Region Of Interest Detection Method Research Articles

A robust watermarking approach against high‐density salt and pepper noise (RWSPN) to enhance medical image security

AbstractThis paper proposes a robust watermarking method against high‐density salt and pepper noise attacks. Automatic region of interest (ROI) detection, embedding encoded data, removing different densities of noise, data extraction by omitting, and labeling the noisy pixels of Region of Non‐Interest (RONI), and decoding the extracted data using ROI pixel information as a key, are various steps of the presented scheme. The automatic ROI detection method separates the RONI from ROI with four vertices of the smallest rectangle, for the embedding process. The encoded watermark data is embedded into the least significant bits of RONI in four neighbour pixels. Adaptive Removal of high‐density Salt and pepper Noise method can enhance image quality and reduce the effect of salt and pepper noise attacks. The embedded information is preserved from destruction if the host image is impaired through the power of robustness. The best results are obtained through the action of extracting the watermark from RONI pixels, utilizing the same ROI detection method. Omitting and labeling the noisy pixels of the RONI will ensure healthy extracted watermark data, leading to decreased Bit Error Rate (BER) values. Finally, these data are interpreted using the key of ROI pixels, and the watermark data is decoded and retrieved. Due to salt and pepper noise obliterating pixel bits and their corresponding transform coefficients in the transform domain, the spatial domain is employed to enhance robustness against such attacks. The results show the high performance of the presented scheme. The average BER value for five MRI databases in a 97% salt and pepper noise attack is 38.6.

Region of interest (ROI) selection using vision transformer for automatic analysis using whole slide images

Selecting regions of interest (ROI) is a common step in medical image analysis across all imaging modalities. An ROI is a subset of an image appropriate for the intended analysis and identified manually by experts. In modern pathology, the analysis involves processing multidimensional and high resolution whole slide image (WSI) tiles automatically with an overwhelming quantity of structural and functional information. Despite recent improvements in computing capacity, analyzing such a plethora of data is challenging but vital to accurate analysis. Automatic ROI detection can significantly reduce the number of pixels to be processed, speed the analysis, improve accuracy and reduce dependency on pathologists. In this paper, we present an ROI detection method for WSI and demonstrated it for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) grading for breast cancer patients. Existing HER2 grading relies on manual ROI selection, which is tedious, time-consuming and suffers from inter-observer and intra-observer variability. This study found that the HER2 grade changes with ROI selection. We proposed an ROI detection method using Vision Transformer and investigated the role of image magnification for ROI detection. This method yielded an accuracy of 99% using 20 × WSI and 97% using 10 × WSI for the ROI detection. In the demonstration, the proposed method increased the diagnostic agreement to 99.3% with the clinical scores and reduced the time to 15 seconds for automated HER2 grading.

Region-of-interest based video coding strategy for rate/energy-constrained smart surveillance systems using WMSNs

Video surveillance systems that involve embedded visual sensor nodes have significant constraints due to their limited energy sources. Reducing the power consumption of the in-node processing and the required bandwidth while maintaining a high QoS is still a challenging task. The difficulty increases when a smart task must be performed on the received video in the destination. In this context, this paper proposes an energy-efficient video coding strategy based on a new and fast region-of-interest (ROI) detection method. The lightweight ROI detection method segments the frame into four regions. And the coding strategy aims to extract two different classes of the ROI for coding and transmission using variable quality levels based on their relevance. Furthermore, the strategy aims to exclude the regions of lower importance and any non-ROI that has insignificant movement. We assess the strategy’s ability to perform object recognition tasks at the destination under quality degradation. The performance results using different datasets demonstrate a better trade-off between awareness of ROI quality, energy consumption and bandwidth savings for the proposed strategy compared to other methods. This results in 96% reduction of bandwidth and 93% reduction in energy for some sequences at the expense of a 1-4 dB decrease in PSNR when compared to MJPEG standard. While the recognition accuracy of the YOLOv3 model at the destination outperforms the other techniques by about 4% to 22%.

ICoRD: iterative correlation-based ROI detection method for the extraction of neural signals in calcium imaging

Objective. In vivo calcium imaging is a standard neuroimaging technique that allows selective observation of target neuronal activities. In calcium imaging, neuron activation signals provide key information for the investigation of neural circuits. For efficient extraction of the calcium signals of neurons, selective detection of the region of interest (ROI) pixels corresponding to the active subcellular region of the target neuron is essential. However, current ROI detection methods for calcium imaging data exhibit a relatively low signal extraction performance from neurons with a low signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR). This is problematic because a low SNR is unavoidable in many biological experiments. Approach. Therefore, we propose an iterative correlation-based ROI detection (ICoRD) method that robustly extracts the calcium signal of the target neuron from a calcium imaging series with severe noise. Main results. ICoRD extracts calcium signals closer to the ground-truth calcium signal than the conventional method from simulated calcium imaging data in all low SNR ranges. Additionally, this study confirmed that ICoRD robustly extracts activation signals against noise, even within in vivo environments. Significance. ICoRD showed reliable detection from neurons with a low SNR and sparse activation, which were not detected by conventional methods. ICoRD will facilitate our understanding of neural circuit activity by providing significantly improved ROI detection in noisy images.

Adaptive Region of Interest Detection Method for Liver Cancer Image Based on Convolutional Neural Network for Biochemical Sensing System

Adaptive Region of Interest Detection Method for Liver Cancer Image Based on Convolutional Neural Network for Biochemical Sensing System

A deep learning approach for mitosis detection: Application in tumor proliferation prediction from whole slide images

The tumor proliferation, which is correlated with tumor grade, is a crucial biomarker indicative of breast cancer patients' prognosis. The most commonly used method in predicting tumor proliferation speed is the counting of mitotic figures in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) histological slides. Manual mitosis counting is known to suffer from reproducibility problems. This paper presents a fully automated system for tumor proliferation prediction from whole slide images via mitosis counting. First, by considering the epithelial tissue as mitosis activity regions, we build a deep-learning-based region of interest detection method to select the high mitosis activity regions from whole slide images. Second, we learned a set of deep neural networks to detect mitosis detection from selected areas. The proposed mitosis detection system is designed to effectively overcome the mitosis detection challenges by two novel deep preprocessing and two-step hard negative mining approaches. Third, we trained a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to predict the final tumor proliferation score. The proposed method was evaluated on the dataset of the Tumor Proliferation Assessment Challenge (TUPAC16) and achieved a 73.81 % F-measure and 0.612 weighted kappa score, respectively, outperforming all previous approaches significantly. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system considerably improves the tumor proliferation prediction accuracy and provides a reliable automated tool to support health care make-decisions.

Automated Region of Interest Detection Method in Scintigraphic Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation.

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a crucial index to measure renal function. In daily clinical practice, the GFR can be estimated using the Gates method, which requires the clinicians to define the region of interest (ROI) for the kidney and the corresponding background in dynamic renal scintigraphy. The manual placement of ROIs to estimate the GFR is subjective and labor-intensive, however, making it an undesirable and unreliable process. This work presents a fully automated ROI detection method to achieve accurate and robust GFR estimations. After image preprocessing, the ROI for each kidney was delineated using a shape prior constrained level set (spLS) algorithm and then the corresponding background ROIs were obtained according to the defined kidney ROIs. In computer simulations, the spLS method had the best performance in kidney ROI detection compared with the previous threshold method (threshold) and the Chan-Vese level set (cvLS) method. In further clinical applications, 223 sets of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scintigraphic images from patients with abnormal renal function were reviewed. Compared with the former ROI detection methods (threshold and cvLS), the GFR estimations based on the ROIs derived by the spLS method had the highest consistency and correlations (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) with the reference estimated by experienced physicians. The results indicate that the proposed automated ROI detection method has great potential in automated ROI detection for accurate and robust GFR estimation in dynamic renal scintigraphy.

A Contactless Rotation-Invariant Palm Vein Recognition System

There is a high demand for contactless biometrics due to social concern for more convenient and hygienic technology. However, contactless biometrics like palm vein recognition faces a number of challenges. Hand rotation is among the main challenges to be solved. A number of methods have been introduced to extract palm region of interest (ROI) and have reported high accuracy, but the maximum rotation that can be handled by the methods are never mentioned. Usually, the ROI detection method fails to work if a large rotation exists in the hand position. In this paper, we propose a rotation-invariant method that can detect a palm ROI in any rotation angles. The method can sustain the recognition accuracy despite a substantial hand rotation of up to 360°. ROI detection in different angles causes minor ROI dislocation, thus a feature extraction technique called Winner-Take-All hashing (WTA) is developed. WTA serves as a feature enhancer, and is equipped with the Fisher’s Discriminant criterion to obtain a discriminative representation from the palm ROI. Experiment result shows that the proposed method is able to achieve a maximum recall of 94% and an EER at 7.12% for a challenging scenario containing hand rotation of up to 360°.

Monocular Vision-Based Underwater Object Detection.

In this paper, we propose an underwater object detection method using monocular vision sensors. In addition to commonly used visual features such as color and intensity, we investigate the potential of underwater object detection using light transmission information. The global contrast of various features is used to initially identify the region of interest (ROI), which is then filtered by the image segmentation method, producing the final underwater object detection results. We test the performance of our method with diverse underwater datasets. Samples of the datasets are acquired by a monocular camera with different qualities (such as resolution and focal length) and setups (viewing distance, viewing angle, and optical environment). It is demonstrated that our ROI detection method is necessary and can largely remove the background noise and significantly increase the accuracy of our underwater object detection method.

SDBD: A Hierarchical Region-of-Interest Detection Approach in Large-Scale Remote Sensing Image

Region-of-interest (ROI) detection techniques are of great importance in the analysis of remote sensing images, especially in target detection, since the size of the image to be dealt with grows substantially with the improvement of spatial resolution. Most of current studies are not aiming at the specific type of object area detection, and the processed images are rather small compared to the size of the raw data acquired by high-resolution satellite. In this letter, a hierarchical task-driven ROI detection method, based on saliency and density, is proposed to address the detection of the potential object areas in large-scale remote sensing images. The proposed saliency and density-based detection method (SDBD) integrates bottom–up and top–down strategies, where the saliency-based multilevel histogram contrast is presented in the bottom–up phase to obtain the preliminary regions, while the centroid density distribution index (CDDI) is defined in the top–down scheme to refine the previous results. Specifically, superpixel segmentation is introduced in this letter to narrow down the ROI candidates. SDBD is capable of extracting ROI of different objects by adjusting the threshold of CDDI. The experiments are conducted on two data sets to extract ROIs of storage tanks and residence. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in identifying ROI in large-scale data.

The Study of Detecting Irregular Edge with Straight-Line Method

This study’s main intention is to propose the best-fit line detection, Region of Interest (ROI) detection and precision measuring method by using an object with an irregular edge in a high precision optical image. In general, an object with a smooth edge will actually display a very irregular and uneven gray scale distribution after being imaged by a high precision optical instrument, which may lead to a big problem if it is used in precision detection and measurement. Therefore, in this study we will individually propose the best-fit line detection, ROI detection conversion and the precision measuring method for irregular edges. The best-fit line detection is to propose two different best-fit line detection modes without affecting the computing time. The ROI detection method is to detect the region of most interest to the user and then to convert the regional line into a full-field image. For precision measurement, in this study we will propose a method for calculating the distance from the line to the edge and the distance between lines to achieve the measuring purpose.

Impact of automatic region-of-interest coding on perceived quality in mobile video

At present, the most reliable method to obtain end-user perceived quality is through subjective tests. In this paper, the impact of automatic region-of-interest (ROI) coding on perceived quality of mobile video is investigated. The evidence, which is based on perceptual comparison analysis, shows that the coding strategy improves perceptual quality. This is particularly true in low bit rate situations. The ROI detection method used in this paper is based on two approaches: (1) automatic ROI by analyzing the visual contents automatically, and (2) eye-tracking based ROI by aggregating eye-tracking data across many users, used to both evaluate the accuracy of automatic ROI detection and the subjective quality of automatic ROI encoded video. The perceptual comparison analysis is based on subjective assessments with 54 participants, across different content types, screen resolutions, and target bit rates while comparing the two ROI detection methods. The results from the user study demonstrate that ROI-based video encoding has higher perceived quality compared to normal video encoded at a similar bit rate, particularly in the lower bit rate range.

The Study of Detecting Irregular Edge with Straight-Line Method

This study's main intention is to propose the best-fit line detection, Region of Interest (ROI) detection and precision measuring method by using an object with an irregular edge in a high precision optical image. In general, an object with a smooth edge will actually display a very irregular and uneven gray scale distribution after being imaged by a high precision optical instrument, which may lead to a big problem if it is used in precision detection and measurement. Therefore, in this study we will individually propose the best-fit line detection, ROI detection conversion and the precision measuring method for irregular edges. The best-fit line detection is to propose two different best-fit line detection modes without affecting the computing time. The ROI detection method is to detect the region of most interest to the user and then to convert the regional line into a full-field image. For precision measurement, in this study we will propose a method for calculating the distance from the line to the edge and the distance between lines to achieve the measuring purpose.

Region-of-interest determination and bit-rate conversion for H.264 video transcoding

Abstract This paper presents a video bit-rate transcoder for baseline profile in H.264/AVC standard to fit the available channel bandwidth for the client when transmitting video bit-streams via communication channels. To maintain visual quality for low bit-rate video efficiently, this study analyzes the decoded information in the transcoder and proposes a Bayesian theorem-based region-of-interest (ROI) determination algorithm. In addition, a curve fitting scheme is employed to find the models of video bit-rate conversion. The transcoded video will conform to the target bit-rate by re-quantization according to our proposed models. After integrating the ROI detection method and the bit-rate transcoding models, the ROI-based transcoder allocates more coding bits to ROI regions and reduces the complexity of the re-encoding procedure for non-ROI regions. Hence, it not only keeps the coding quality but improves the efficiency of the video transcoding for low target bit-rates and makes the real-time transcoding more practical. Experimental results show that the proposed framework gets significantly better visual quality.

Plantar ROI Characterization during the Stance Phase of Gait Based on a Low-cost Pressure Acquisition Platform

Plantar Region of Interest (ROI) detection is important for the early diagnosis and treatment of morphologic defects of the foot and foot bionic research. Conventional methods have employed complex procedures and expensive instruments which prohibit their widespread use in healthcare. In this paper an automatic plantar ROIs detection method using a customized low-cost pressure acquisition device is proposed. Plantar pressure data and 3D motion capture data were collected from 28 subjects (14 healthy subjects and 14 subjects with hallux valgus). The maximal inter-frame difference during the stance phase was calculated. Consequently, the ROIs were defined by the first-order difference in combination with prior anatomic knowledge. The anatomic locations were determined by the maximal inter-frame difference and second maximal inter-frame difference, which nearly coincided. Our system can achieve average recognition accuracies of 92.90%, 89.30%, 89.30%, 92.90%, 92.90%, and 89.30% for plantar ROIs hallux and metatarsi I-V, respectively, as compared with the annotations using the 3D motion capture system. The maximal difference of metatarsus heads II-V, and the impulse of the medial and lateral heel features made a significant contribution to the classification of hallux valgus and healthy subjects with ≥ 80% sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the plantar pressure acquisition system is portable and convenient to use, thus can be used in home- or community-based healthcare applications.

ROI detection method for lunar imagery based on SURF

A Lunar Impact Crater Model is proposed by analyzing the relationship between region of interest(ROI) and local salient features of lunar imagery according to the illumination characteristics.Based on the model,an ROI detection algorithm is proposed.SURF of the highlight region and shadow region of an impact crater are extracted at first;then the homogeneous features are merged into new ones.According to the constructive constrains of the Lunar Impact Crater Model,pairs of highlight feature and shadow feature are combined to generate the ROI.The algorithm has been put into test on Chang'e-1 and Chang'e-2 lunar imagery data,and was able to correctly detect the obvious regions of impact craters with results much better than those obtained by Itti algorithm.

REGION OF INTEREST DETECTION BASED ON VISUAL PERCEPTION MODEL

According to human vision theory, the image is conveyed from human visual system to brain when people have a look at. Different from previous work, the study reported in this paper attempts to simulate a more real and complex method for region of interest (ROI) detection and quantitatively analyze the correlation between users' visual perception and ROI. In this paper, a visual perception model-based ROI detection is proposed, which can be realized with an ordinary web camera. Visual perception model employs a combination of visual attention model and gaze tracking data to objectively detect ROIs. The work includes pre-ROI estimation using visual attention model, gaze data collection and ROI detection. Pre-ROIs are segmented by the visual attention model. Since eye feature extraction is critical to the accuracy and performance of gaze tracking, adaptive eye template and neural network are employed to predict gaze points. By computing the density of the gaze points, ROIs are ranked. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our ROI detection method can be raised as high as 97% and it is also demonstrated that our model can efficiently adapt to users' interests and match the objective ROI.