Project School*Vape*Science: Combining Student-Led Research and E-Cigarette Prevention in Secondary Education.

In response to the problem that Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is difficult to model and easy to fit under small sample conditions, this paper proposes a regression detection model based on the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) combined with Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU), termed BiGRU-KAN. This model innovatively combines the functional approximation capability of the KAN model with the temporal feature extraction capability of BiGRU, and replaces the B-spline function in traditional KAN with Gaussian radial basis functions (RBF). The introduction of RBF reduces the parameter space, achieving a parameter reduction ratio of 21.4025%. This resolves the issues of parameter inflation and boundary instability caused by B-spline functions under high-dimensional inputs. Overfitting risks are further mitigated through parameter tuning and regularization settings. The experimental results show that the model performs well on the verification set, with the decision coefficient (R2) reaching 0.9886, the root mean square error (RMSE) as low as 0.1983, and the relative analysis error (RPD) as high as 9.0764. Compared to traditional models such as Partial Least Squares (PLS), the original KAN, and BiGRU-MLP, its performance shows significant improvement, providing algorithmic support for the development of MEMS-based micro-miniature near-infrared spectrometers.

The ability to discern the statistical regularities in our environments has been shown to support key cognitive functions, including attention, prediction, and language learning. While most research has focused on stable regularities, real-world patterns often change over time, requiring adaptation. In the context of embedded pattern learning, where continuous input consists of hidden pairs or triplets, prior work showed that learning of an initial structure can hinder learning of an updated one. Alongside postexposure (offline) learning measures, the present study incorporated online target detection during exposure to gauge real-time learning and adaptation to novel patterns more directly. In three separate blocks, participants were exposed to a stream of embedded pairs that were reshuffled into new pairs halfway through the stream. We administered the same task in both visual and auditory modalities, allowing us to explore modality differences. In the auditory modality, the online target detection measure revealed that participants learned both the initial and updated regularities, but with an advantage for learning the former. By contrast, the offline measure only evidenced recognition of the initial patterns, echoing previously reported primacy effects. In the visual modality, learning was not observed online but was revealed in sensitivity to both sets of regularities in the offline test. Our results provide evidence for flexible statistical learning of different types of sensory regularities under incidental learning conditions, which is important for the challenge of learning in dynamic environments. They also underscore the nonoverlapping information that is provided by on- and offline measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract We establish that a generalized Hölder continuous function on an ( m − 2)-Ahlfors regular compact set in ℝ m can be approximated by solutions of an elliptic equation, with the rate of approximation determined by the continuity modulus of the function.

In this paper, we mainly investigate the (proper) efficiency in nonconvex multi-objective optimization. We observe that the asymptotic cone of a set is closely linked to both the existence and boundedness of the efficient points of the set. First, we introduce several new concepts: (C-) asymptotically regular sets and (C-) asymptotically convex sets, which generalize the regularity and convexity, respectively. Secondly, we demonstrate that if a closed set is C-asymptotically regular (convex), then the existence of (properly) efficient points, domination property, C-boundedness, C-semicompactness and C-compactness of the set are equivalent. Furthermore, by analyzing the relations between the asymptotic cone of a set and the ordering cone, we establish the boundedness (or unboundedness) of the efficient point set. Finally, we apply these results to the piecewise convex multi-objective optimization problem.

This study examined the competence of teachers in using the Concept Method Approach (CMA) toward the development of a pro-social classroom model. A total of 84 teachers from Davao City, Philippines participated in the research, selected through total enumeration. The study utilized a quantitative descriptive-correlational design to explore the relationship between CMA implementation and the dimensions of a pro-social classroom. Findings revealed that CMA is a pedagogically sound strategy that enriches student engagement and understanding through experiential, real-life learning. Its alignment with core elements of effective teaching affirmed its relevance in regular and special education settings. Teachers who integrated experiential learning practices were more likely to foster positive classroom relationships and environments, particularly in terms of emotional safety, peer collaboration, and student engagement—conditions essential for holistic development. However, while experiential learning supported classroom climate, emotional development, and peer relationships, it was less directly associated with promoting prosocial norms and implementing conflict resolution or restorative practices. These areas may require supplementary interventions. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of experiential strategies not only for content mastery but also for cultivating socially responsible and emotionally intelligent learners. CMA supports the broader educational goal of nurturing academically competent, socially mindful, and emotionally resilient individuals aligned with 21st-century education. Keywords: Teacher Competence, Concept Method Approach, Experiential Learning, Pro-Social Classroom drcdpolancos@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009‑0004‑9514‑1064 Philippine Christian University Manila, Philippines

The current national and international guidelines recommend the use of PSMA imaging in proven BCR including very low levels of PSA (< 0.5 ng/ml), which is associated with a certain rate of false-negative results in regular clinical care. To address this issue, research efforts have focused on improving acquisition protocols via the implementation of delayed images or alternative reconstruction algorithms. One of the mainstays of this approach is the use of standardized reporting systems in regular clinical care and research setting to enhance reliability and reproducibility compared with unstructured confidence assessment. Thus, we aimed to investigate the added benefit of delayed imaging and the utility of reconstruction algorithms for the discrimination of equivocal [18F]PSMA-1007 findings in prostate bed. This monocentric, retrospective study enrolled 36 biologically male patients who underwent dual-time contrast-enhanced [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT scan between October 2021 and February 2024 due to BCR at a tertiary referral hospital. Histopathology after salvage surgery was considered as the gold standard, while clinical, biochemical, and radiological follow-up served as composite reference standards after reviewing the follow-up information. The minimum follow-up per patient was 15 months. The retrospective reading of the early-phase images revealed equivocal PSMA findings, i.e. PSMA-RADS 3 A, in the prostate bed in 12/36 patients (33%), with a total median SUVmax of 5.1 (3.7–6.7). The favourable results with delayed [18F]PSMA-1007 imaging led to upgrading of reporting in 8 out of 12 patients (75%) from PSMA-RADS 3 A to PSMA-RADS 4/5. In conclusion, based upon the study results, we suggest the introduction of a new algorithm to enhance and streamline the imaging decision-process, which would prevent avoidable follow-up scans or further imaging modalities and spare economic resources. Yet, further large-scale studies are warranted to validate the additive effect of this algorithm in regular clinical care.

The Control Barrier Function (CBF) method is becoming a popular tool that transforms nonlinear constrained optimal control problems into a sequence of Quadratic Programs (QPs). In this tutorial paper, we show how to employ machine learning techniques to ensure the feasibility of these QPs, which is a challenging problem, especially for high relative degree constraints where High Order CBFs (HOCBFs) are employed. We present two complementary learning approaches: (i) param-eter learning for regular unsafe sets; (ii) sampling learning for irregular unsafe sets, where “regularity” of an unsafe set is formally defined in terms of the dependence of QP feasibility on initial system conditions. The first approach compensates for the myopic nature of the QP-based approach by parame-terizing the HOCBFs and using machine learning techniques to select parameters that maximize a feasibility robustness metric related to system performance. This feasibility robustness metric measures the extent to which QP feasibility is maintained in the presence of time-varying and unknown unsafe sets. The sampling learning approach addresses “irregular” unsafe sets in which the problem feasibility heavily depends on the initial conditions. This approach learns a new feasibility constraint that guarantees the QP feasibility, and it is then enforced by another HOCBF added to the QPs. The accuracy of the learned feasibility constraint can be recursively improved by the proposed recurrent training algorithm. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed learning approaches to constrained optimal control problems with specific focus on a robot control problem and on autonomous driving in an unknown environment.

Which Meyer sets are regular model sets? A characterization via almost periodicity

Local well-posedness in the critical regularity setting for hyperbolic systems with partial diffusion

Currently, evidence-based guidelines for the frequency and intensity of follow-up of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients are not available. Based on expert opinion, an annual extensive evaluation is recommended. A multidisciplinary Care Pathway that integrates this annual extensive evaluation at the Leiden University Medical Center has shown increased patient satisfaction, decreased healthcare utilization, and improved outcomes in SSc patients (1, 2). However, for a subgroup of SSc patients with relatively mild disease, this annual extensive evaluation might be redundant. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether assessment in a regular outpatient clinic setting is an acceptable alternative to extensive annual evaluation in the Care Pathway in SSc patients with a low risk of disease progression. This study is designed as a multicenter (n = 3) non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. SSc patients are categorized into three categories for risk of disease progression (low, intermediate, or high) based on a previously published risk prediction model (3). Patients with a predicted low or intermediate risk of disease progression are randomized between (1) follow-up in the outpatient clinic (intervention) and (2) follow-up via usual care according to the annual Care Pathway (control group). The year after the "study visit," all patients are evaluated in the Care Pathway. In this study, 250 patients will be recruited and randomized. The primary outcome is healthcare utilization, which will be assessed via questionnaires. Secondary outcome measures include disease progression, patients' perception of disease and care, and health-related quality of life. Healthcare utilization is defined as the number of contacts with a healthcare professional and will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. There is an unmet need for tailor-made care for SSc patients in accordance with disease activity, and evidence-based guidelines regarding the follow-up of SSc patients are lacking. This is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the optimal follow-up for SSc patients at low risk of disease progression. Results of this study will show whether routine assessment at the outpatient clinic is an acceptable alternative to assessment in a standardized care setting including an annual 6-min walk test, an ECG, lab, mRSS, and a pulmonary function test. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05103553. Registered on October 11, 2021.

Abstract We present a quantum inspired and analytically robust framework for charged test particle dynamics and charge assisted energy extraction in a regular Schwarzschild–Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime obtained by Gaussian noncommutative smearing of the mass. We demonstrate the existence of negative energy states for electrically charged particles and show that the associated generalized ergosphere is unique and forms a thin shell outside the horizon. An effective potential analysis proves that every negative energy trajectory has a single turning point and is inevitably captured, extending the classical picture known for Kerr and Reissner–Nordström to the regular AdS setting. We derive closed local bounds on the extractable energy in a charged Penrose decay and provide a conservative escape criterion for detectors at finite radius in AdS. Two linear time dependent evaporation scenarios, with and without mass accretion, are introduced; by tracking the apparent horizon and the generalized ergosphere we obtain feasibility maps across $$(M,\Lambda )$$ ( M , Λ ) . The results rely only on spherical symmetry, a regular Schwarzschild–AdS lapse, and a monotone electrostatic potential, making them broadly applicable and directly connected to observables such as shadow size, gravitational lensing, and quasinormal modes.

Students with Learning disabilities are a unique minority in regular school setting in Nigeria, as such they often obstructed by partial or total delay in one aspect of learning development or the other. This paper discusses the impact of English language of teacher creativity on students with learning disabilities achievement in essay writing in Oyo State Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select seven government owned schools in seven towns within Ibadan, Nigeria. Eighteen (18) English Language subject teachers in Junior Secondary Schools II were enumerated while seven (7) intact classes of Juniors Secondary School II of students with learning disabilities totaling five hundred and eighty-five (585) were purposively selected for research purpose through nomination by the class teachers based on the academic records of each student in their classes across the seven schools. Two validated research instruments were used: Teacher Creativity Rating Scale (r=0.83); Essay Writing Achievement Test (r=0.72). Two research questions were raised and answered. The findings revealed that teacher creativity has a great influence on students’ achievement in essay writing. The researcher then recommended that teacher of English language courses should make use of creative skills effectively during teaching/learning process, most especially in essay writing.

Development of a biocompatible functional dental occlusion requires maxillo mandibular relation records. Clinical errors in these physical records are mostly caused by protracted clinical setting times. If dimensionally accurate and stable, recently introduced fast and superfast vinlpolysiloxane-based recording materials could reduce these inaccuracies, however such studies have yet not been attempted. This in-vitro study determined the post-polymerization dimensional accuracy of novel fast/superfast vinyl polysiloxane (VPS)-based jaw relation recording materials (JRRM). Four VPS-based JRRMs (Primo, Mark 3, Jetbite, and Defend) with three polymerization variants [regular, fast, and superfast] were investigated for dimensional accuracy. 180 samples allotted to four controls [PR, MR, JR, DR] and eight experimental [fast set (PF, MF, JF, DF); superfast (PSF, MSF, JSF, DSF)] were observed under a stereomicroscope using three different measurement coordinates between the X and Y axes, as specified by american dental association specification number 19. A one-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) rank test determined median scores, followed by a post hoc (Dunn) test. All probability "p" values were judged to be significant at 0.05. The one-way ANOVA showed significant differences between studied groups, with all regular setting JRRMs except Mark 3 showing the least overall linear changes, followed by super-fast set and fast set. Gp MR showed the highest [Mdn(IQR); 25.19(0.02)], while Gp DSF showed the least [25.00(0.02)] against original die measurements. All fast-set and superfast-set JRRMs showed expansion in terms of physical change. Mark 3 (regular, fast, and superfast) showed clinically unacceptable dimensional changes after 1 h of VPS-based JRRM setting. Defend Superfast was the most accurate material, including regular. Clinically, different variants fulfill dimensional accuracy and stability at various time intervals, therefore different variants may be indicated for specific purposes in fabrication of occlusion for a dental prosthesis.

It is an indispensable demand for global EFL learners to entrench the comprehensive mastery of exemplary academic writing skills. In concurrence with this underlying principle, second language educators should establish, nurture, and reinforce their learners’ academic writing competencies in the long run to help them achieve fruitful academic success. The researcher conducted this small-scale library study to unravel probable academic writing challenges experienced by EFL learners in higher education contexts. After completing this library investigation, it is hoped that these specifically generated findings will enlighten the perspectives of second language educational stakeholders regarding the crucial need to embed EFL learners with meaningful, innovative, and contextualized academic writing instructional approaches. To fulfill the aforementioned study objective, the researcher capitalized on a thematic analysis method in analyzing particular research results derived from 30 former academic writing challenges in higher education scientific works. With the help of a thematic analysis method, the researcher could yield more comprehensible and applicable findings as each finding was grouped into similar research themes. The thematically-categorized findings revealed some common academic writing hurdles amidst learners’ regular classroom settings, namely linguist, cognitive, strategic, affective, environmental, and pedagogical barriers.

ABSTRACT Historically, students diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have often been subjected to segregating and exclusionary practices within education. This study aims to investigate the school situation of three students with an ADHD diagnosis in a special education setting (resource room), to gain a better understanding of the consequences of having an ADHD diagnosis in compulsory education. A theoretical framework was employed to explore the processes that shaped the students’ educational experiences. Specifically, the study examines how their classification in a medical framework affected their schooling. Ian Hacking’s concept of ‘The looping effect’ was integrated with the Staircase Model of Inclusionary and Exclusionary Processes to inform the analysis. The findings show that the ADHD diagnosis influenced how the three boys were perceived, shaping their educational trajectories. The findings also indicate that the students’ behaviour and characteristics were perceived as inherent to their diagnosis. The students faced expectations that they were unable to change their behaviour and participate in a regular classroom setting. These expectations seemed to be a powerful force within the school that led to exclusionary processes, as well as to feelings of hopelessness and a sense of being different from their peers.

The problem of constructing or characterizing strongly regular Cayley graphs (or equivalently, regular partial difference sets) has garnered significant attention over the past half-century. A classic result in this area is the complete classification of strongly regular Cayley graphs over cyclic groups, which was established by Bridges and Mena (1979), independently by Ma (1984), and partially by Marušič (1989). Miklavič and Potočnik (2003) extended this work by providing a complete characterization of distance-regular Cayley graphs over cyclic groups through the method of Schur rings. Building on this, Miklavič and Potočnik (2007) formally posed the problem of characterizing distance-regular Cayley graphs for arbitrary classes of groups. Within this framework, abelian groups are of particular significance, as many distance-regular graphs with classical parameters are Cayley graphs over abelian groups. In this paper, we employ Fourier analysis on abelian groups to establish connections between distance-regular Cayley graphs over abelian groups and combinatorial objects in finite geometry. By combining these insights with classical results from finite geometry, we classify all distance-regular Cayley graphs over the group $\mathbb{Z}_n \oplus \mathbb{Z}_p$, where $n$ is a positive integer and $p$ is an odd prime.

A sound health care system is indispensable for fast and better recovery of patients which involves best medication along with adequate and balanced diet. In public hospitals, hospital meal is the source of nutrition for most patients. Despite the critical role of appropriate hospital feeding in the recovery process of hospitalized patients, there is little understanding of satisfaction with food service in regular hospital settings among adult patients admitted to public hospitals. This study aims assess satisfaction levels with hospital meal service and associated factors among adult patients admitted to public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024 and Multi center cross sectional study was conducted from June to July, 2024. Representative samples of 567 adult were chosen by multistage cluster sampling from patients admitted to public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaires and data obtained from institution- based survey checked for completeness &amp; inconsistencies, and then coded, entered, cleaned and transferred to Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 for analysis. Result shows patient satisfaction towards hospital meal services was 32.5% (95%CI: [29.0, 36.0]). Multivariable logistic regression shows Meal flavor (AOR=4.65; 95%CI:[2.26-10.97]), Meal type (AOR =2.35; 95%CI:[1.912-4.49]), provision of well cooked meals for easily chewing (AOR=1.483; 95%CI:[1.294-1.792]), meal provider’s behavior (AOR=2.20; 95%CI:[1.252-3.195]), and nutritional status (AOR=0.389; 95%CI:[0.271-0.558]) of respondents were identified as influencing factors of patient satisfaction on meal service at hospitals. Regarding nutritional status 343 (60.5%) of admitted patients were well nourished and 224 (39.5%) were malnourished. In general, it revealed low patient’s satisfaction with hospital meal service among adult patients admitted at public hospitals so health managers and health care providers need to work on how to maintain the good aspects of hospital meal services.

Abstract This paper examines the systematic sound correspondences among three closely related languages of the Zeliangrong group – Zeme, Liangmai and Rongmei. Through an analysis of both regular cognate sets and alternating reflex correspondences, the study reveals consistent phonological relationships that indicate descent from a common ancestral language. Regular correspondences, particularly in initial consonants and codas, are largely systematic, while certain consonant, vowel and diphthongal alternations show bidirectional variation across the three languages. The analysis interprets these correspondences within the broader Tibeto-Burman context, drawing comparative insights from Proto-Tibeto-Burman (Matisoff, James A. 2003. Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and philosophy of Sino-Tibetan reconstruction . Berkeley &amp; Los Angeles: University of California Press) and related Proto-Kuki-Chin reconstructions (VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. Proto-Kuki-Chin: A reconstructed ancestor of the Kuki-Chin languages . Berkeley: PhD dissertation, University of California). By situating the Zeliangrong data within this wider comparative framework, the study highlights both inherited features and contact-induced developments that have shaped their phonological systems. While it does not attempt a full reconstruction of Proto-Zeliangrong, this synchronic comparative study provides a foundation for tracing the direction of sound change, identifying conservative and innovative patterns and advancing future historical-comparative research on the subgroup’s development.

By assisting with learning and facilitating meaningful engagement in educational activities, assistive technology is vital in raising the academic performance of students with multiple disabilities. Students who have more than one disability may face difficulties with sensory processing, motor skills, cognition, and communication, all of which impact their ability to learn, connect with peers, and be evaluated in the classroom. Screen readers, speech generators, alternative input systems, educational software, and modified writing tools are some examples of low-tech solutions that fall under the umbrella term "assistive technology." Other examples of high-tech equipment include communication boards, visual timetables, and voice generators. By fostering greater autonomy, enhancing communication, bolstering reading and numeracy abilities, and heightening participation in classroom activities, the appropriate application of assistive technology improves academic achievement. Aligning learning materials with students' functional skills and learning styles enables tailored education. Students with different disabilities are able to fully engage in regular classroom settings with the help of assistive technology, which further promotes inclusive education. According to research, students' learning outcomes, self-confidence, and motivation can be enhanced when assistive technology is chosen, used, and supported by teacher training and collaborative planning.