Linear Regression Analysis Model Research Articles

Pengaruh Analisis Kepuasan, Kemudahan, dan Kepercayaan Terhadap Minat Menggunakan Aplikasi Flip.id by Shifa Lailia

This study aims to analyse and obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of satisfaction, convenience, and trust on interest in using the Flip.id application (study on Flip.id user Commercial Bank customers) both simultaneously and partially. The population in this study were all customers at Flip.id user Commercial Banks. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique, as many as 100 respondents. The data used in this study are primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires. The data analysis model uses the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Model. While the data analysis technique uses the F Statistical Test, the Coefficient of Determination (R2), and the t Statistical Test. The results of the analysis and discussion show that the variables of satisfaction, convenience, and trust simultaneously have a significant effect on interest in using the Flip.id application (Study on Commercial Bank customers who use Flip.id). Partially, the variables of satisfaction and trust each have a significant effect on the interest in using the Flip.id application (Study on Commercial Bank customers who use Flip.id) whereas, the convenience variable partially does not have a significant effect on the interest in using the Flip.id application (Study on Commercial Bank customers who use Flip.id).

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PADA KARYAWAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO

Organizational commitment is a behavior in organizations that is widely discussed and researched, this is because organizations need employees who have high organizational commitment so that the organization can continue to survive and improve the services and products it produces. This research aims to determine the influence of Job Satisfaction, Work Environment and Job Design on Organizational Commitment among Employees at the Muhammadiyah Ponorogo General Hospital. This research uses a quantitative approach, namely data that can be calculated in the form of numbers. This research using quantitative methods is intended to determine the influence of Job Satisfaction, Work Environment and Job Design on Organizational Commitment at the Muhammadiyah Ponorogo General Hospital. The author's data analysis began with collecting and processing data in the form of a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale where alternative answers with a value of 1 to 5 were scored based on answers to questions regarding Job Satisfaction (X1), Work Environment (X2), and Job Design (X3). ) and Organizational Commitment (Y). Based on the results of the discussion according to the data managed using the multiple linear regression analysis model, it is concluded that; Based on the results of the t test for the independent variable Job Satisfaction, the calculated t value > t table (5.131 > 1.990) is obtained, so Ho is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment. Work Environment, obtained by the calculated t value > t table (6.796 > 1.990), then Ho is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of the Work Environment on Organizational Commitment. Job Design, obtained by the calculated t value > t table (3.009 > 1.990), then Ho is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of Job Design on Organizational Commitment. Meanwhile, based on the F test results for the dependent variable Organizational Commitment, the calculated F value > F table (50.735 > 2.70) is obtained, so Ho is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of Job Satisfaction, Work Environment and Job Design together/simultaneously on Organizational Commitment.
 Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Work Environment, Job Design, Organizational Commitment

Relationship between maxillary sinus mucosal cyst and sinus ostium 2D area in three-dimensional volumetric paranasal CT ımages.

To investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus ostium 2D area (SOA) and the development of mucosal cysts of the maxillary sinus (MMC). Thirty patients (≥ 18years) with unilateral MMC who underwent paranasal sinus CT (PNsCT) were included in this single-center retrospective study. Non-MMC sinus was used as the control group. Cyst and air volume of the maxillary sinuses, diameter, and 2-dimensional area of the ostium of the patients were calculated in the 3-dimensional volumetric analysis program. Both correlation and linear regression model analyses were performed for the relationship between MMC and SOA. Thirty patients were included (mean age of 42.30 ± 17.62years). A total of 15/30 (50%) were male. The mean SOA in patients with MMC (8.91 ± 1.10 mm2) was lower than in patients without MMC (12.94 ± 1.35 mm2), which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean sinus ostium diameter in patients with MMC (2.12 ± 0.71mm) was higher than in patients without MMC (1.91 ± 0.82mm), which was statistically insignificant (p = 0.295). There was a statistically significant, good level of negative linear correlation between SOA and total cyst volume (TCV) [correlation coefficient (r) = -0.680, p < 0.001]). As a result, the regression model consisting of "Age, Sinus air volume, and TCV" variables is a good model and has statistically significant relations with SOA. In conclusion, small SOAs contribute to the development of MMC. There was a negative correlation between SOA and TCV. In addition, 2D area measurement may be a more accurate method instead of diameter measurement.

Quantitative assessment of airway wall thickness in COPD patients with interstitial lung abnormalities.

Whether the airway is involved in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) is not well understood. Also the impact of ILA on lung function in COPD patients remains controversial. We aimed to assess the quantitative CT measurements of airway wall thickness (AWT) and lung function according to ILA status in COPD patients. 157 COPD patients discharged from our hospital from August 1, 2019 through August 31, 2022 who underwent chest CT imagings and pulmonary function tests were retrospectively enrolled. Linear regression analysis and multiple models were used to analyze associations between quantitative assessment of airway wall changes and the presence of ILA. In 157 COPD patients, 23 patients (14.6%) had equivocal ILA, 42 patients (26.8%) had definite ILA. The definite ILA group had the highest measurements of Pi10 (square root of theoretical airway wall area with a lumen perimeter of 10 mm), segmental AWT and segmental WA% (percentage of wall area), whereas the no ILA group had the lowest measurements of Pi10, segmental AWT and segmental WA%. In the adjusted analyses (adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, smoking intensity, COPD GOLD stage, lung function, slice thickness and scanner type), compared to COPD patients without ILA, the measurements of Pi10, segmental AWT and segmental WA% were higher in definite ILA group with differences of 0.225 mm (p = 0.012), 0.152 mm (p < 0.001), 4.8% (p < 0.001) respectively. COPD patients with definite ILA tended to have higher FEV1% predicted, FVC% predicted and lower MMEF75/25% predicted, but there were no statistically differences among the three groups. Our study demonstrates the higher AWT measures in COPD patients with ILA compared to the patients without ILA. These findings suggest that the airway may be involved in the pathogenesis of ILA.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Lalu Wetland Based on Monte Carlo Simulation and ACPS-MLR

Lalu wetland is the world’s largest plateau urban wetland. It was designated as a national-level nature reserve in China in 2004 and is often called “the lung of Lhasa”. It serves as a vital recreational area for urban residents. Concerns have arisen about the potential harm to human health due to heavy metals (HMs) in the wetland soil. This study assessed the ecological risk of HMs in Lalu wetland soil by using the potential ecological risk index and geo-accumulation index techniques. The findings showed that the Lalu wetland’s overall risk level is low risk. with Cd being the primary pollutant. Through the absolute principal component scores–multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model and Pearson correlation analysis, three sources of HMs were identified, including traffic sources, soil parent material sources, and geothermal sources, contributing 51.13%, 32.35%, and 16.52%, respectively. The results of the probabilistic health risk assessment based on Monte Carlo simulation indicate that non-carcinogenic risks are absent for both adults and children. However, acceptable carcinogenic risks are present. For adults, the main exposure mode is through dermal contact, while children are primarily exposed through ingestion. Children manifest a heightened vulnerability to these risks compared to adults, with As being the primary contributing element. The source-oriented health risk assessment (HRA) highlights geothermal sources as the primary contributors to health risks. The research results provide insights into the current status of HMs in Lalu wetland soil, offering a scientific basis for restricting and managing contamination by HMs in wetlands.

Engineering properties of clay soil stabilised with glass powder and rubber particles – a comparative study

ABSTRACT Soil improvement is a significant aspect of geotechnical engineering that requires periodic assessment and modification. This study aims to see how glass powder (GP) and rubber particles (RP) affect the shear strength and bearing capacity of clay soil collectively and separately. The soil samples were subjected to direct shear testing and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests at various glass powder and rubber particle contents. The CBR test was conducted under soaked and unsoaked conditions. Clay-rubber, clay-glass powder, and clay-rubber-glass powder mixtures were prepared for the tests. It was discovered that adding glass powder and rubber particles improved the soil’s shear strength parameters and bearing capacity. A comparative analysis was conducted on the clay-rubber mixtures and clay-glass powder mixtures. The results indicated much improvement by the rubber particles than the waste glass powder in the direct shear test. In contrast, the glass powder had a better impact than the rubber particles in the CBR test. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship between the CBR values and the shear strength of the soil samples using a single Linear Regression Analysis (SRLA) model. The correlation yielded satisfactory coefficients (R2), indicating a strong link between the engineering properties.

The Influence of Employer Branding towards the Intention to Apply for a Job: Case Study of an E-Commerce Startup Company in Indonesia (Tokopedia)

One of the drivers to enhance a company’s competitiveness in the market is to develop branding for its employment situation to shape the company's image. Nowadays, start-up companies are making efforts to attract talent by utilizing social media platforms like Instagram. Tokopedia, one of the largest start-up e-commerce companies in Indonesia, has an interesting platform called InsideTokopedia, which showcases its employees' culture and provides a preview while also updating job vacancies. However, the company might not be aware of whether the existence of the social media account @insidetokopedia has a positive relationship with users, encouraging them to apply for jobs at Tokopedia, or the opposite. Hence, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of employer branding on the intention to apply for a job at Tokopedia. The research was conducted by distributing online questionnaires as the primary data collection method to respondents who met the requirements as samples. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, with a total of 100 respondents who use Instagram and have followed @insidetokopedia. The analytical method used is a linear regression analysis model, with data processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software, along with descriptive analysis. The results indicate a significant influence of Tokopedia's employer branding in attracting potential applicants and a positive relationship with the intention to apply for jobs within the company.

The Construction of Ideological and Political Diversified Education Mode in Colleges and Universities Based on Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Abstract This paper firstly constructs the ideological and political diversified education model of colleges and universities from the diversified view of Civic and political education, educational objectives, as well as educational evaluation on the basis of language, logic, space and music of the theory of multiple intelligences. Then, on the basis of multiple linear regression analysis models, the step-by-step regression method is used to obtain the key factors affecting the diversified education of ideology and politics and establish the regression model of education quality. Finally, through the establishment of the quality evaluation index system of the ideological and political diversified education model, the quality of the ideological and political diversified education is analyzed by ANOVA, correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis, and the nature and effect prediction of the ideological and political diversified education model is explored. The results show that the correlation between the quality of education and diversified education ranges from 0.32 to 0.88 and is significant at the 10% level, the significance of the teachers is less than 0.05, the significance of the content of education is less than 0.05, and the significance of the form of education is less than 0.05. The students’ ideology in all dimensions has been improved by more than 1.3. The educational model based on this study can greatly improve the impact of ideological education.

The rentier economy and its impact on some indicators of sustainable development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2000-2021)

The study aimed to measure the impact of oil rents on some indicators of sustainable development in the KSA, during the period (2000-2021). In order to investigate the relationships between the variables, a simple linear regression analysis model was described to express the relationship between oil rents as an independent variable, and indicators of sustainable development ]GDP per capita, Spending on education (%of GDP), Unemployment rate, Exports to Imports Ratio, Per capita (% of CO2) [, as dependent variables. Descriptive tests were performed, and the general trend of the variables was identified by the statistical program E-Views9. As expected, the study showed that the GDP, unemployment rate, and Per capita (% of CO2) -as dependent variables- were affected by oil rents -as an independent variable-. The study also found that the most dependent variable affected by oil rents is the GDP. Contrary to what was expected, the study showed that oil rents did not affect spending on education and the ratio of exports to imports.

Analysis Of The Influence Of Consumer Behavior, Product Attributes And Brand Image On Purchasing Decisions Of Pharmaceutical Industry Products Consumers

The purpose of this study is to determine whether consumer attitudes, brand perception, and product characteristics all concurrently have a substantial impact on purchasing decisions. This study employs quantitative descriptive techniques along with a survey methodology. The author employs a variety of data collection techniques, including field research and library research, while gathering data for analysis. Open and closed questionnaires were both used by the researcher in this instance. The multiple linear regression analysis model includes the requirement of testing the analysis requirements. A two-way significant test was applied in this investigation. The t-test results demonstrate that the product attribute variables have a significant and favorable influence on the dependent variable (buying decisions), based on the findings of the partial multiple regression test. The dependent variable (buying decision) is significantly and favorably influenced by the brand image variable. The dependent variable (buying decisions) is significantly and favorably influenced by the customer attitude variable. Based on the outcomes of the simultaneous multiple regression test, the F-test results reveal that the three independent variables, namely the product attributes, brand image, and consumer attitude, significantly influence the purchasing decision variable with a significant value of 0.000 and an f-count &gt; f-table value.

Associations of ApoE Polymorphisms with Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiac Injury in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.

Genetic factors may be involved in postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) development and cardiac injury. However, the associations of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms with PoAF and cardiac injury after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remain unclear.We recruited 150 patients with CABG, comprising 92 and 58 cases for the ApoE4 and ApoE3 groups, respectively, and analyzed PoAF incidence and the levels of cardiac biomarkers, including N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The linear regression model or logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the associations of ApoE gene polymorphisms with PoAF and biomarkers for cardiac injury.A total of 58 (38.7%) patients with CABG developed PoAF, with 40 and 18 cases in the ApoE4 and ApoE3 groups (43.5% versus 31.0%, P < 0.05), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the ApoE4 allele was an independent risk factor for PoAF (OR = 3.340, P = 0.001), while the ApoE3 allele was a protective factor for the PoAF (OR = 0.841, P = 0.043). Patients carrying the ApoE4 allele had higher levels of cTnT and cTnI than those carrying the ApoE3 allele. ApoE3 was a protective factor for cardiac injury (β = -0.220, P = 0.001), whereas ApoE4 was a risk factor for cTnI (β = 0.335, P = 0.015).Our study reveals that the ApoE allele contributes to the occurrence of PoAF and severity of cardiac injury in an allele-dependent manner, with the ApoE4 allele increasing the risk and the ApoE3 allele reducing the risk.

Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease with glucocerebrosidase mutations: prevalence, clinical correlates and effect on quality of life

ObjectivesMutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) can change the clinical phenotype of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of freezing of gait (FOG) in PD patients with GBA1 mutations.MethodsA whole-exome sequencing analysis was used to identify the GBA1 mutations (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) and exclude other PD-related gene mutations. A forward binary logistic regression model was conducted to identify the associated factors of FOG. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis models were used to explore the effect of FOG on quality of life.ResultsThe prevalence of FOG in patients with GBA1 mutations (30/95, 31.6%) was significantly higher than those in patients without GBA1 mutations (152/760, 20%) (p = 0.009). A higher (i.e., worse) Unified PD Rating Scale part III score (OR = 1.126, 95%CI = 1.061–1.194, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and a lower (i.e., worse) Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (OR = 0.830, 95%CI = 0.713–0.967, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with FOG in PD patients with GBA1 mutations. The presence of FOG was significantly associated with the decreased (i.e., worse) score of PD Questionnaire 39 after adjustment for sex, age, disease duration, motor score, and non-motor score (B = 14.981, p = 0.001).ConclusionFOG is a relatively common disabling symptom in PD patients with GBA1 mutations, which is affected by motor disability and cognitive decline. Quality of life is reduced in patients with FOG and GBA1 mutations.

Digital Transformation Capacity of Small and Medium Enterprises: The Case of Hai Phong Province, Vietnam

The objective of this article focuses on studying the internal factors affecting the digital transformation capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises in Hai Phong Province to explain the reasons for the limitations in seizing opportunities and implementing digital transformation. These factors include: (1) Leadership; (2) Digital-oriented business strategy; (3) Employee capabilities; (4) Corporate culture; (5) Technological infrastructure. From there, solutions to enhance the digital transformation capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises in Hai Phong Province can be proposed based on solid grounds. The article utilizes a linear regression model analysis method to assess the impact of these factors on the digital transformation capabilities of businesses based on survey data from 427 samples, including experts and managers of small and medium-sized enterprises in Hai Phong Province. The research results indicate the factors that influence the digital transformation capabilities of businesses at various levels. Consequently, businesses will have appropriate solutions to enhance their digital transformation capabilities.

PENGARUH MODAL INTELEKTUAL, LEVERAGE DAN KAPASITAS OPERASI TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS

Profitability is very important for the company for its survival. The purpose of this study is to determine determinants such as intellectual capital, leverage, and operating capacity on the profitability of consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. This type of research is causality and the research method uses quantitative methods obtained from secondary data. The statistical tool in this research uses STATA. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained as many as 51 companies that met the criteria from a total population of 22 companies with a research period of 5 years, so that 110 sample data were obtained. This study utilizes a multiple linear regression analysis model. The results of the study show that intellectual capital, leverage, and operating capacity simultaneously affect profitability. Empirically, the role of intellectual capital, leverage and operating capacity in increasing the profitability of companies in the consumer goods subsector. Studies on the consumer goods sub-sector show that intellectual capital has a positive effect on profitability, leverage has a positive impact on profitability and operating capacity has a positive effect on profitability.

The relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive function among older adults in China: Functional limitation plays a mediating role

BackgroundThe deterioration of cognitive function with age has become a major public health issue. To date, the underlying mechanisms of the association between handgrip strength and cognitive function were poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of functional limitation in the longitudinal relationship between handgrip strength and subsequent cognitive function. MethodsThis research recruited 4416 participants aged 60 and above from wave 2015 and 2018 of the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS). We conducted the linear regression model and bootstrap analyses to test the mediating role of functional limitation in the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive function. ResultsAfter adjusting the confounders, handgrip strength was positively associated with subsequent cognitive function (β = 0.12, P < 0.001) and was negatively associated with functional limitation (β = −0.14, P < 0.001). The mediation effect of functional limitation accounted for 23.33 % of the total effect regarding the handgrip strength with cognitive function, and the magnitude of mediation effect was a*b = 0.021 (95%CI: 0.017–0.027). LimitationsThe variable of functional limitations was self-reported. And this study did not analyse the severity and duration of handgrip strength loss and functional limitations, which may lose some information. ConclusionsOur findings revealed that handgrip strength not only directly influenced cognitive function among older individuals but also indirectly via functional limitation over 3-year follow-up. Physical exercise targeting handgrip strength and functional limitation may be an effective approach to prevent and delay cognitive decline.

The impact of the concept of “tailor-made teaching” on the cultivation of higher vocational art and design professionals in the era of artificial intelligence

Abstract This paper first studied the education concept of tailor-made teaching, explored the influence of tailor-made teaching on the cultivation of professional ability, and constructed the talent cultivation model of art majors based on tailor-made teaching. Then, we constructed the influencing factor analysis model, extracted the relevant principal components, calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient, established the multiple linear regression analysis model, estimated the model parameters, and tested the model. Finally, we analyzed the influence of the concept of tailor-made teaching on talent cultivation mode, cultivation effect and cultivation evaluation, and carried out correlation analysis, regression analysis and mediation effect test on the influencing factors. The results show that the mean value of the evaluation of the education model of “tailor-made education” ranges from 3.78 to 4.35, which is at a relatively satisfactory level. The sig value of the relationship between “teaching according to student’s abilities” and the quality of talent training is 0.000, indicating that “teaching according to student’s abilities” has a significant positive effect on the quality of talent training.

PENGARUH MODAL INTELEKTUAL, DANA PIHAK KETIGA, DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS

Profitability is very important for the company for its survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intellectual capital, third party funds, and non-performing loans on the profitability of banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The implementation of this research uses a causality associative research design with secondary data types. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained as many as 23 companies that meet the criteria that generate profits and have intellectual capital data from a total population of 55 companies with a research period of 115 years, so that 115 sample data were obtained. This study utilizes a multiple linear regression analysis model. The results showed that intellectual capital has a positive effect on profitability as measured using the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC), third party funds have a positive effect on profitability by adding up demand deposits, savings and deposits. Then non-performing loans have a negative effect on profitability. Future researchers are expected to consider or add other variables that can affect profitability, such as sales growth, leverage, dividend policy, inflation rates and interest rates on different research objects. Factors from intellectual capital, third party funds, and non-performing loans can be used as the main reference for companies in an effort to increase their profitability.

Pengaruh Teknologi Digital, Religiusitas, Dan Sosial Media Terhadap Keputusan Generasi Z Berinvestasi Di Saham Syariah

This study was conducted to know the influence of technology, digital, religiosity, and social media on generation Z's decision to invest in Islamic stocks. All generation Z who invest in Islamic stocks are the population in the study while the research sample amounted to 100 people calculated by the Lemeshow formula with a confidence level of 95 percent. This research uses quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis models assisted by the SPSS 25 application. The results showed that partially digital technology, religiosity, and social media have a positive effect on the interest in investing in Islamic stocks in generation Z. While simultaneously showing that digital technology, religiosity, and social media have a positive effect on the interest in investing in Islamic stocks in generation Z. While simultaneously showing that digital technology, religiosity, and social media have a significant and positive effect on Islamic stock investment interest in generation Z with a significance contribution of 57.2 percent. The variable that has the greatest effect is social media. The development of digital technology, religiosity, and information from social media generates expectations from investors which can further increase the motivation to invest in Islamic stocks

Effect of Succession Planning Strategies on the Sustainability of Family Businesses in Nigeria

The study is a descriptive survey designed to investigate the effect of succession planning strategies on the sustainability of family businesses in Nigeria, using mentoring, training, job rotation, coaching, talent management, and internship as proxies of succession planning. The population of the study consists of 79,460 small businesses in 36 states of Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory as captured in the database of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to determine the sample and the Taro Yamani formula for calculating sample size was used to arrive at the sample size of 390 small businesses. To provide for anticipated “no response”, a 5-scale Likert questionnaire for data collection was administered to 443 representatives of small businesses across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria, out of which 435 (98.2%) returned validly. The data collected was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, correlation, and multiple regression model coefficients to determine the effect of succession strategies on the sustainability of family businesses. 84.4% of the family businesses sampled say they engaged in succession planning, and 22.1% had a written succession plan. Results of analyzing data from the study indicate that mentoring, training, job rotation, coaching, talent management, and internship as succession planning strategies are positively correlated to the sustainability of family businesses in Nigeria with statistical significance. This is corroborated by the F-test result with the F calculated value of 202.5 and p-value 0.000 larger than the 2.01 critical F at 0.05 level of significance, implying that a significant joint impact of all the independent variables exists on the dependent variable sustainability. Further, the multiple linear regression model analysis at a five percent level of significance shows an R-squared of 0.802 which indicates that 80.2% variation in sustainability is attributed to all the independent variables. Consequently, the six hypotheses for the study were rejected as the findings of the study show a statistically significant effect of the succession planning strategies investigated on the sustainability of family businesses in Nigeria. The researcher concludes that effective succession planning will enhance the sustainability of family businesses potentially. The researcher recommends that founders, owners, and managers of family businesses in Nigeria should adopt effective succession planning strategies, with a written plan to make their business sustainable beyond their retirement or death.

Influence of BMI percentile on craniofacial morphology and development in adolescents,Part II: elevated BMI is associated with larger final facial dimensions.

Prevalence of adolescent obesity has markedly increased from 5.2% in 1974 to 19.7% in 2021. Understanding the impacts of obesity is important to orthodontists, as growth acceleration and greater pre-pubertal facial dimensions are seen in children with elevated body mass index (BMI). To identify whether adolescent obesity shifts the timing and rate of craniofacial growth resulting in larger post-treatment dimensions, we evaluated cephalometric outcomes in overweight/obese (BMI > 85%, n = 168) and normal weight (n = 158) adolescents (N = 326 total). Cephalometric measurements were obtained from pre- and post-treatment records to measure growth rates and final dimensions and were statistically evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression models. Overweight and obese adolescents began and finished treatment with significantly larger, bimaxillary prognathic craniofacial dimensions, with elevated mandibular length [articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn)], maxillary length [condylion-anterior nasal spine (Co-ANS), posterior nasal spine-ANS (PNS-ANS)], and anterior lower face height (ANS-Me), suggesting overweight children grow more overall. However, there was no difference between weight cohorts in the amount of cephalometric change during treatment, and regression analyses demonstrated no correlation between change in growth during treatment and BMI. BMI percentile was a significant linear predictor (P < 0.05) for cephalometric post-treatment outcomes, including Ar-Gn, Co-ANS, ANS-Me, upper face height percentage (UFH:total FH, inverse relationship), lower face height percentage (LFH:total FH), sella-nasion-A-point (SNA), and SN-B-point (SNB). The study is retrospective. Growth begins earlier in overweight and obese adolescents and continues at a rate similar to normal-weight children during orthodontic treatment, resulting in larger final skeletal dimensions. Orthodontics could begin earlier in overweight patients to time care with growth, and clinicians can anticipate that overweight/obese patients will finish treatment with proportionally larger, bimaxillary-prognathic craniofacial dimensions.