Regulatory Limits Research Articles

Fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through commercial composting facilities.

Fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through commercial composting facilities.

Miniaturized QuEChERS extraction (μQuEChERS) combined with HPLC-MS/MS as new analytical method for determination of 105 residues of pesticides in fruit by-products extracts.

Miniaturized QuEChERS extraction (μQuEChERS) combined with HPLC-MS/MS as new analytical method for determination of 105 residues of pesticides in fruit by-products extracts.

Spatial distribution of water quality in water bodies influenced by agricultural activities

Agriculture is a major contributor to non-point source pollution due to the intensive use of agrochemicals. This study examined the spatial distribution of pollutants from agricultural activities in the Sumani sub-catchment, West Sumatra, Indonesia, which drains into Lake Singkarak. Thirteen water quality parameters were measured, including electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), sulfate, nitrate, calcium, sodium, total phosphorus (TP), potassium, magnesium, chlorpyrifos, and mancozeb. Results showed significant variation in water quality across the sampling sites. Downstream areas had higher levels of TSS, TDS, and major ions, mainly due to agricultural and urban activities. The lowest TSS levels were recorded at a site within the lake, likely due to sediment settling. River water generally met drinking water standards; however, TP and DO concentrations in the lake exceeded regulatory limits, potentially influenced by floating net cage aquaculture. Principal Component Analysis identified three main sources of pollution: agricultural activities (34.87%), combined agricultural and urban influences (20.15%), and soil erosion (12.15%). These findings highlight the need for better erosion control, sustainable farming practices, and consistent water quality monitoring. Further research is crucial to understand the long-term effects of agriculture on water resources and to develop strategies that reduce environmental impacts.

Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Krynka River Basin Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy Methods

This study presents a biomonitoring study of surface waters in the Krynka River basin, encompassing three major regional reservoirs: Khanzhenkovskoe, Olkhovskoe, and Zuyevskoe. These water bodies face significant anthropogenic pressure from mining effluents, industrial discharges, and domestic wastewater. Key pollutants identified are surfactants (SAAs), sulfates, phenols, chlorides, and manganese, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeding regulatory limits. The research was conducted in September 2024. Based on the Specific Combinatorial Water Pollution Index, surface waters in the studied objects can be characterized as slightly polluted. To assess the negative impact of the identified pollutants on hydrobionts, the species composition of phytoplankton of the studied water bodies was analyzed. In the Olkhovskoe Reservoir and Olkhovaya River, cyanobacterial blooms (Oscillatoria agardhii G.) were observed, altering biodiversity in the Krynka River and Zuyevskoe Reservoir. Phytoplankton genera Synedra, Amphiprora, and Navicula—established bioindicators of aquatic ecosystem health—were dominant in Khanzhenkovskoe Reservoir, signaling nutrient enrichment and organic pollution. Changes in the species composition and structure of phytoplankton in the Krynka River, its tributaries and reservoirs, indicate a change in the level of saprobic water bodies from β to α-mesosaprobic, which indicates both the general level of surface water pollution and the accumulation of pollutants along the course of the river. The paper presents the results of fluorimetric analysis of photosynthetic activity of natural phytoplankton cells and demonstrates the possibility of using fluorescence induction curves for regular monitoring measurements. Fluorescence parameters indicate a general deterioration of photosynthetic activity of natural phytoplankton. The growth of Oscillatoria agardhii in the waters of the Olkhovskoe Reservoir and of green microalgae in the Zuevskoe Reservoir led to an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and the total photosynthetic activity index (PI), which makes it possible to use these parameters as indicator parameters reflecting the intensity of “blooming” of various phytoplankton species.

Exposure to disinfection by-products and risk of birth defects: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Exposure to disinfection by-products and risk of birth defects: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Extraction and Quantification of Hexavalent Chromium in Eyeshadow Toy Cosmetics Using Ultrasonic Nebulization Mass Spectrometry and Anion Exchange Chromatography: Strategies to Prevent Chromium Species Interconversion

Hexavalent chromium is a potent carcinogen occasionally detected in cosmetics as a trace impurity originating from raw materials or manufacturing processes. Its presence in children’s toy eyeshadows poses serious health concerns due to potential dermal or mucosal absorption. Accurate Cr (VI) quantification is hampered by interconversion with Cr (III), especially during extraction and chromatographic analysis. This study presents a robust and sensitive analytical method for selective Cr (VI) determination in complex cosmetic matrices using ion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, enhanced by ultrasonic nebulization. An optimized extraction protocol was developed employing a weakly alkaline buffer containing 2 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to stabilize Cr (VI) and prevent reduction. The final method achieved a limit of detection of 0.3 µg/L and limit of quantification of 0.9 µg/L. Recovery experiments demonstrated that more than 99% of Cr (VI) could be efficiently extracted after two mild extraction cycles, whereas Cr (III) exhibited poor recoverability, even when subjected to harsh extraction conditions. Consequently, Cr (III) was quantified by subtracting Cr (VI) from total chromium, determined after microwave-assisted digestion. Method validation using in-house prepared reference materials confirmed satisfactory trueness (11-15%) and precision (CV ≤ 7.9%). Application to seven commercial toy eyeshadows revealed Cr (VI) levels below the regulatory limit (1.0 mg/kg), although total chromium concentrations indicated the prevalent presence of Cr (III). This methodology provides a reliable and regulatory-compliant approach for Cr (VI) speciation in cosmetic products, supporting consumer safety, particularly in paediatric populations.

Retention of Heavy Metals in the Substrate of An Extensive Green Roof: An Experimental Study in Recife, Brazil

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the concentration of ten heavy metals in the substrate of an extensive green roof located in the city of Recife-PE, comparing the results with the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 420/2009, in order to identify, quantify, and assess the substrate's capacity to retain certain heavy metals. Theoretical Framework: Green infrastructures, such as green roofs, function as nature-based solutions by promoting climate resilience, improving air quality, controlling urban drainage, and filtering atmospheric pollutants. Additionally, these systems may act as sinks or sources of certain contaminants, including some heavy metals. Method: Bimonthly collections of surface substrate samples were carried out on an urban extensive green roof, and ten heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Hg, Ni, and Zn) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), followed by verification of compliance with CONAMA Resolution No. 420/2009, which addresses soil quality for environmental and agricultural use. Results and Discussion: The concentrations found in the investigation were mostly low and below regulatory limits. Variations were observed in relation to rainfall, with greater retention of iron, manganese, and zinc, highlighting the substrate as the main filtering medium. Research Implications: The results contribute to understanding the role of green roofs in pollutant retention, with implications for urban planning, environmental management, and the use of nature-based solutions in tropical urban environments. Originality/Value: This study contributes to literature by expanding knowledge on the presence and behavior of certain heavy metals in the substrate of an urban extensive green roof, reinforcing the need for technical criteria in the management of such infrastructures, with implications for urban planning and environmental sustainability.

Risk Assessment and Correlation Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Soil and Crops: A Case Study in a Typical Area

Soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) not only poses potential ecological risks (RI) but also leads to human health risks (HI) through the uptake of potentially toxic elements by crops. However, most studies primarily focus on potentially toxic element contamination in either soil or crops, often neglecting the intrinsic connections between soil and crop contamination risks. In reality, some regions may exhibit severe soil PTE exceedances, yet the PTE levels in crops may not necessarily exceed regulatory limits, resulting in human health risks that are not uniformly high. This study investigated a typical area with severe soil PTE pollution caused by wastewater from electroplating, smelting, and ore beneficiation industries, and conducted risk assessments on soil and crops. The research aims to elucidate the differences in soil and crop PTE contamination risks and the correlations between PTE concentrations in soil and crops. Results showed that Cd was the most severe PTE contaminant in the soil in the study area, with an average concentration of 1.11 mg/kg and a maximum concentration of 7.30 mg/kg. However, the average concentrations of eight PTEs in crops were all below the standard limits for cereal crops specified in the Food Safety National Standard for Pollutant Limits in Foods (GB 2726-2022). Cd was identified as the most severe PTE contaminant in the soil, resulting in the highest RI (836) in the MY sub-region of the study area. However, Cr in crops contributed the most to health risk (63.5%), leading to the highest HI (7.1) in sub-region MY. Despite Cd being the most severely polluting PTE in soil, its contribution to human health risk through crops was relatively low, ranging from 2.82% to 9.90%. This discrepancy in pollution risks indicates that a PTE causing severe soil contamination may not necessarily result in significant human health risks via crop uptake. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that soil PTEs had the greatest impact on Cd levels in crops. Soil Ni, Cd, Cu, As, and Zn exhibited different synergistic or antagonistic effects on crop PTE uptake. Notably, soil Cd content showed a highly significant positive regression relationship with Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations in crops. Overall, the influence of soil PTEs on crop PTEs varied significantly, and the spatial differentiation characteristics of PTEs in soil and crops differed. For PTEs with high spatial differentiation, localized and precise management measures should be implemented. Conversely, for PTEs with low spatial differentiation, unified risk management and control measures can be adopted.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Green Mussel (Perna viridis) and Oyster (Magallana bilineata) harvested in Northern Luzon, Philippines

Bivalves are a significant global food source due to their affordability, abundance, and nutritional value. However, urbanization and tourism introduce pollutants like heavy metals particularly cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), raising public health concerns. Bivalve samples are collected using convenience sampling during dry and wet seasons. Environmental water samples are also collected for comparative assessment of heavy metals. Using Graphite Furnace–Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, heavy metal concentrations in edible tissues of bivalves were analyzed. Health risk assessments, including Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD), Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR), were evaluated following U.S. EPA and FAO/WHO. For green mussels the Cd levels averages to 0.0071 mg/kg for both seasons. On the other hand, Cd levels of oyster averages to 0.0298 mg/kg. Both bivalves show Pb and Hg concentrations less than the method detection limits of 0.0480 and 0.0173 mg/kg, respectively. These concentrations were within regulatory limits of Cd, Pb, and Hg set by EU Regulation 2023/915, i.e., 1, 1.5, and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. LADD did not exceed the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake, while HQ and CR values were below the threshold value of one, indicating no associated health risks. Hence the study can be used to formulate risk management measures and public health advisories. Furthermore, the study excluded other bivalve and univalve species endemic to the growing areas which highlights the need for risk assessment monitoring to ensure food safety.

Metal(loid)s and minerals in fish tissues: health risk–benefit assessment and variations by gender and size

In this study, the concentrations of 15 metal(loid)s and minerals (MMs) were measured in the muscle, liver and gills of two economically important fish species (Cyprinus carpio and Tinca tinca) collected from Hirfanlı Reservoir (Türkiye) using inductively coupled plasma–tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of fish weight, length and gender on the concentrations of MMs in the tissues, the health risks of metal(loid)s and the nutritional importance of essential metals and minerals were also evaluated. Results indicated that MM concentrations were similar between the two species, likely due to their simultaneous capture from the same reservoir location. Generally, higher MM levels were found in the liver and gills than in muscle. The most abundant MMs in the gills, liver and muscle were Ca (9677 mg/kg wet weight (ww)), P (5161 mg/kg ww) and K (5398 mg/kg ww), respectively. No statistically significant trends were observed in MM accumulation in the tissues based on fish gender or size. Both species were good sources of essential nutrients (Ca, Mg, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn). The average concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn were below regulatory safety limits, indicating no significant health risk. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values indicated that consuming these fish species would not pose a health risk to adults. Weekly consumption amounts below 210 g for C. carpio and below 280 g for T. tinca were deemed safe. The findings suggest that the nutritional benefits of these fish outweigh the potential health risks from metal(loid)s.

Intelligent Active and Reactive Power Management for Wind-Based Distributed Generation in Microgrids via Advanced Metaheuristic Optimization

This research evaluates the performance of six metaheuristic algorithms in the active and reactive power management of wind turbines (WTs) integrated into an AC microgrid (MG). The population-based genetic algorithm (PGA) is proposed as the primary optimization strategy and is rigorously compared against five benchmark techniques: Monte Carlo (MC), particle swarm optimization (PSO), the JAYA algorithm, the generalized normal distribution optimizer (GNDO), and the multiverse optimizer (MVO). This study aims to minimize, through independent optimization scenarios, the operating costs, power losses, or CO2 emissions of the microgrid during both grid-connected and islanded modes. To achieve this, a coordinated control strategy for distributed generators is proposed, offering flexible adaptation to economic, technical, or environmental priorities while accounting for the variability of power generation and demand. The proposed optimization model includes active and reactive power constraints for both conventional generators and WTs, along with technical and regulatory limits imposed on the MG, such as current thresholds and nodal voltage boundaries. To validate the proposed strategy, two scenarios are considered: one involving 33 nodes and another one featuring 69. These configurations allow evaluation of the aforementioned optimization strategies under different energy conditions while incorporating the power generation and demand variability corresponding to a specific region of Colombia. The analysis covers two-time horizons (a representative day of operation and a full week) in order to capture both short-term and weekly fluctuations. The variability is modeled via an artificial neural network to forecast renewable generation and demand. Each optimization method undergoes a statistical evaluation based on multiple independent executions, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of its effectiveness in terms of solution quality, average performance, repeatability, and computation time. The proposed methodology exhibits the best performance for the three objectives, with excellent repeatability and computational efficiency across varying microgrid sizes and energy behavior scenarios.

Geographical distribution of potentially toxic elements in olive oils from the Fes-Meknes region of Morocco and their health risk assessment.

Geographical distribution of potentially toxic elements in olive oils from the Fes-Meknes region of Morocco and their health risk assessment.

Comparative paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in three important Aotearoa New Zealand marine invertebrate species: kina (Evechinus chloroticus), pāua (Haliotis iris) and hohehohe (Panopea zelandica)

ABSTRACT This study investigated the potential for paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) accumulation in three of Aotearoa New Zealand's (NZ) taonga seafood species: kina (urchin; Evechinus chloroticus), pāua (abalone; Haliotis iris) and hohehohe (geoduck; Panopea zelandica) in laboratory exposures to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum. Although PST accumulation data are scarce or non-existent for these three species, international studies have reported toxin accumulation in related genera. Given the prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in areas of NZ where these species are harvested, this research aimed to assess PST uptake in different tissue types (e.g. viscera, siphons, flesh) following a seven-day controlled exposure to the PST-producing A. pacificum. Results showed that while the filter feeding hohehohe exceeded regulatory PST limits in the viscera following exposure, the two grazing species (kina and pāua) did not accumulate PSTs beyond the regulatory limit of 0.8 mg STX.2HCl eq kg−1 in 7 days. However, A. pacificum DNA and PSTs were detected in the viscera of all species, confirming ingestion of the microalgal cells. This is the first controlled PST-uptake study of these economically and ecologically important species, providing valuable insights into the risks of paralytic shellfish poisoning following collection of these species after a HAB event.

Assessment of Essential Elements and Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Organic and Conventional Flaxseeds: Implications for Dietary Exposure and Food Safety

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is valued for its fibers and nutrient-rich seeds, which are increasingly consumed for their health benefits. However, flaxseeds can also accumulate potentially toxic elements (PTEs), raising concerns about safety. This study quantified 11 essential elements (e.g., Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn) and 9 PTEs (e.g., Al, Cd, Pb, and Ni) in commercial flaxseed samples using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. Two intake scenarios (15 g/day and 30 g/day) were analyzed to estimate dietary exposure, with health risks assessed through the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). The results showed that organic flaxseeds had higher levels of certain elements (e.g., Cu, K, and Pb), while Al and Ni were more abundant in conventional samples. Cadmium levels in both remained below the EU regulatory limit. The highest estimated daily intakes were for K, Mg, and Ca, highlighting the seeds’ nutritional value. However, HI values suggested that Al and Pb could pose health risks. These findings emphasize flaxseeds’ dual nature as both beneficial and potentially harmful, particularly given the lack of specific regulatory limits and limited data on elemental composition. Continued monitoring and risk assessment are recommended to safeguard public health.

Screening and Relative Quantification of Migration from Novel Thermoplastic Starch and PBAT Blend Packaging

A novel biodegradable food packaging material based on cassava thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) blends containing food preservatives was successfully developed using blown-film extrusion. This active packaging is designed to enhance the appearance, taste, and color of food products, while delaying quality deterioration. However, the incorporation of food preservatives directly influences consumer perception, as well as health and safety concerns. Therefore, this research aims to assess the risks associated with both intentionally added substances (IAS) and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) present in the developed active packaging. The migration of both intentionally and non-intentionally added substances (IAS and NIAS) was evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Fifteen different volatile compounds were detected, with the primary compound identified as 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione, originating from the PBAT component. This compound, along with others, resulted from the polymerization of adipic acid, terephthalic acid, and butanediol, forming linear and cyclic PBAT oligomers. Migration experiments were conducted using three food simulants—95% ethanol, 10% ethanol, and 3% acetic acid—over a period of 10 days at 60 °C. No migration above the detection limits of the analytical methods was observed for 3% acetic acid and 10% ethanol. However, migration studies with 95% ethanol revealed the presence of new compounds formed through interactions between the simulant and PBAT monomers or oligomers, indicating the packaging’s sensitivity to high-polarity food simulants. Nevertheless, the levels of these migrated compounds remained below the regulatory migration limits.

The impact of florfenicol treatment on the microbial populations present in the gill, intestine, and skin of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

BackgroundFlorfenicol is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial approved in many countries for treating bacterial infections in production animals. Although florfenicol has been widely used in the US catfish industry, its impact on the native microbiota within catfish tissues remains largely unknown. Florfenicol treatment is followed by a mandatory withdrawal period to ensure drug residues fall below regulatory limits before harvest. This interval also allows for the potential recovery of the native microbiota. In particular, the skin and gill microbiota have often been overlooked in aquaculture microbiome research. Moreover, the dynamics of microbial communities and resistome profiles following drug withdrawal are still poorly understood, despite their ecological significance.ResultsA significant increase in intestinal microbial diversity was observed at the end of the withdrawal period. The highest alpha diversity (Shannon index) was observed in catfish intestines. This increase indicated the restoration of the normal microbiota in catfish intestine. The predominant bacterial phyla shared among catfish gill, intestine, and skin are Proteobacteria (62%), Bacteroidetes (18%), Actinobacteriota (12%), Firmicutes (3%), Patescibacteria (2%), and Verrucomicrobiota (1%). Florfenicol application can have lasting effects through the withdrawal period, particularly altering the intestinal microbial community.ConclusionThe result of this study underscores the impact of florfenicol treatment on the bacterial landscape and antibiotic resistance in catfish, highlighting significant changes in microbial composition in the catfish intestine and at the end of the withdrawal period. These findings address the need for monitoring and managing antibiotic resistance in fish farming environments.

Thermal and Emission Performance Evaluation of Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas-Fired Domestic Condensing Boilers

The combustion of gaseous fuels in condensing boilers contributes to the greenhouse gas and toxic compound emissions in exhaust gases. Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, could play a key role in decarbonizing the residential heating sector. However, its significantly different combustion behavior compared to hydrocarbon fuels requires thorough investigation prior to implementation in heating systems. This study presents experimental and theoretical analyses of the co-combustion of natural gas with hydrogen in low-power-output condensing boilers (second and third generation), with hydrogen content of up to 50% by volume. The results show that mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas contribute to increasing heat transfer in boilers through convection and flue gas radiation. They also highlight the benefits of using the heat from the condensation of vapors in the flue gases. Other studies have observed an increase in efficiency of up to 1.6 percentage points compared to natural gas at 50% hydrogen content. Up to a 6% increase in the amount of energy recovered by water vapor condensation was also recorded, while exhaust gas losses did not change significantly. Notably, the addition of hydrogen resulted in a substantial decrease in the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). At 50% hydrogen content, NOx emissions decreased several-fold to 2.7 mg/m3, while CO emissions were reduced by a factor of six, reaching 9.9 mg/m3. All measured NOx values remained well below the current regulatory limit for condensing gas boilers, which is 33.5 mg/m3. These results highlight the potential of hydrogen blending as a transitional solution on the path toward cleaner residential heating systems.

Cobalt Single-Atom Nanozyme-Enabled Multimodal Lateral Flow Immunoassay for On-Site Ultrasensitive Detection of Tetracycline Residues in Agri-Food Products.

Tetracycline (TC) residues in agricultural products pose serious food safety risks, necessitating sensitive and field-deployable detection tools. Conventional lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used but suffer from limited sensitivity and high cost. To overcome these challenges, we developed a cobalt single-atom nanozyme (CoSAN) using a template-pyrolysis strategy. The resulting Co-N5 coordination structure exhibited excellent peroxidase-like activity (Km: 0.622 mM for TMB, 0.294 mM for H2O2), generating •OH, •O2-, and 1O2 to enhance both colorimetric and chemiluminescent signals. A multimodal LFIA platform was constructed by integrating CoSAN, enabling colorimetric screening, catalytic amplification, and chemiluminescence quantification. Detection limits reached 0.091, 0.062, and 0.056 ng/mL, representing 43-, 63-, and 70-fold sensitivity improvements over those of AuNP-LFIAs. Application to real milk and honey samples showed no TC levels above the regulatory limits. This study presents a robust, sensitive, and cost-effective approach for on-site food contaminant screening.

Installation of renewable capacities to meet energy demand and emission constraints under uncertainty

Abstract This paper focuses on minimizing the costs of installing renewable energy capacity while meeting emission constraints under uncertainty in both energy demand and renewable production. We consider a setting where decision-makers must determine when and how much renewable capacity to install, balancing investment costs with future emissions. Our optimization problem combines cost minimization with a probabilistic constraint on total accumulated emissions, reflecting regulatory limits that may be exceeded only with small probability. We examine different investment strategies, allowing for one or multiple installation times, and provide explicit solutions in simplified cases. Our main insight is that, under reasonable assumptions on costs and uncertainty, a single, well-timed investment is optimal and may be delayed to reduce costs when uncertainty and discounting are accounted for. These results challenge common stepwise installation strategies and suggest that committing to a single large investment, possibly postponed, may be more cost-effective and efficient in reaching emission targets. Our findings offer practical guidance for policymakers and energy planners on how to balance costs, timing, and environmental goals when expanding renewable energy capacity under uncertainty.

Enhanced Thermal Resilience of Olive Oils: Fatty Acid Dynamics with Polyphenols Supplementation.

This study investigates the impact of hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) supplementation on the fatty acid profiles and oxidative stability of various extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) cultivars and other edible oils during prolonged deep-frying. EVOO cultivars including Picual, Cornicabra, Empeltre, Arbequina, Hojiblanca, Manzanilla, Royuela, Koroneiki, and Arbosana were analyzed alongside two sunflower oils and three refined olive oils under thermal stress at 170-210 °C for 3-6 h. HTyr consistently preserved monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly oleic acid (C18:1), while significantly reducing the degradation of polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (p < 0.05) in many oil samples; for example, in olive oil °1, TMUFAs in Exp 1 revealed 7.28%, while in Exp 5 (with HTyr), TMUFAs increased to 7.47%. In olive oil °0.4, TMUFAs increased from 8.52% in Exp 1 to 9.17% in Exp 5. Additionally, In EVOO cv. Picual, total SFAs increased slightly, from 16.58% in Exp 1 to 16.96%, in Exp 5. Notably, total MUFA content (TMUFAs) was best preserved in Manzanilla (81.92%), followed by Hojiblanca (78.52%), Empeltre (78.09%), olive oil 1° (78.20%), Koroneiki (77.60%), and Arbosana (77.01%) (p < 0.05), indicating strong oxidative resistance. In Arbequina and Royuela oils, oleic acid retention also exceeded 76% after deep-frying. HTyr helped maintain fatty acid profiles within EU regulatory limits across most cultivars, despite minor exceedances in specific SFAs, such as lignoceric acid (C24:0), likely due to varietal traits or harvest timing. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct clustering patterns: sunflower oils grouped around linoleic acid (C18:2), reflecting high PUFA content, while olive oils clustered near oleic and palmitic acids. Cultivars such as Picual, Empeltre, Manzanilla, and Royuela showed unique associations with lignoceric acid, supporting the use of fatty acid profiles as cultivar-specific markers. HTyr supplementation enhanced oxidative stability and quality retention across oil types in terms of fatty acids profile, corroborating previous findings on the resilience of polyphenol-rich EVOOs under thermal stress. Furthermore, fatty acid composition varied significantly according to cultivar, HTyr, and deep-frying (p < 0.05), highlighting the complexity of oil quality determinants. This study supports the application of HTyr as a natural antioxidant to improve thermal stability and nutritional quality, not only in olive oils but also in other edible oils. These findings promote sustainable practices aligned with circular economy principles and advance the understanding of fatty acid dynamics during deep-frying. HTyr-enriched oils present promising potential in both culinary and industrial contexts.