Against the backdrop of energy conservation, emission reduction and green low-carbon development, traditional syngas production processes are plagued by high energy consumption and excessive greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, the photocatalytic CO2reduction technology, driven by solar energy, enables the conversion of CO2into syngas. It combines the values of environmental protection and resource recycling, thus becoming a current research hotspot. In the design of high-efficiency single-atom catalysts (SACs) for photocatalytic CO2reduction, the microenvironment design of single-atom metal sites is of crucial importance. Based on this, in this work, a series of Co-coordinated COF catalysts named Triazine-COF-Co-Cl were synthesized to regulate the Co-coordination microenvironment for enhancing syngas production via photocatalytic CO2reduction. Among them, the Triazine-COF-Co-AA catalyst with the best performance achieved a syngas production rate of 381.7 mmol g−1h−1, and the H2/CO molar ratio could be continuously adjusted in the range of 1-3, which is sufficient to cover the commonly used syngas ratio range in industry. This paper improves the performance of COF-based photocatalysts for syngas production via CO2reduction through the regulation of Co-coordination environment, and provides ideas and certain data support for the research on solving energy and environmental problems and reducing CO2emissions.

This article examines how digital forms of political activity among youth in the North Caucasus gain legitimacy and become institutionalized. It treats these processes as a key factor shaping the transformation of civic participation in a hybrid institutional environment. Drawing on a large-scale sociological study conducted across all regions of the macroregion, the authors reconstruct the complex patterns of political socialization with-in the digital generation. The work empirically and theoretically argues the phenomenon of “digital muteness”, which describes a stable gap between high hidden engagement with the information agenda and a low willing-ness to speak publicly. The authors show that this phenomenon emerges from the combined effects of perceived digital risks, a deficit of institutionally protected channels for expression, and sociocultural limitations of the public subjectivity of youth. The authors focus on the verification of the hypothesis that digital activism has a compensatory nature. Under this hypothesis, online space provides an alternative channel for expressing civic demands, especially for groups excluded from official youth policy frameworks. The results highlight the need to rethink legal regulation of the digital environment. They aim to overcome the divergence between official and online paths of socialization and creating conditions that help young people turn their technological potential into constructive civic co-creation.

Regulation of nitrogen-doped strong reductive environment for lignin-based Fe–N–C catalysts and their application in zinc-air batteries

Unveiling the dynamic interface evolution co-induced by cations and vacancies for boosted in situ hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis.

Tomatoes cultivated in facility agriculture often encounter low-light stress in autumn, winter, and early spring. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementary lighting with different spectral compositions dominated by red-blue (RB) light on plant growth, fruit development, and quality formation of early spring facility-grown tomatoes. Six supplementary lighting treatments were set up: red-blue (RB), red-blue + red (RB + R), red-blue + blue (RB + B), red-blue + green (RB + G), red-blue + far-red (RB + FR), and red-blue + ultraviolet A (RB + UVA). The treatment with no supplementary lighting served as the control (CK), and supplementary lighting was provided from 06:00 to 08:30 and from 18:30 to 22:00 daily. The results showed that, compared with CK, supplementary lighting with different spectral compositions significantly promoted plant growth, accelerated fruit ripening, and improved yield and quality (P < 0.05). Compared with the RB treatment, the RB + R treatment significantly increased the number of large fruits and yield per plant by 25.79% and 6.94%, respectively, demonstrating a superior effect on promoting yield formation over other treatments; the RB + B treatment was beneficial for increasing stem diameter and leaf SPAD value, and the contents of vitamin C and soluble protein were significantly higher than those in the RB treatment during the late stage of fruit development (fruit color-breaking stage and mature stage); the RB + G treatment had the highest average fruit weight, which was significantly increased by 8.29% compared with the RB treatment; during the late stage of fruit development, the contents of lycopene, soluble protein, amino acids, and total phenols in the RB + G treatment were significantly higher than those in the RB treatment, and the soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio was the highest at the fruit mature stage; the RB + FR treatment significantly increased the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, amino acids, and the sugar-acid ratio during the late stage of fruit development, and the fruit color parameters (a* and b* values) were significantly higher than those of the RB treatment; the RB + UVA treatment stimulated plant height growth in the short term and significantly increased the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and organic acids during the late stage of fruit development. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the regulation of the light environment in facility agriculture and the efficient production of facility-grown tomatoes.

In urban settings, the relationship between parents' nutrition knowledge and children's actual dietary intake is often unstable, limiting the applicability of the linear interpretation of the Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices (KAP) model. The aim of this study was to assess how family sociodemographic characteristics and neighborhood characteristics are associated with parental KAP components and the organization of children's meals at school in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified cluster sample. A total of 863 parents participated. The parent survey assessed knowledge about healthy eating (K), attitudes toward school meals (A), and school meal management practices (P). Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between parental age, neighborhood, education level, and food expenditures with KAP indicators. Parents' knowledge level was not statistically significantly associated with the organization of children's meals at school, indicating a gap between knowledge and practice. The most pronounced associations were observed with contextual factors. Children of parents under 30 years of age were more likely to eat in the school canteen (OR = 1.82; p < 0.05), while parents over 40 years of age were less likely to use it (OR = 0.32; p < 0.001) with a simultaneous increase in the likelihood of consuming sweets (OR = 1.34; p < 0.05). Living in the South-East district was associated with more frequent food purchases by children outside of school (OR = 1.87; p < 0.001) with a lower likelihood of bringing fast food from home (OR = 0.20; p < 0.001). The limitations of strategies focused solely on education and highlights the need for comprehensive measures that combine the modernization of school meals with the regulation of the food environment around schools.

Greenhouse technology can achieve high-quality and high-yield crops and promote the development of the agricultural economy. With the rapid development of science and technology, measurement and control technology, computer technology and other technologies have been applied to improve and innovate greenhouse facilities, and different control technologies are also being updated. Artificial intelligence technology can achieve multi-factor efficient rapid collection and rapid linkage regulation of the greenhouse environment based on system data, injecting new vitality into greenhouse technology. Although not yet perfect, intelligent greenhouse technology has great prospects and is worth exploring and trying. It is one of the future development directions of facility agriculture.

• Stakeholders viewed the legislation as a force for good but highlighted challenges in implementation and enforcement. • Stakeholders reported limited government communication, delayed guidance, and access to product nutrition data as key implementation challenges. • Seven policy recommendations were co-developed to support the development and implementation of effective food policy in future. In 2022, legislation in England restricted products high in fat, sugar, or salt (HFSS) in prominent store locations. This study explores retail sector (including enforcement of legislation in retail) responses to the legislation’s implementation. Four major UK retailers – ASDA, Morrisons, Sainsbury’s and Tesco − completed business-level online surveys. Interviews were conducted with representatives from three retailers (n = 13; Asda, Morrisons, Sainsbury’s), the British Retail Consortium (n = 1), and primary authority enforcement (n = 1) (N = 15). Data were collected between July and November 2024. Findings informed co-production workshops (n = 3) to develop policy recommendations. Stakeholders supported legislation aims but voiced concerns about complexities with interpretation and implementation, limited communication with government, access to product nutrition data, and delays to guidance. Retailers utilised various HFSS product promotional strategies while achieving compliance. Retailers reported very limited enforcement. These findings were synthesised and facilitated the development of seven policy recommendations through co-production workshops between academics and the Institute of Grocery distribution. HFSS legislation represents a landmark shift in regulation of the retail food environment, but clearer, timely guidance, data provision, and transparent co-production with actors cognisant of the food sector is needed to ensure legislation can be effectively implemented, enforced and evaluated.

Ligand engineering enhances Co-MOF/GF anode electrochemical degradation of atrazine.

Rationally designed nanoarchitectures with optimized electrochemical behavior provide a unique strategy to improve the redox kinetics of battery electrodes, enabling the simultaneous delivery of high energy and power densities. Here, we report a molybdate-ion intercalated oxide/sulfide composite material prepared hydrothermally enabling precise regulation of the chemical environment and electronic structure of the metal active site, thereby enhancing the pseudocapacitive current contribution. The resulting ZnMoO4/CoMoS4 nanostructures are uniformly anchored onto the Cu foil, forming abundant, synergistically coupled interfaces and junctions that endow the composite with high porosity, enlarged interlayer spacing, and superior electrical conductivity. These structural advantages yield an exceptional specific capacitance of 2238.75 F g-1 (310.93 mAh g-1) at 1.2 A g-1, alongside improved ion transport and reduced charge transfer resistance. When integrated into a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ZnMoO4/CoMoS4||AC), the device delivers a remarkable energy density of 58.3 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 637.7 W kg-1, retaining 91.7% of its capacitance after 2000 cycles. This work demonstrates a versatile and scalable strategy for engineering high performance metal oxide/sulfide hybrid electrodes, offering valuable insights for next generation flexible energy storage systems.

The skin microbiota is a fundamental component of the cutaneous ecosystem and plays an important role in maintaining skin homeostasis through immune education, maintenance of the skin barrier, colonization resistance, and regulation of the physiological environment under healthy conditions. Skin injury disrupts this balanced microbial ecosystem, resulting in marked changes in the local microenvironment. However, the processes by which skin microbiota reorganise following injury and contribute to the restoration of a remodelled homeostatic ecosystem after wound repair are not fully understood. This review synthesizes current knowledge on host-microbiota interactions across the dynamic transition from healthy skin to wounded skin and to remodeled homeostatic skin. We highlight the functions of commensal microorganisms during the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of wound healing, with a particular focus on their roles in the resolution of inflammation, tissue regeneration and barrier restoration. Finally, we discuss emerging microbiota-based therapeutic opportunities for wound management and outline key challenges and future research directions aimed at promoting long-term restoration of skin microbial homeostasis.

Synergistic regulation of adsorption property and local environment on supported Pd catalyst for efficient CO2 electroreduction

High-efficiency periodate activation by CeO2 under solar light via coordination environment modulation: Synergy between facets and cu species modification.

Regulation of amorphous structure and reaction environment in low-grade kaolinitic clay toward synergistic early- and late-age strength in sustainable binders

Precise regulation of the coordination environment of active sites to optimize the physicochemical structure, electronic configuration, and orbital hybridization mode of active species is the core strategy for enhancing catalytic performance. In this study, using methylthio group-containing terpyridine ligands as building blocks, three Ag-MOFs with different structures were successfully constructed by modifying substituent positions and ligand chain lengths to regulate Ag catalytic active sites. MOF-Ag1 exhibits a one-dimensional W-shaped structure, while MOF-Ag2, formed after shortening the chain length, has a two-dimensional planar structure. In contrast, MOF-Ag3, with precise regulation of substituent positions, breaks the limitation of one-dimensional structure and forms a unique two-dimensional ladder-like structure. Among them, MOF-Ag3 exhibits significantly enhanced CO2 fixation performance, attributed to more fully exposed Ag active sites and their closer contact with the substrate. The study indicates that achieving optimized rearrangement of Ag catalytic sites through regulation of ligand structure is of great significance for improving the catalytic performance of Ag-MOFs, providing new strategies and theoretical references for the design of high-performance catalytic materials.

The consumption of added sugars and artificial sweeteners has risen exponentially in recent decades, driven by industrial availability, food processing, and Western dietary patterns. This narrative review, adopting a critical and multidisciplinary perspective, traces the history of sugar in the human diet, examines the evolution and safety of noncaloric sweeteners, and analyzes their impact on the gut microbiota. Drawing on experimental evidence and recent clinical studies, it explores how excessive intake of sugars and sweeteners can induce dysbiosis by reducing bacterial diversity, promoting the growth of proinflammatory microorganisms, altering short-chain fatty acid production, and compromising epithelial barrier integrity. The pathogenic role of these alterations is discussed in relation to digestive and metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. The review also considers the social and commercial determinants that perpetuate population exposure to dysbiotic dietary patterns, particularly in contexts of socioeconomic vulnerability. It proposes an integrated approach to addressing the clinical impact of sugar and sweetener consumption-encompassing public health measures, real-food-based dietary interventions, structured nutritional education, and regulation of the food environment. Overall, it underscores the need to reconceptualize intestinal dysbiosis not merely as a biological phenomenon but as a deeply social one requiring coordinated strategies across primary care, digestive health, and nutrition policy.

Regulation of soil physical environment and erosion characteristics of farmland by amendments in the black soil region of Northeast China

Natural enzymes boast high catalytic efficiency and specificity. However, their utility is often limited by several inherent drawbacks, including environmental instability, high production costs, and sensitivity to harsh conditions. To address these challenges, nanozymes have emerged as robust alternatives. Among them, Fe-based nanozymes stand out due to their biocompatibility, efficient Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycling, and ability to mimic the activities of peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OXD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Their catalytic performance is intrinsically linked to atomic-scale structural features, driving a paradigm shift from traditional nanoparticles (NPs) to precisely engineered single-atom catalysts (SACs). This review systematically summarizes how structural precision governs the catalytic performance of Fe-based nanozymes. For NPs, the optimization strategies include size control, morphology engineering, surface modification, and composition adjustment. Those measures can enhance their activity by maximizing the active site exposure and substrate affinity. For SACs, a series of strategies for improving catalyst performance were summarized, including regulation of the coordination environment, metal-support interaction, and the species of metal active centers. These approaches optimize electronic configurations, lower reaction energy barriers, and emulate natural enzymatic mechanisms to enhance the catalyst activity. However, challenges persist in scalable synthesis, operational stability, dynamic structure-activity characterization, and substrate selectivity. Future directions include real-time monitoring of catalytic processes and in situ studies to bridge the gap between nanozymes and natural enzymes.

SrCoO3-δ has been regarded as a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to its superior structural tunability and elemental flexibility. However, the regulation of the B-site local environment and phase structure by A-site ions remains underexplored. Herein, a series of Sr1-xCaxCoO3-δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) (SCxCO) catalysts have been synthesized via a sol-gel method. The introduction of Ca2+ induces the transformation from the hexagonal (x = 0, P63/mmc) to the orthorhombic (x = 0.3-0.5, Imma) crystal structure while optimizing the electronic structure of B-site Co ions. Here, "Co environment modulation" refers to Ca-induced phase control (hexagonal → orthorhombic) with concurrent Co valence tuning and vacancy-associated distortion, as supported by XRD/Rietveld, Raman, and XPS analyses and titration. Among them, the orthorhombic Sr0.5Ca0.5CoO3-δ exhibits the best OER performance with an overpotential of 336 mV at 10 mA cm-2 (1 M KOH), which further decreases by 41 mV after 1000 CV cycles. Ca doping suppresses surface Sr enrichment to expose B-site Co ions, while simultaneously optimizing the Co3+/Co4+ ratio by lowering the average oxidation state from +3.45 (Co3+/Co4+ ≈ 1.22) to +3.30 (Co3+/Co4+ ≈ 2.33). The resulting orthorhombic structure facilitates the generation of oxygen vacancies and highly oxidative oxygen species (O22-/O-), as well as the formation of surface CoOOH to significantly boost OER kinetics. This work reveals the critical role of A-site Ca doping in modulating the crystal structure and B-site environment in perovskite oxides, providing new insights for the rational design of efficient OER catalysts.

Site surgery in single atom catalysis: machine learning assisted precise regulation of coordination environment and decoding of structure-activity relationships