Regularities Of Distribution Research Articles

Statistical learning at a virtual cocktail party

Statistical learning – the ability to extract distributional regularities from input – is suggested to be key to language acquisition. Yet, evidence for the human capacity for statistical learning comes mainly from studies conducted in carefully controlled settings without auditory distraction. While such conditions permit careful examination of learning, they do not reflect the naturalistic language learning experience, which is replete with auditory distraction – including competing talkers. Here, we examine how statistical language learning proceeds in a virtual cocktail party environment, where the to-be-learned input is presented alongside a competing speech stream with its own distributional regularities. During exposure, participants in the Dual Talker group concurrently heard two novel languages, one produced by a female talker and one by a male talker, with each talker virtually positioned at opposite sides of the listener (left/right) using binaural acoustic manipulations. Selective attention was manipulated by instructing participants to attend to only one of the two talkers. At test, participants were asked to distinguish words from part-words for both the attended and the unattended languages. Results indicated that participants’ accuracy was significantly higher for trials from the attended vs. unattended language. Further, the performance of this Dual Talker group was no different compared to a control group who heard only one language from a single talker (Single Talker group). We thus conclude that statistical learning is modulated by selective attention, being relatively robust against the additional cognitive load provided by competing speech, emphasizing its efficiency in naturalistic language learning situations.

Multifractal Characteristics of Uranium Grade Distribution and Spatial Regularities in a Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposit in Xinjiang, China

Based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of uranium grade in 338 boreholes of a uranium deposit in Xinjiang, the enrichment and spatial variation of uranium ore in two stopes of the deposit are discussed using multifractal theory. The distribution characteristics of the uranium ore of the two stopes are studied by multifractal parameters: the scaling exponent of mass τ(q), the scaling exponent α(q) of each sub-set and its corresponding fractal dimension f(α), the fractal dimension D0 and information dimension D1. The differences of uranium distribution in the two stopes can be quantified well by using multifractal spectrum and multifractal parameters such as Δα, Δf and R. After a comprehensive multifractal distribution analysis, 10 m × 10 m is defined as a fence unit, and the window sizes ε=3,6,9⋯,45 are set; the singularity exponents α of the two stopes are calculated by using this element concentration–area method. The results show that the multifractal theory and model can organically combine spatial structure information, scale change information and anisotropy information to obtain low-grade and weak mineral resources information and can effectively distinguish complex and superimposed anomalies. This will provide a basis for the local concentration and spatial variation rules of uranium distribution and the design of the parameters of the leaching uranium mining well site.

Distinguishing of areas for conducting the GDP (GMM)-200 for gold, based on the compilation and analysis of the distribution regularities and forecast maps for the black-shale and epithermal type large-volume gold deposits of the Russian Federation at scale 1:2 500 000

The article is devoted to problems of distinguishing the areas for conducting the GDP (GMM)-200 oriented for the black-shale and epithermal type large-volume gold deposits. The approach is based on compilation of the distribution regularity and forecast maps of the Russian Federation at a scale of 1:2 500 000, specialized for these gold deposits, and their analysis. Regional forecast criteria of the gold ore objects and the character of their manifestation over the territory of the Russian Federation are considered. Recommendations are given for setting up the GDP (GMM)-200 programs for map sheets favorable for localization of areas promising for revealing the large-volume black shale and epithermal gold deposits. The forecasted resources of gold and silver of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are presented.

Complex extraction of rare earth elements from nitrate solutions with a tri-n-octylamine-octanoic acid bifunctional ionic liquid

In this work, a new hydrophobic bifunctional ionic liquid based on tri-n-octylamine and octanoic acid was synthesised and a physicochemical characterisation was performed on it. The extraction of a series of rare earth elements (Y, Eu, Gd, Tb) (REEs) from aqueous nitrate solutions in a system containing the resulting ionic liquid was studied. Extraction isotherms were obtained and regularities of the interphase distribution of REEs were determined as a function of extraction process time, NaNO3 concentration, the pH of the aqueous phase, the concentration of the ionic liquid in the system, the volume ratio, and temperature of the process. It was shown that the extraction of REEs nitrates by the ionic liquid based on tri-n-octylamine and octanoic acid occurred in accordance with the mechanism of binary extraction of salts with the formation of two extractable compounds in the organic phase. In addition, this IL has been shown to exhibit excellent reusability.

Особенности пространственного распределения 137Cs, 40K, 226Ra, 232Th в почвах города Кировска (Мурманская область)

The article presents the results of a study of soils in the city of Kirovsk. The purpose of the work is to establish the main regularities of the spatial distribution of natural and technogenic radionuclides in the urban soils of Kirovsk. To achieve this goal, soil samples were taken in all parts of the city. The following methods were used in the course of expeditionary work and laboratory research: soil, radiological, mathematical and statistical. The values of specific activity in samples of urban soils were: for technogenic 137Cs (from 3 to 48.3 Bq/kg), for natural radionuclides: 226Ra (from 11.8 to 44.2 Bq/kg), 232Th (from 9.8 to 34.8 Bq/kg), 40K (from 232.2 to 2086 Bq/kg). The values of the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in urban soil samples ranged from 47 to 277 Bq/kg and 137Cs from 3.2 to 48.3 Bq/kg.

Singular Points Location Pattern Analysis based on Modes Interference

<p>Given the lack of research on the regularity of distribution of singular points, the singular points under different influence factors are analyzed. The location of singular points for adjacent modes group (AMG) generated by the interference modes is derived using normal modes theory in the far field of the ideal shallow waveguide. The singular points are verified by simulation, which compares the distribution of the acoustic field and singular points. Moreover, it is concluded that the number and distribution of singular points in the period of the interference structure of the field (PISF) has a relationship with order (lower order of AMG) and adjacent order (difference between two orders of AMG). The arrangement of upper-lower-two-points increases by 2 with each increase of order and is distributed at both ends of PISF. The arrangement of rhombic-four-points increases by 1 with each increase of adjacent order and increases alternately at both ends of PISF. Meanwhile, there is a periodic relationship between the depth of the source and the location of singular points.</p> <p> </p>

Effect of egg white protein on the protein structure of highland barley noodles during processing

The effect of egg white protein on the protein structure of highland barely noodles during processing was investigated, and the underlying mechanism was examined. Egg white protein significantly influenced the stress relaxation of highland barley dough. 1% and 2% egg white protein improved the cooking and textural properties of highland barely noodles. During mixing and sheeting, it improved the structure of the protein network by promoting protein aggregation and cross-linking, whereas its effect on non-covalent interactions was quite different. During cooking, egg white protein promoted protein aggregation and cross-linking via heat-induced polymerization, and the distribution regularity of the protein network was improved as its flexibility diminished. The protein structure of highland barely noodles during processing was closely related to the addition amount of egg white protein, and the cooking, textural, and chemical interactions of highland barely noodles during processing changed considerably when more than 3% egg white protein was added.

Leptothrix biofilms and the formation of oxygen and hydrogen molecules in structure

In this work, the crystal structure of Leptothrix biosamples was studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, MIKA modeling package and X-ray diffraction method. The structural analysis results showed that free cubic and orthorhombic phase Fe and trigonal Fe2O3 and cubic Fe3O4 phases were detected in Leptothrix biosamples. It has been determined that the concentration of cubic Fe3O4 phases in biosamples is higher than other phases. The theoretical bases of the regularity of distribution of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the form of free and vacancies in the trigonal Fe2O3 and cubic Fe3O4 phases were calculated. On the other hand, the lifetime of vacancies in Fe, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 structures has been determined.

Regulating the Sequence Structure of Conjugated Block Copolymers Enables Large-Area Single-Component Organic Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability.

Single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on conjugated block copolymers (CBCs) by covalently bonding a polymer donor and polymer acceptor become more and more appealing due to the formation of a favorable and stable morphology. Unfortunately, a deep understanding of the effect of the assembly behavior caused by the sequence structure of CBCs on the device performance is still missing. Herein, from the aspect of manipulating the sequence length and distribution regularity of CBCs, we synthesized a series of new CBCs, namely D18(20)-b-PYIT, D18(40)-b-PYIT and D18(60)-b-PYIT by two-pot polymerization, and D18(40)-b-PYIT(r) by traditional one-pot method. It is observed that precise manipulation of sequence length and distribution regularity of the polymer blocks fine-tunes the self-assembly of the CBCs, optimizes film morphology, improves optoelectronic properties, and reduces energy loss, leading to simultaneously improved efficiency and stability. Among these CBCs, the D18(40)-b-PYIT-based device achieves a high efficiency of 13.4 % with enhanced stability, which is an outstanding performance among SCOSCs. Importantly, the regular sequence distribution and suitable sequence length of the CBCs enable a facile film-forming process of the printed device. For the first time, the blade-coated large-area rigid/flexible SCOSCs are fabricated, delivering an impressive efficiency of 11.62 %/10.73 %, much higher than their corresponding binary devices.

Regulating the Sequence Structure of Conjugated Block Copolymers Enables Large‐Area Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability

AbstractSingle‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on conjugated block copolymers (CBCs) by covalently bonding a polymer donor and polymer acceptor become more and more appealing due to the formation of a favorable and stable morphology. Unfortunately, a deep understanding of the effect of the assembly behavior caused by the sequence structure of CBCs on the device performance is still missing. Herein, from the aspect of manipulating the sequence length and distribution regularity of CBCs, we synthesized a series of new CBCs, namely D18(20)‐b‐PYIT, D18(40)‐b‐PYIT and D18(60)‐b‐PYIT by two‐pot polymerization, and D18(40)‐b‐PYIT(r) by traditional one‐pot method. It is observed that precise manipulation of sequence length and distribution regularity of the polymer blocks fine‐tunes the self‐assembly of the CBCs, optimizes film morphology, improves optoelectronic properties, and reduces energy loss, leading to simultaneously improved efficiency and stability. Among these CBCs, the D18(40)‐b‐PYIT‐based device achieves a high efficiency of 13.4 % with enhanced stability, which is an outstanding performance among SCOSCs. Importantly, the regular sequence distribution and suitable sequence length of the CBCs enable a facile film‐forming process of the printed device. For the first time, the blade‐coated large‐area rigid/flexible SCOSCs are fabricated, delivering an impressive efficiency of 11.62 %/10.73 %, much higher than their corresponding binary devices.

Mineralogical study on the distribution regularity of niobium in various types of ores in the giant Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit

The Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit is the largest rare earth deposit in the world, which also contains huge amounts of niobium resources, hosting 83% of industrial reserves in China. The previous researches focused on the REE mineralogy, mineralization age and REE source, whereas only a few studies paid attention to the genesis of Nb mineralization. The REE and Nb might present systematic mineralization difference as the degree of REE and Nb mineralization is distinct in different types of ores in host dolomite. Many complicated factors such as low grade, fine-grained dissemination and complex mineral composition are the main obstacles to hinder the effective utilization of Nb. In this study, a variety of niobium-bearing minerals have been identified, including aeschynite, fergusonite, columbite, pyrochlore, fersmite, baotite, and ilmenorutile. The distribution regularity of niobium in various types of ores in the giant Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit is asserted. In massive Nb-REE-Fe ore and dolomite-type Nb-REE-(Fe) ore, niobium-bearing minerals are represented by columbite, while niobium mineralization in aegirine-type Nb-REE-Fe ore is characterized by pyrochlore and aeschynite. The major niobium-bearing mineral in the riebeckite -type Nb-REE-(Fe) ore and fluorite-type (banded) Nb-REE-Fe ore is aeschynite, and major niobium-bearing mineral in biotite-type Nb-REE-Fe ore and diopside-type niobium ore is fergusonite. The μ-XRF results and SEM observations display that columbite contains dolomite, magnetite and monazite inclusions and show obvious genetic links with apatite. Columbite, apatite and magnetite in massive Fe-REE-Nb ore and dolomite-type Nb-REE-(Fe) ore occur at same mineral generation, both having magmatic origins. Pyrochlore from aegirine-type Fe-REE-Nb ore also showsclose genetic relationship with apatite, which is formed by fractional crystallization during the magmatic stage of carbonatite. Aeschynite in fluorite-type (banded) Fe-REE-Nb ore, riebeckite-type Nb-REE-(Fe) ore, and fergusonite in biotite-type Fe-REE-Nb ore and diopside-type niobium ore are large in grain size and have hydrothermal origins. Moreover, intensive Nb mineralization in a series of ores related to fluoritization and alkali-metasomatism demonstrates the critical role of hydrothermal process in niobium enrichment in the Bayan Obo deposit. Fluid-rock interaction leads to the generation of alteration minerals, such as fluorite, biotite and aegirine, and contributes to a slash of K, Na and/or F in hydrothermal fluids, facilitating precipitation of niobium-bearing minerals. By using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS), Micro-XRF spectral analysis (μ-XRF) and TESCAN Intergrated Mineral Analysis (TIMA), detailed mineralogical study on niobium occurrence and typical niobium mineral compositions in various types of Fe-REE-Nb ores was conducted to provide an important reference for mineral processing and niobium prospecting and give a deeper understanding of the niobium anomalous enrichment mechanism of the Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit.

Количественные характеристики гидробионтов и молоди рыб шельфовой зоны Северного Сахалина (обзор) Часть 2.

The article presents a review of published materials and results of specialized ecological and fishery research for the period 1950-2021, containing data on abundance and biomass of the main groups of hydrobionts (phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos), larvae and young fish in different shelf areas of northern and northeastern Sakhalin Island. Regularities of distribution of different plankton groups by shelf areas and by different water, horizons are considered. Quantitative indicators of systematic groups of hydrobionts and juvenile fish of different shelf areas are compared. The work summarizes the materials on the Zapadno-Shmidtovsky and Deryuginsky license areas, Yuzhno-Kirinsky hydrocarbon field and others.

Bio-inspired camouflage communication in air imitating birds songs

Radio communication is the most common means of communication nowadays, however, radio interference technology is becoming mature. Once radio communications are disrupted in the forest, people would be left in a passive position without any effective communication method. Sound is an also effective carrier of information. To realize effective communication in the forest environment, we proposed a bio-inspired camouflage communication strategy(BCCS) by imitating bird songs and took the Verditer Flycatcher as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of BCCS. We proposed a compound characteristics grouping coding method based on the tree structure to divide syllables into 32 feature groups. And five time–frequency(T-F) characteristics of syllables were extracted as grouping layers: syllable length, average frequency, frequency trend, the standard deviation of global frequency, and the difference of local frequency standard deviations. Then the correlation was used as the unique identification of a syllable within the group. Syllables in the feature group were screened to ensure high autocorrelation and low cross-correlation, which are the key basis in decoding. Each individual syllable can encode 8 bits of binary information through compound characteristics coding and correlation coding. Since the communication sequence is completely composed of the original bird songs and follows the regularities of distribution, BCCS has a good camouflage ability. Experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility and camouflage ability of BCCS in the forest environment.

Technical note: Error analysis of material-decomposition-based effective atomic number quantification method.

The effective atomic number (Zeff ) is widely applied to the identification of unknown materials. One method to determine the Zeff is material-decomposition-based spectral X-ray imaging. The method relies on certain approximations of the X-ray interaction cross-sectionssuch as empirical model coefficients. The impact of such approximations on the accuracy of Zeff quantification has not been fullyinvestigated. To perform an error analysis of the material-decomposition-based Zeff quantification method and propose a coefficient calibration-in-groups method to improve the modeling accuracy and reduce the Zeff quantificationerror. The model of the material-decomposition-based Zeff quantification method relies on the dependence of the interaction cross-sections (σPE ) on the atomic number Z and corresponding coefficient, that is, . In this work, all the data is from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) website. First, the coefficient m is calibrated through a logarithmic fitting method to quickly determine the m values for any certain energy and Zeff ranges. Then materials including elements and common compounds with Zeff ranging from 6-20 are selected as the objects whose effective atomic numbers are to be quantified. Different combinations of basis materials are applied to decompose the object materials and their quantification errors are analyzed. With the help of error analysis, the object materials are divided into high-error and low-error groups based on the decomposition coefficient ratio , which is found to have a strong correlation with error, and their coefficients are calibrated in groups. Finally, the average errors of three m selection strategies: (1) using an empirical m value of 3.94, which is also considered a standard method; (2) using a single m value, which is calibrated through the logarithmic fitting method; (3) using different m values calibrated in groups, are calculated to test the effectiveness of ourmethod. The approximation of the X-ray interaction cross-sectionleads to certain errors in Zeff quantification and the error distributions for different basis materials are different. The average errors for most basis material combinations (C(6)/Ca(20), C(6)/Al(13), Al(13)/Ca(20), C(6)/Ne(10), Na(11)/P(15)) are lower than 0.5, maintaining good average accuracy. While the average error for S(16)/Ca(20) is up to 0.8461, leading to more misjudgments on atomic number. Meanwhile, the error distribution regularity can be observed. The Pearson's correlation coefficients of absolute errors and decomposition coefficient ratios are 0.743, 0.8432 and 0.7126 for basis material combinations C(6)/Ca(20), C(6)/Al(13) and Al(13)/Ca(20), indicating a good correlation. The method using either empirical m value of 3.94 or single calibrated m value of 4.619 has relatively high average errors. The proposed method using different m values calibrated in groups has the lowest average errors 0.254, 0.203 and 0.169, which are reduced by 21.6%(0.07), 3.8%(0.008) and 62.9%(0.286) respectively compared with the standardmethod. The error analysis demonstrates that the approximation of X-ray interaction cross-sectionsleads to inevitable errors, while also revealing certain error distribution regularity. The coefficient calibrated-in-groups method has better modeling accuracy and has effectively reduced the error compared with the standard method using a single empirical m value of 3.94.

EPISTEMOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF TARGET TEXTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE RUSSIAN-JAPANESE PARALLEL FICTION CORPUS

This paper discusses the possibility of using a parallel text corpus to study grammatical issues of the target language, and the epistemological value of target texts is argued. Parallel text corpora are more often used in their comparative aspect, even though they have a significant content and epistemological potential for the systematization of linguistic knowledge about the target language as well. This work, carried out as a part of a general study of Japanese agentivity, describes an attempt to research the corpus material to identify recurrent patterns in the target language and to determine the distribution regularities of agentive features in Japanese. This paper was carried out using the material from the author’s parallel Russian-Japanese corpus of fiction texts. The main criterion used to collect this dataset is the markedness of sentences with inanimate subjects, which is imposed by such cognitive and cultural factors as the linguistic and social subject-object hierarchy: human beings, as the highest creatures on the animacy scale, could not be affected by an inanimate subject. The set of grammatically non-identical components of the syntactic structure of the source and target texts identified in the material of the corpus became the starting point for a detailed analysis of the mechanism for distributing syntactic and semantic roles in a Japanese sentence.

Diversity of Diatom Algae in the Lena Delta Nature Reserve and the Adjacent Territory in the Specific Ecological Factors of the Arctic

A total of 413 diatom taxa were known for aquatic habitats of the Lena Delta Nature Reserve. We identified 385 taxa in 14 small tundra lakes near the reserve that significantly enriched the diatom diversity of the region (666 taxa including definitions to the genus level). Thus, the species composition of diatoms in the reserve and adjacent territories was increased by 278 species. We showed that the species of the genera Pinnularia (57) and Eunotia (51) have predominance at the family and generic levels. The index of intraspecific variability Ssp./Sp. for the lakes of the reserve was 1.11, and that for the lakes of the Tiksi region 1.14, which is typical for high-latitude and high-mountain communities. The number of rare or endangered species varied in different lakes from 1 to 10, totaling 42 species for the entire study area. Bioindication has shown that potentially threatened species prefer moderate temperatures, and slightly acidic or neutral environments free from organic pollution. A comparative analysis of the species composition of diatoms in the vicinity of the Lena Delta and other northern water bodies of Yakutia and the Arctic Islands showed that the species composition of each lake in the Arctic has a discernably different species distribution. The indicator characteristics show a certain response of the species composition of diatoms to changes in salinity, pH, and organic pollution. Regularities in the spatial distribution of diatoms in the study area were revealed in connection with the environmental variables of their habitat. Statistical mapping of diatom diversity data and bioindicators revealed a pronounced response to point pollution, and also let us assume the influence of summer northeast winds on species composition of the studied lake communities. We suggest that the high diversity inherent in the diatom lakes of the Tiksi coastal zone, which can even be updated in further studies, can be considered as a property of coastal biota inherent in ecotones. Since it is in the coastal Tiksi region that a surge in the number of species is observed, this region can be considered not only an ecotone, but also a hotspot of diatom diversity. The results of the study are important for developing the basis for monitoring biodiversity under the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic changes in the Arctic.

The direct observation and distribution regularity of contact angle for spherical particle attached to air bubble in static three-phase system

Contact angle is a typical parameter to indicate the hydrophobicity of solid surface, and it is usually used to evaluate the wettability and floatability of mineral particles. Directly measurement on contact angle of particles is critical for laboratory research and industrial practice in flotation. By combining the image processing analysis and force balance calculation, a composite method to directly measure contact angle of particle was proposed. The good agreement between observed contact angle and calculated contact angle during lots of experiments proved the accuracy and convenience of this measurement method. The fundamental effects of particle size, hydrophobized time, and bubble size on contact angle distribution of particle were investigated using hydrophobized glass beads with different particle size. For glass beads with same surface hydrophobicity, the contact angle showed a nearly constant trend with varying particle size and bubble size. The essence of distribution regularity of contact angle was uncovered through force calculation analysis. Besides, the central angle is always larger than half of contact angle if a smooth spherical particle successfully attached to an air bubble and achieved equilibrium state.

Distribution of micro-sized range solid particles in the human airways: field experiment

Introduction. Ambient air pollution is a widespread and pressing issue. This necessitates the development of methods for estimating and predicting progression of pathologies on the base of evolutionary mathematical models. Adaptation of the theoretical model to practice requires identification and verification procedures in real conditions of contamination of inhaled air with dust particles of various compositions.
 The purpose of the work was to investigate regularities of distribution of dust particles with a different disperse, component and morphological structure in the human airways after inhalation from ambient air. The study involved performing a field experiment.
 Materials and methods. We accomplished several investigations in 3 zones with different levels and structures of ambient air pollution. Disperse, component, and morphological structures of particles occurring in ambient (inhaled), deposited in various sections of the human airways, in exhaled air and blood were examined by electronic microscopy.
 Results. Air quality in zones 1 and 2 did not comply with hygienic standards for suspended particles, PM10, PM2.5, metal compounds, etc. (up to 3.29 MPCm.s., 3.2 MPCav.s., 2.91 MPCav.y.) and formed increased hazard quotient for manganese, copper, nickel and their compounds, inorganic fluorides, suspended particles (up to 5.48 HQac, 3.42 HQch), respiratory and other hazard indices (up to 5.48 HIac, 8.59 HIch). The degree of sedimentation of small particles (PM2.5 or less) in different parts of the respiratory tract is uneven, they are able to penetrate into the lower airways and lungs of humans. More than 65% of all the particles deposited in the upper airways had a diameter bigger than 10 µm. PM2.5 accounted for more than 60 % in sputum in the lower airways and the share of PM1.5 reached 46.7 %. Particles smaller than 1.5 μm (90.5%) were predominantly recorded in blood biosubstrates, of which up to 88.1% of the particles had a sphericity of 0.9–1.0.
 Limitations. Limited degree of precision of location of the examined sections in the respiratory system.
 Conclusion. Common deposition regularities are mostly determined by sizes and morphology of dust particles. The component structure of inhaled air has practically no effects on regularities of particle deposition in various sections of the respiratory system; however, it can have substantial influence on types of pathologies progressing in the body. High shares of PM1.5 identified in inhaled air, the lower airways and blood require considering levels of PM1.5 and smaller particles in ambient air in settlements to be covered by hygienic standards. In future, the study results will be used in numeric modelling of accumulation of functional respiratory disorders and associated pathologies of other organs and systems and in predicting development of pathologies based on evolution mathematical models.

RADIOECOLOGY MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MOUNTINE AREAS OF THE TISZA RIVER BASIN (TRANSCARPATHIA, UKRAINE)

Regularities of distribution, migration and accumulation of natural gamma-active nuclides 40K, series of uranium 238U (214Pb, 214Bi) and thorium 232Th (212Pb, 212Bi, 228Ac, 208Tl), as well as technogenic 137Cs in the bottom sediments of the Tisza region in Transcarpathia (Ukraine) have been established. It is shown that the content of these radionuclides in the bottom sediments is relatively stable along the entire length of the Tisza river and is proportional to the level of its siltation, which largely depends on the morphology of the river. It was found that the total specific activity of natural gamma-active radionuclides (excluding 40K) in bottom sediments ranges from 110…139.7 Bq/kg. Areas of accumulation of gamma-active nuclides in the bottom sediments of the studied river have been identified, and the probable causes of this phenomenon have been substantiated. The averaged data of the content of specific activity of radionuclides in the bottom sediments of the Tisza river were used for mapping and forecasting of migration processes, as well as for identification of the studied sections of the river taking into account the geochemical features of the region.

Analysis and regularities of gemstone distribution in the tectonic structures of Ukraine

Purpose. On the basis of open sources of information, perform an analysis and establish the regularities of gemstones distribution in the tectonic structures of Ukraine for expansion and sustainable development of mineral-resource base of the state. The methods. The work uses general scientific research methods – empirical and theoretical (analysis, generalization, comparison, explanation), as well as the method of gemmological evaluation of rough gemstones and predictive methods of determining the value of gemstones. Findings. The geological position and gemmological criteria of the quality of gemstone varieties of the main tectonic structures are considered: the Ukrainian Crystalline Shield, the Volyn-Podilsky Plate, the Dnieper-Donetsk Depression, as well as the Crimean and Carpathian Folded Systems. The most promising tectonic structures and investment-attractive types of gemstones for the relevant regions of the country have been determined. The analysis of formation features for mineral-resource base of gemstones of Ukraine was performed. The originality. For the first time, a regularity in the distribution of deposits and occurrences of gemstones in the tectonic structures of Ukraine was revealed. A classification of gemsstone objects has been developed, which defines the principles of economic efficiency of the involvement of gemstone resources in the economic turnover. It is shown for the first time that the expansion and sustainable development of gemstone mineral-resources base of Ukraine is based on the principle of the sequence of study of deposits and occurrences. Accounting for the results of the influence of four factors - geological, gemmological, mining and technological – gives a total effect, which is expressed in the optimization of value indicators. Practical implementation. The results of the study can be used in the planning and implementation of economic works for the development of deposits and occurrences of coloured and collectible stones of Ukraine, in particular mineral deposits, where the extraction of these resources can be carried out along the way. The preparation of scientific works and methodical developments on the issues of the gemstone mineral-resource base of Ukraine can also be based on the materials of this work.