1. Three experiments were conducted to determine whether opioid regulation of ingestive behavior in the domestic fowl is mediated at sites within the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral tissues. 2. Food and water intake were significantly decreased by the intramuscular (im) injection of naloxone hydrochloride (NHCl) and naloxone methobromide, which have a high and low ability, respectively, to cross the blood-brain barrier. 3. Water, but not food, intake was significantly decreased by the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NHC1. However, water intake was not affected by the im injection of doses which were effective when given ICV. 4. These results suggest that in the domestic fowl there is a peripheral component to opioid regulation of food intake, while opioid regulation of water intake seems to be mediated at peripheral sites and within the CNS.