vocabulary detection (OVD) based on large-scale vision-language pre-training (VLP). However, current evaluation methods and datasets are limited to testing generalization over object types and referral expressions, which do not provide a systematic, fine-grained, and accurate benchmark of OVD models' abilities. In this paper, we propose a new benchmark named OVDEval, which includes 9 sub-tasks and introduces evaluations on commonsense knowledge, attribute understanding, position understanding, object relation comprehension, and more. The dataset is meticulously created to provide hard negatives that challenge models' true understanding of visual and linguistic input. Additionally, we identify a problem with the popular Average Precision (AP) metric when benchmarking models on these fine-grained label datasets and propose a new metric called Non-Maximum Suppression Average Precision (NMS-AP) to address this issue. Extensive experimental results show that existing top OVD models all fail on the new tasks except for simple object types, demonstrating the value of the proposed dataset in pinpointing the weakness of current OVD models and guiding future research. Furthermore, the proposed NMS-AP metric is verified by experiments to provide a much more truthful evaluation of OVD models, whereas traditional AP metrics yield deceptive results. Data is available at https://github.com/om-ai-lab/OVDEval

‘[M]en’s Dwellings Were Thin Shells’: Uncertain Interiors and Domestic Violence in Ford Madox Ford’s War Writing

The standard image of First World War soldiers is of men in open trenches: waiting to attack or be attacked; walking, sitting, sleeping, dead. Ford’s Parade’s End includes such scenes. But it is a different kind of image which predominates in his war writings and often produces its most memorable passages: images of houses or house-like shelters. The mind seeks protection in such structures; but they offer little security against the destructiveness outside, against the bombardments, gas, shrapnel, bullets. Ford wrote that the experience of war revealed: ‘men’s dwellings were thin shells that could be crushed as walnuts are crushed. … all things that lived and moved and had volition and life might at any moment be resolved into a scarlet viscosity seeping into the earth of torn fields […]’. This realisation works in two ways. The soldier’s sense of vulnerability provokes fantasies of home, solidity, sanctuary, while for the returnee soldier, domestic architecture summons war-visions of its own annihilation: ‘it had been revealed to you’, adds Ford, ‘that beneath Ordered Life itself was stretched, the merest film with, beneath it, the abysses of Chaos’. It is now customary to read war literature through trauma theory. Building on analyses of Ford’s use of repression, but drawing instead on object relations theory, I argue that Ford’s houses of war are not screen memories but images of the failure of repression to screen off devastating experiences. The abysses of Chaos can be seen through the screen or projected upon it. Attending to Ford’s handling of this theme enables a new reading of his war writing and a new case for its coherence. The essay will connect the opening of No More Parades (in a hut, during a bombardment) with the war poem ‘The Old Houses of Flanders’; the postwar poem A House; the memoir It Was the Nightingale (quoted above); and the otherwise puzzling, fictionalised memoir No Enemy, structured in terms of ‘Four Landscapes’ and ‘Certain Interiors’.

Toward A New Understanding of Personality Organization: The Psychodiagnostic Chart as a Concept and Screening Tool in Mental Health

This study introduces the Psychodiagnostic Chart (PDC) and its later version, the PDC-2, into scientific evidence.The purpose of this work is to describe the utility of a new clinical tool for current and future mental health screening and treatment.The method of the present work is a descriptive qualitative based on previous research and preliminary data of the current study. The current study sample consists of a survey of mental health and psychosocial care providers in Italy (N=1000) regarding their attitudes toward the PDC-2. Regression analyses of the first and second examinations replicated by Ibrahimi et al. (2022-2023) found that affect regulation (or level of defensive functioning) (β = 0.35, t (93) = 6.01, p < 0.001), reality testing (β = 0.32, t (93) (pβ t = 5.02), relationship = 5.02 93) = 3.76, p < 0.001), and identity (β = 0.19, t (93) 3) = 2.69, p < .001). The overall model produced an R2 = .89, indicating that these four components accounted for 89% of the variance in the overall personality organization. Indices of the current research revealed that all predictor variables, including Affect regulation, Reality Testing, Object Relations, and Identity, were shown to have statistical significance for respondents (R2 = .898). RCI and MANOVA test values showed a statistically significant difference in mental health practitioners and synchronous positive attitude engagement compared to the psychosocial assistants for the development of positive attitudes toward the utility of PDC-2 as a screening tool RCI = 7.657; MANOVA, α =, 043; η2 p =, 453; RCI: 0, 19; MANOVA, α =, 075; η2 p =, 901. Other assets assessed for clinical and statistical significance relate to the sample evaluation of the utility of PDC-2 for addressing Personality Organization (PO) compared to other tools,such as MMPI-2RF. Indices show that in the overall PDC-2 for PO is (Z = 9,0987; Sig. = .720) (M = .53; SD = .50) compared to the MMPI-2 R.F. (Z = 2.801; Sig. = .601) (M = 2.16; SD = .560).The authors recommend that using PDC-2 as a standard tool for screening parameters of personality organization is an extraordinary resource for clinical and mental health screening and prevention.

Kendini Yenileme: Alan Sillitoe’nun “Balıkçı Teknesi Resmi” Hikâyesinde Kayıp ve Dönüşüm

This study explores the ideas presented by British writer Alan Sillitoe concerning existentialism, focusing on his unique perspective on the theme of loss through the lens of the British object relations theory. Sillitoe’s literary portrayal of the protagonist and his coping mechanisms for grief and loss offer a distinctive perspective to analyze shifts in individual identity. Our focus centres on Sillitoe’s story titled "The Fishing Boat Picture," which allows us to explore the connection between loss, grief, and personal transformation. Through the protagonist—an elderly man who comes to terms with his wife’s passing and discovers a sense of self—this paper presents a framework for comprehending how loss impacts the disruption and rebuilding of one’s identity. Moreover, it sheds light on how psychological experiences of loss can shape individuals’ perception of themselves by emphasizing how moments of loss and grief can lead to profound growth by serving as experiences. Ultimately, this research contributes to a comprehension of the psyche and how we navigate through losses and grief while constructing our identities.

Establishing Levels of Personality Functioning Using the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO-R): A Latent Profile Analysis

Both the new ICD-11 and the latest Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders focus on self and interpersonal functioning as the central feature of personality pathology, also acknowledging that personality disorders are organized along a dimensional continuum of severity. This revised understanding is in line with long-standing psychodynamic conceptualisations of personality pathology, in particular Kernberg’s object relations model of personality organization. Despite existing evidence for the clinical utility of the derived Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO-R), empirical support for the identification of clear cut-points between the different levels of personality functioning is missing. For this purpose, a total of 764 adult participants were recruited across two clinical (outpatient and inpatient) settings (n = 250) and two non-clinical (university students and general community) samples (n = 514). Results from the mixture modeling suggested the existence of five groups across the clinical and non-clinical samples that covered: healthy personality functioning, maladaptive personality rigidity, and mild, moderate, and severe levels of personality pathology. All five indicators of personality organization were found to be reliable predictors of personality pathology. Of the five STIPO-R indicators, Aggression and Moral Values had the most discriminative power for differentiating between the Mild, Moderate, and Severe personality disorder groups. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Negative Omnipotence

This paper aims to advance a theoretical and clinical perspective on the developmental origin and role of omnipotence in early object relations, and a differentiation of the adult sequelae of these maturational dynamics. The focus is on negative omnipotence as inherent in the constitution and impact of the psychotic part of the personality. The case history of the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a man with a psychiatric diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder illustrates the self and treatment defeating impact of negative omnipotence. Diplomatic therapeutic engagement, based on the understanding that these negative therapeutic dynamics represent unfinished maturational processes, is presented as enabling treatment to progress and facilitate gradual beneficial modification in the use of omnipotence intra‐psychically and inter‐personally.

A Novel Procedure for the AHP Method for the Site Selection of Solar PV Farms

This study proposes a novel approach to enhance the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the selection of suitable sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) farms. This approach is particularly beneficial when it is possible to establish a predefined objective relation in the final weights of the AHP method. The methodology focuses on achieving this predefined relation introducing a systematic revision of the constants of related constraints. In this study, the costs of constructing a unit transmission line and road in the Kayseri Province are objectively related, and the initial constant matrix of the AHP method is iteratively revised until the relation of the final weights converges to the predefined one. The suitability of solar PV farm locations is classified into five classes, revealing approximately 28% (40-100% of suitability) of the province as favorably suitable and designating about 67% as restricted zones. The findings reveal notable distinctions between the revised weights and those derived from the conventional AHP method. The disparity in weights for various constraints varies from 13.5% to 7.2%. Consequently, the alterations in the area of suitability regions range from 3.4% to 50%. The revision of AHP weights results in a reduction in higher-suitability areas, coupled with a significant expansion in the region exhibiting lower suitability. Notably, the extent of change in the suitability map increases when the difference in ratios between two criteria obtained from the AHP and the predefined objective relation is high. The proposed method demonstrates its applicability in regions like Kayseri where an objective relation between criteria can be established. Given the inherent subjectivity of the AHP method, the proposed procedure becomes essential to attain more objective weights. Since the methodology objectively adjusts weights based on known ratios, it increases the accuracy and reliability of site selection studies.

Broomrocket: Open Source Text-to-3D Algorithm for 3D Object Placement

Story writers and other creative professionals often rely on concept artists to visualize and then further iterate on their work during game development and other visualization processes. This exchange and its various stages are time-consuming, and there is no easy remedy for creating a walkable 3D concept art without involving a 3D artist yet. As a first step, we present Broomrocket, an open source text-to-3D algorithm for 3D concept art. Broomrocket’s contribution is an object relation and placement algorithm that transforms user input describing a 3D scene given in plain English language into actual models placed in a 3D scene. It runs locally using an existing downloaded natural language processing model and does not require third party services unless a connection to an online 3D model distribution platform is desired. In that case, Broomrocket will search for the keywords from the user’s narrative input and desired license, and place them in the 3D scene, adding each model’s individual license to a license file for further usage.

The Analysis of the Novel “The Museum Of Innocence” within the Framework of Bibliotheraphy Based on Object Relations Theory and Attachment Theory

Amaç: Orhan Pamuk’un yapıtlardan biri olan “Masumiyet Müzesi” adlı romanın, nesne ilişkileri kuramı ve bağlanma kuramıyla ilişkilendirilerek psikoterapilerde kullanılan bibliyoterapi çerçevesinde incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
 Yöntem: Kitapta yer alan başkarakter Kemal’in davranışlarına yansıyan etkileri ile bağlanma biçimleri; kitaptaki birtakım metinler aracılığı ile nitel inceleme ve değerlendirme yöntemleri ile açıklanmıştır.
 Bulgular: Bu incelemede, Kemal karakterinin davranışları ile kaygılı ve kaçıngan bağlanma biçimleri arasında bir ilişki olabileceği görülmektedir. Roman incelemesi sonucunda, diğer ana karakterlerden olan Füsun ve Sibel’in bakış açılarına oldukça sınırlı şekilde yer verilmesi, Kemal karakterinin ise çoğunlukla mutsuz anlarına odaklanılması ve sergilediği zıt tutumlar sonuç kısmında tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca Kemal’in romandaki diğer karakterlerle kurduğu ilişkiler nesne ilişkileri kuramı ışığında kitaptan örnek metinlerle örneklendirilerek değerlendirilmiştir.
 Sonuç: Bu inceleme sonucunda, psikoterapide kitap kullanımı (bibliyoterapi) açısından romanın değerlendirilmesinin, alanda aktif olarak çalışan ruh sağlığı uzmanlarına katkı sağlaması hedeflenmiştir. Psikoterapilerde; romantik ilişkiler, depresyon, ayrılık kaygısı, ayrılık sonrası kayıp-yas süreci vb. konulardaki sorunların ele alınmasında faydalı olabileceği belirtilebilir.

Explicit instruction improves the comprehension of Spanish object relatives by young monolingual children

Abstract The present study assessed the comprehension of Spanish object relative (OR) clauses by 6- and 7-year-old children before and after a brief training session targeting the structural differences between ORs and subject relatives. In addition, we investigated the potential relationships between OR comprehension on the one hand and vocabulary size and non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) on the other. Comprehension of ORs was very poor at the pre-test but improved considerably after training. Further improvement was observed between the immediate post-test and a delayed post-test, suggesting that the knowledge acquired during training had been integrated into the children’s developing linguistic systems. Non-verbal IQ and vocabulary were not found to predict comprehension accuracy. We take these results to suggest that children’s difficulties with ORs are better explained by their experience with this construction than by maturational factors and that explicit contrast and feedback can bolster grammatical development in L1 acquisition.

Reflections on the Experience of Being a Whole Human: Ogden, Winnicott, and Poetry

The author undertook a self-curated independent study that led her to consider the elements of the ontology of being a whole human. Thomas Ogden, D. W. Winnicott, and poetry were integral to the experience. While contemporary psychoanalytic constructs such as object relations, fantasy, enactment, early development, and the interpersonal remain the theoretical bedrock in our work, the mounting politico-cultural fragmentation and social crises of the present moment makes it more imperative than ever that we contemplate and engage with our patients and ourselves as whole humans and all that that wholeness implies. The author identifies seven components—love, authenticity/truth, aliveness, solitude, dialectical influence, loss, and bodily autonomy—as crucial contributors to the creative composite that is being a whole human. The author considers each component with reference to specific poems and to Ogden’s and Winnicott’s writings and lived beings.

“Everything Arrives Energetically, at First”

ABSTRACT New narratives can emerge and arrive when categories and concepts can be radically reimagined. This essay is a collection of notes that play with the concept of object relations, considering the presence of non-object relations, which may appear in the form of vibration and/or sound. As a way of offering the reader examples and possibilities for non-object relations, these notes draw on theories of classical Chinese medicine, the concept of the fade-out in music, and the performance style of Pansori, a traditional form of Korean music.

Examining the Mediating Role of Self-Concept in the Relationship between Object Relations and Narcissistic Personality

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-concept in the relationship between object relations and narcissistic personality. Methods and Materials: This research was descriptive and conducted using a correlational method. The statistical population included all students studying at universities in the city of Qom during the academic year 2020-2021, from which 397 individuals were selected using convenience sampling. Participants completed questionnaires on narcissistic personality, object relations, and self-concept scales. Structural equation modeling was performed using data obtained from the questionnaires. Findings: The results indicated that object relations directly explained 63% and indirectly through self-concept explained 25% of the variance in narcissistic personality. Overall, the estimated structural model, where object relations were the predictor variable and self-concept was the mediating variable, explained 88% of the variance in narcissistic personality. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that narcissistic personality is explained both directly and indirectly through self-concept by object relations.

Modeling Narcissistic Personality and Object Relations with the Mediating Role of Defense Mechanisms

Objective: Narcissistic personality disorder is conceptualized by Kernberg as one of the levels of personality, characterized by an unstable identity and primitive defense mechanisms such as splitting. The present study aimed to explain narcissistic personality disorder based on primary object relations with the mediating role of defense mechanisms. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was conducted using a correlational design. The statistical population included all students enrolled in universities in Qom city during the 2020-2021 academic year, from which 397 individuals were selected using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire, Object Relations Questionnaire, and Self-Concept Scale. Structural equation modeling was conducted using data obtained from the questionnaires. Findings: The results showed that object relations directly explained 63% and indirectly through defense mechanisms explained 25% of the narcissistic personality. In total, the estimation of the structural model, where object relations were the predictor variable and defense mechanisms were included as the mediating variable, indicated that this model explained 88% of the narcissistic personality. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that narcissistic personality is explained both directly and indirectly through defense mechanisms by object relations.

Explanation of the Model of Marital Commitment Based on Object Relations with the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation

Objective: Marriage is the largest and most important event in an individual's life, and a healthy marriage necessitates several elements including intimacy, commitment, and satisfaction. The present study aims to explain the model of predicting marital commitment based on object relations with the mediating role of emotion regulation. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study included all married couples residing in the city of Qom in 2023, totaling 7,634 individuals. From this population, 148 women and 110 men were selected through purposive sampling. This research utilized a descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling design. Participants completed the Marital Commitment Inventory (DCI) by Adams and Jones (1997), the Emotion Regulation Scale (ACS) by Williams et al. (1997), and the Object Relations Scale by Bell et al. (1995). Data analysis was conducted descriptively and inferentially using SPSS-28 and AMOS-24 software. The relationships between variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis, and the mediating role was tested using the Sobel method. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between object relations and marital commitment was confirmed (p < .05). The indirect effect of object relations on marital commitment was -0.319. Conclusion: The results showed that considering the complex reciprocal influence of topics emerging in couples' interactions and experiences, as well as the role of emotion regulation, can provide valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the success and longevity of relationships.

Modeling the Relationship Between Reality Testing and Object Relations with Psychological Well-being Through the Mediation of Defense Mechanisms in Grief Disorder

Objective: The present research aimed to model the relationship between reality testing and object relations with psychological well-being through the mediation of defense mechanisms in grief disorder. Methods and Materials: The research method was correlational and of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) type. The statistical population included all individuals who met the diagnostic criteria for grief disorder and visited psychological clinics in District 1 of Tehran in the year 2022. The sample size, considering the number of observed variables and allocating a coefficient of 15 for each observed variable, was selected as 240 individuals through a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included Bell’s Reality Testing and Object Relations Questionnaire (1988), Andrews’ Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (1993), and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1995). In this study, structural regression equation modeling and SPSS22 and Amos 23 software were used for data analysis. Findings: The research results showed that the indirect relationship of object relations to psychological well-being through defense mechanisms (β = -0.32) is significant (p ≤ 0.01). Also, it was determined that the indirect relationship of reality testing to psychological well-being through defense mechanisms (β = -0.35) is significant (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the research model was confirmed in terms of significance and fit indicators. The findings highlight the role of reality testing, object relations, and psychological well-being in grief disorder, hence, these findings can have clinical applications and be effective in therapeutic programs related to grief disorder.

Explaining the Model of Marital Commitment Based on Object Relations with the Mediating Role of Ego Strength

Marriage is the greatest and most significant event in an individual's life, and a healthy marriage requires several elements, including intimacy, commitment, and satisfaction. This study aimed to explain a model predicting marital commitment based on object relations with the mediating role of ego strength. The statistical population of the present study included all married couples residing in the city of Qom in 2023, totaling 7,634 individuals. Of these, 258 individuals (148 women and 110 men) were selected through purposive sampling. This study used a descriptive-correlational research design and structural equation modeling. Participants completed the Marital Commitment Inventory (DCI) by Adams and Jones (1997), the Object Relations Inventory by Bell et al. (1995), and the Ego Strength Inventory by Markstrom et al. (1997). Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS-28 and AMOS-24 software. The relationships among variables were examined using Pearson correlation and path analysis, and the mediating role was tested using the Sobel method. The findings of this study confirmed the mediating role of ego strength in the relationship between object relations and marital commitment (p < .05). The indirect effect of object relations on marital commitment was -0.062. The results indicate that considering the complex interplay of issues that arise in couples' interactions and experiences, as well as the role of ego strength, can provide valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the success and longevity of relationships.

Breastfeeding, mutual gratification, and emotion self-regulation: Bridging gaps across object relations, drive- and attachment-based psychoanalytic theories.

Breastfeeding, mutual gratification, and emotion self-regulation: Bridging gaps across object relations, drive- and attachment-based psychoanalytic theories.

Graph-Based Multimodal Topic Modeling With Word Relations and Object Relations

Graph-Based Multimodal Topic Modeling With Word Relations and Object Relations