Region Of Electromagnetic Spectrum Research Articles

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid [(18-Crown-6)K][MoOCl4(H2O)

Crown ether anchored organic-inorganic hybrid halides have been recently reported as interesting luminescent materials in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. Is it possible to develop such crown ether anchored hybrid materials for near infrared emission? Motivated by this question, we designed a new hybrid material, namely, [(18-Crown-6)K][MoOCl4(H2O)]. 18-Crown-6 ether bound with K+ form the cationic part [(18-Crown-6)K]+. The K+ of [(18-Crown-6)K]+ electrostatically interacts with Cl- of the anionic part [MoOCl4(H2O)]-, forming the hybrid crystal [(18-Crown-6)K][MoOCl4(H2O)]. It crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system with Pnma space group. The Mo(V) possesses one d-electron (d1) in point group symmetry in the [MoOCl4(H2O)]- polyhedra. This electronic configuration leads to multiple spin-allowed transitions along with a ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) resulting into multiple optical absorption bands in the near UV-visible-near infrared (NIR) region. The lowest energy transition via 2E ( , )/2E ( ) 2B2 ( ) leads to NIR PL with peak at 952 nm, but with a poor intensity at room temperature.

An environmentally-friendly approach to monovalent Cu-doped ZnS: Physicochemical characterization and photocatalytic activity

Certain semiconducting species suffer from the lack of optical activity in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum, due to large band gap. The integration of various dopants has been widely used in order to generate additional electron transitions and subsequently lead to red-shifted absorption spectrum and enhanced photon harvesting in the visible-NIR region. Herein, a facile two-step environmentally-friendly approach was employed to integrate monovalent Cu species onto ZnS lattice. The study was set to assess the effect of Cu doping in Zinc Sulfide lattice on optical and photocatalytic properties. The theoretical weight fraction of the dopant ranged between 0% and 50%. The physicochemical characterization of either neat semiconductors (ZnS and Cu2O) or Cu-doped ZnS hybrids was performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XPS provided some enhanced understanding about the chemical speciation of the hybrid materials. This information was strongly supported by Raman analysis. The optimized Cu-doped ZnS hybrid demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of Orange G dye, under UV irradiation.

Probing optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of double perovskite halides Li2CuInY6 (Y = Cl, Br, I) for energy conversion applications

Recently, double perovskite halides (DPHs) become crucial due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices due to their stability, non-toxicity, superior oxidation resistance, high conversion efficiency, and high temperature stability. In the current study, we explored DPHs Li2CuInY6 (Y = Cl, Br, I) employing Wien2k package to analyze the structural stability, optoelectronic and thermoelectric features. The formation energy and Born stability criteria are computed to confirm thermodynamic and structural stability. Studied DPHs have direct bandgaps nature investigated by modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) potential. Calculated values of bandgap decreases, when replace halide ion from Cl to I, indicate tuning from visible to infrared (IR) region of electromagnetic spectrum. Their band edge tuning across the visible to infrared border is reliant on replacement, which makes them suitable for projects involving opto-electronic devices. Further, optical features are investigated in terms of incident photon energy in order to assess the optical output. Lastly, electronic thermoelectric performance is computed using the figure of merit (ZT) for all DPs. Computed results of direct bandgap and optical behavior show that DP Li2CuInCl6 can be used as photovoltaic devices as compared to DPs Li2CuInBr6 and Li2CuInI6.

Superalkalides based on stacked janus molecule with improved optical nonlinearity

Research is actively being carried out to design new materials with exceptional nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. In this context, a systematic investigation of designing novel hypothetical materials e.g., superalkalides based on stacked Janus dimer, all-cis-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexafluorocyclohexane (C6H6F6)2 has been reported using high-level density functional simulations. The superalkalides are designed here by doping alkali metals on the fluorine face and superalkalis on the hydrogen face of Janus dimer. The thermodynamic stability of newly designed complexes is demonstrated by the interaction energies (Eint), ranging between −13.64 and −33.12 kcal/mol. Moreover, the superalkalide nature of these complexes is proved by negative charge and HOMO on superalkalis in natural bond orbitals (NBO) and frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analyses, respectively. Energy gaps (Eg) between HOMO and LUMO orbitals of the designed complexes lie in the range of 0.63–0.83 eV. UV–Vis analysis is performed to gain idea about the transparent region of electromagnetic spectrum for nonlinear activity. The nonlinear activity of the designed superalkalide(s) is studied by static first hyperpolarizability β0, dynamic first hyperpolarizability β(ω) and dynamic second hyperpolarizability γ(2- ω; ω, ω). The highest β0, β(ω), and γ(2- ω; ω, ω) ranges up to 1.1 × 107, 2.9 × 106 and 2.9 × 1012 au, respectively for designed complexes. A comprehensive examination of these superalkalides based on stacked Janus dimers with exceptionally high NLO response highlights their potential for use in nonlinear optical materials.

A DFT study of (La2O3)n clusters and effect of Ba, Y and Hf doping for their optoelectronic applications

( La 2 O 3 ) n (n=1-5) clusters have been computationally studied using DFT and TDDFT with B3LYP functional under hybrid GGA approximation and LANL2DZ basis set. The doping effect of various elements like Ba, Y and Hf on the structural, electronic and non-linear optical (NLO) properties of ( La 2 O 3 ) n clusters has been studied for finding their optoelectronic applications. Different optimised geometries of ( La 2 O 3 ) n and Ba, Y and Hf doped ( La 2 O 3 ) n clusters have been obtained. HOMO-LUMO gap ( Δ E ) and chemical hardness (τ) of ( La 2 O 3 ) n clusters decreases significantly with doping of Ba, Y and Hf atoms making these clusters very reactive. Refractive index and the absorption in UV–VIS region of electromagnetic spectra of Ba, Y and Hf doped ( La 2 O 3 ) n clusters increases as compared to ( La 2 O 3 ) n clusters making these clusters suitable to be used as additives in the manufacturing of various types of glasses. Also, dielectric constant (ϵ) of Ba, Y and Hf doped ( La 2 O 3 ) n clusters increases finding their applications to be used in the oxide layer of MOSFETs.

Solution processed PANI-rGO-SiO2 nanocomposite with inflated electron injection and transport capabilities as ETL for OLED applications

PANI-rGO-SiO2 nanocomposite as an ETL with varying concentrations of SiO2 was synthesized via oxidative in-situ polymerization process. Their structural and optical properties were investigated by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, Photoluminescence and UV–Vis. Spectroscopy. The PANI depicted a nanofiber-like structure with uniform distribution. The optical band gap of the optimized PGS1 nanocomposite was estimated ∼ 3.01 eV in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. TGA results revealed lesser weight loss ∼ 12 % in case of PGS1 nanocomposite than PANI. The light absorption was found at 481 nm in blue region due to charge transfer of SiO2 and PANI-rGO matrix. The current density of PGS1 nanocomposite was observed 76 % greater than pristine PANI using J-V characteristics which showed greater capacities to transfer electron from cathode into emissive layer. These results elucidate that the optimized PGS1 nanocomposite is a compatible candidate for an electron transport layer (ETL) in OLED applications.

Investigation of UV-Vis Photoresponse of WO3/RGO Heterostructure-Based Optical Sensor

Combining tungsten oxide (WO3) with feasible reduced graphene oxide (RGO) yields a novel heterostructure so as to improve optical sensing performances. Here, we develop a high-performance WO3/RGO heterostructure-based optical sensor to work in the ultraviolet-to- visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The WO3/RGO heterostructures with their varying ratios were synthesized via chemical route and were treated for characterization. The nature, structure, and morphology of the heterostructures were confirmed via XRD pattern and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The absorption spectra investigated in the range of 200–800 nm reveal that their absorption peaks and bandgap mainly lie in the UV–Vis region, which gives the idea that these fabricated heterostructures would be well suited for optical sensors to work in the UV–Vis region. The optical sensor having pure RGO, pure WO3, and WO3/RGO heterostructures as detecting materials was fabricated onto Si/SiO2 substrate and was characterized on illuminating it with UV–Vis light of 390-, 532-, and 635-nm wavelengths, and the current–voltage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> – <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and current–time ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> – <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics were measured. The addition of RGO to WO3 altered the device’s ability to detect UV and visible light while also increasing the output photocurrent to a much higher value. The obtained responsivity, detectivity, and quantum efficiency were found to be 16.24 mA/W, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${16}.{3} \times {10} ^{{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Jones, and 5.16%, respectively. At the same time, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> – <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> curves show continuous stable peaks under periodic on/off, indicating that the optical sensor is highly stable and the obtained rise and recovery times were much better demonstrating that the device also has good switching capability.

Coupling of topological interface states in 1D photonic crystal

Coupling of topological interface states in a one dimensional photonic crystal has been systematically investigated in a broad energy region of electromagnetic spectrum. The robust topological interface states appear when the Zak phase between the adjoining photonic crystals are different at their common photonic bandgap. The coupled interface states created combining three photonic crystals are useful for the spatial confinement and enhancement of electric fields, which could find potential applications in nonlinear photonics and multichannel filters. Anticrossing observed in the dispersion confirms the strong coupling between the topological interface states and causes Rabi-like splitting between them. The splitting energy is found decreasing with increasing number of unit cells in the photonic crystal. The angular and polarization dependency of the coupled states are studied in detail. The resonant wavelength position and bandwidth of the dual reflectivity dips corresponding to the coupled interface states are polarization sensitive and tunable with varying angle of incidence of light.

The Utility of Airborne Hyperspectral Measurement in Assessment of Soil Fertility

A study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between hyperspectral data with soil fertility status in the study area of Chinnapalem village Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. One hudredfifty-three (153) samples were collected at different locations with GPS coordinates by adopting grid method. The hyperspectral data revealed that soil reaction, available Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn showed positive and significant correlation between VIS-NIR region of electromagnetic spectrum. However, EC and available S were negative and significant throughout VIS and SWIR. From, Stepwise regression approach the poorest fit was observed in all the properties although the highest accuracy (R2=0.467) was found for available zinc, while lowest predictability (R2=0.028) was for sand.

Ga based Sillenite-TiO2 composite for efficient sunlight induced photo reduction of Cr (VI) and photo degradation of ampicillin

This work reports the design and development of an efficient sillenite based visible light photoactive Bi24Ga2O39–TiO2 (BGT) heterostructure. Structural and morphological studies based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) confirm the formation of combined phase as well the overall morphology of composite BGT. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm the presence of Bi3+, Ga3+, Ti4+ & O2−. The composite exhibits a shift in the absorbance edge towards visible region of electromagnetic spectrum when compared to that of TiO2. Suitable band edge positions in the composite facilitate the formation of type-1 heterojunction enhancing visible light photocatalytic property. The photocatalytic activity is evident from photo reduction of Cr (VI) (95% reduction in 180 min). The composite also plays an improved and effective role in the degradation of persistent drug ampicillin-cloxacillin (AMC) with a rate constant of 0.02 min−1. Photocatalytic experiments conducted at different pH values showed higher performance at lower pH ∼3. Trapping experiments performed on the sample confirm the role of holes as the main active species during photocatalysis. Appreciable recyclability of BGT composite was noted with respect to AMC drug degradation.

Modulation of Optical Band Gap of 2-Amino Terephthalic Acid Cu-MOFs Doped with Ag&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and rGO

The synthesized MOF with copper metal dopant has shown band gap around 1.5 eV which falls in the UV region of electromagnetic spectrum. This MOF with copper turns into nano/MOF composite with addition of Ag2O and rGO to it. The results of band gap of MOF/ Ag2O and MOF/rGO showed 1.904 eV and 1.639 eV respectively. This shift in band gap supports to use them as a UV and near visible light harvest catalyst and also assist in enhancing mechanical, thermal and structural behaviour of compounds. The enhancement of band gap of MOF/nanoMO is attributed to the quantum size effect.

The fluorescence study of the quenching of nanoemulsion by protoporphyrin IX (PPIX)

Nanoemulsion is a unique and versatile fluid that solubilizes both ionic and non-ionic molecules. It has been used extensively for drug delivery. Nanoemulsion, prepared with water-oil-surfactant and co-surfactant, is fluorescent at or the near IR region of electromagnetic spectrum. However, when protoporphyrin (PPIX), a useful photosensitizer in PDT modality, and a poorly water-soluble compound, is introduced into the nanoemulsion medium, the observed fluorescence of the nanoemulsion is quenched. We have used the steady-state fluorescence technique to study the mechanism of this quenching. It is observed that the interaction between nanoemulsion and PPIX is 1:1 and the interaction constant, Ka, is about 2.37 x 105/mol and the Free energy of interactions, Ga, is -30.66 kJ/mol.

Theoretical Study on Polycarbonate-Based One-Dimensional Ternary Photonic Structures from Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Regions of Electromagnetic Spectrum

In the present research work, we have theoretically analyzed the photonic band-gap properties of one-dimensional photonic structures composed of polycarbonate and non-glass materials. These photonic structures, PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4, are composed of alternating layers of polycarbonate/Al2O3, polycarbonate/MgF2, polycarbonate/BaF2 and polycarbonate/TiO2 materials, respectively. The period of each photonic structure is made up of a thin non-glass material layer sandwiched between two identical polycarbonate layers. The transfer matrix method has been used to investigate the transmission properties of PC1 to PC4. The comparison between the transmission spectra of PC1 to PC4 shows that the polycarbonate and TiO2-based photonic structure (PC4) possess three PBGs of zero transmission located at far-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum at normal and oblique incidence (θ0 = 55°), both corresponding to TE wave only. The index of refraction of all five materials used in this study was obtained by applying the Sellmeier-type dispersion relationship to ensure accuracy in the results. The purpose of selecting polycarbonate along with Al2O3, TiO2, MgF2 or BaF2 as constituent materials of these photonic structures is due to the heat resistance properties of polycarbonate and the unique optical properties of oxide and fluoride materials with wide transparency from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The proposed work can be used to design some influential wavelength-selective reflectors composed of 1D PCs behind the active region of the solar cells for improving the photovoltaic performance of solar panels. This study can further be utilized for the fabrication of advanced solar cell designs consisting of 1D photonic mirror-based luminescence and reflection concentrators. The low temperature problem which arises in satellites may also be overcome with the help of smart windows based on the proposed multilayer structures.

Synthesis, Optoelectronic and Photoluminescent Characterizations of Green Luminous Heteroleptic Ternary Terbium Complexes

This article presents four ternary terbium complexes based on fluorinated 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) and N donor bidentate neutral ligands. The prepared complexes were examined by elemental study, electrochemical analysis, spectroscopically and thermo-gravimetrically. Spectral analysis shows the bonding of Tb3+ ion with oxygen and nitrogen atom of diketone and neutral ligand respectively. Upon excitation in UV region, synthesized terbium complexes show luminescence in green region of electromagnetic spectrum. Photoluminescence emission spectra of complexes do not show any ligand based peak suggesting the effective transferal of energy from ligand to metal ion. Green emanation by terbium complexes is owing to intense peak ~547nm (5D4 → 7F5). The outcome of emission data and CIE coordinates correlate with each other and affirms the utility of green luminous complexes as potential emissive material for optoelectronic gadgets applied in lighting system.

Electronic structure, optical, thermoelectric and magnetic properties of A2CdP2 (A = Ca, Sr and Ba) n-type narrow band gap semiconductors

Structural, Optoelectronic, thermoelectric and magnetic properties of A2CdP2 (A = Ca, Sr and Ba) Zentl phase compounds in Cmc21 symmetry are investigated using FP-LAPW method with GGA-PBE, GGA-PBEsol, HSE06, G0W0 and GGA-mBJ potentials based on DFT. Estimated structure parameters are well agreement with the experiment. Cohesive energy shows that Ba2CdP2 is more stale then the rest compounds and posses high melting point. Electronic properties shows that all the compounds are direct band gap semiconductors at central symmetry while GGA-mBJ transit the direct band gap nature to indirect nature at ᴦ-H symmetry. The direct band gap values are ranging from 0.74 to 1.47 eV. The calculated band gaps are decreasing with the cation replacement and increasing by hybrid functionals. The result revel that all the compounds are optically active in infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum. Optical properties reveals that these compounds can be used as potential candidate for optoelectronic devices. Due to the narrow band gap semiconducting nature of these compounds their thermoelectric parameters are also calculated which shows that these compounds are efficient to use as the active thermoelectric materials. DFT and Post-DFT calculation indicate the paramagnetic nature of all compounds.

1D reconfigurable bistable photonic device composed of phase change material for detection of reproductive female hormones

In this manuscript one-dimensional (1D) photonic biosensor (PQ) N GDG(PQ) N composed of phase change material (PCM) germanium antimony telluride (GST) has been studied in visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. This design is capable of label free recognition of reproductive hormones of female which are significant during reproductive process such as menstruation and parturition. The proposed structure is composed of an air cavity separated by two buffer layers of GST material. The GST buffer layers have been used to improve the sensing performance of the structure. The modified cavity associated with buffer GST layers is sandwiched between two 1D photonic structures (PS) (PQ) N . Both 1D PS are consisted of alternate material layers of SiO2 and Si of period 5. The transmission spectra of proposed design have been obtained by using transfer matrix method and MATLAB software. In this work the performance of the devise has been investigated for normal and oblique incidence corresponding to TE wave only under the influence of change of phases of GST. The mainstay of this research is focused on the tunable performance of proposed bio-sensing design due to switching between amorphous phase (aGST) and crystalline phase (cGST) of GST. Moreover how the change in the thickness of cavity region as well as angle of incidence corresponding to TE wave affects the performance of the design has also been studied. The sensitivity, quality factor and figure of merit values of the design have also been studied to get deep insight about the sensing capabilities of the proposed design under the influence of crystalline and amorphous phases of GST. Thus due to simple architecture and excellent switchable and reconfigurable characteristics, our structure works efficiently in industrial and biomedical refractive index based sensing applications.

Structural and electronic properties of zigzag single wall (8,0), (9,0), and (10,0) silicon carbide nanotubes

Using first principles density functional theory calculations, the electronic and geometric structures of three different types of zigzag single wall silicon carbide nanotubes (SiC SWNT) within (8,0), (9,0), and (10,0) chiralities have been studied. These SiC SWNTs appear to possess a bulk as well as nanotube properties. The binding energies per atom for these pristine chiralities is close to that of the bulk SiC counterpart (i.e., 6.82 eV/atom for SiC SWNT to 6.85 eV/atom for 3C-SiC). The energy gaps for these chiralities of SiC SWNT ranges up to 2.54 eV, offering opportunities for opto-electronic applications in a wider regions of electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the nanotubes offer unique opportunities for making sandwiching to tailor for a desired specific applications of interest. Sandwiching of the SiC SWNTs between boron (B), nitrogen (N), gallium-nitride (GaN), & zinc-oxide (ZnO) appear to result in an enhanced or about the same values of binding energy per atom of the nanotubes, compared to that of the pristine SiC SWNTs.

Structural, vibrational, electronic, elastic and thermoelectric properties of monolayer alkali halide compounds from first principles investigation

A detailed analysis of structural, vibrational, electronic, elastic and thermoelectric properties for sixteen hexagonal monolayers which belongs to family of group I-VII compounds (alkali halides) are performed with first-principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT) and semi-classical-Boltzmann transport equations (BTE). The thermoelectric properties of monolayer alkali halides is reported for the first time. The frequency dependent phonon dispersion relations indicate the dynamical stability of all the considered group I-VII hexagonal monolayers, namely, MX (M=Li, Na, K, Rb and XF, Cl, Br, I) in their planner structure. Along with phonon dispersion relations, we also investigated their mechanical stability by calculating elastic properties. The obtained elastic parameters and polar diagrams of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio confirms mechanical stability of all the considered systems. All the monolayers alkali halides are found to possess wide indirect energy bandgaps ranging between 3.91 and 6.74 eV, which indicates that these compounds are active in the UV region of electromagnetic spectra. In order to gain more insight on I-VII MX compounds, we also obtained their effective mass, deformation potential, relaxation time and mobility for electron and holes along armchair and zigzag directions. Finally, we computed the thermoelectric properties for all considered hexagonal monolayers (MX) with respect to temperature. The investigated thermoelectric properties include electrical conductivity (σ), thermal conductivity (k), Seebeck coefficients (S) and figure of merit (ZT). Among all the MX hexagonal monolayers, LiI, KBr, KI and RbCl observed to exhibits outstanding thermoelectric properties for a wide range of temperature (200–800 K). The present investigation certainly reports the merits of I-VII MX monolayers as possible materials for future thermoelectric devices.

Photoinjection and carrier recombination kinetics in photoanode based on (TM)FeO3 adsorbed TiO2 quantum dots

The work being reported was carried out with motivation to address the issues being faced by DSSC by designing organic dye attached to (TM)FeO3/TiO2 structures (where TM = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) using first principles methods. The structural and electronic properties of (TiO2)54 quantum dot (QD), clusters (TM)FeO3, adsorbed (TM)FeO3/(TiO2)54 and dye attached (TiO2)54/(TM)FeO3 structures are described in detail. The structural stability of the clusters exhibited consistent trend in such a way that the cluster CuFeO3 is most stable whereas ZnFeO3 is least stable structure. The band gap of the QD is reduced after adsorption of the clusters to make harvesting of solar light in visible region except (TiO2)54/Fe2O3 and (TiO2)54/ZnFeO3 which are found active in infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum. The value of recombination rate is decreased whereas the electron injection rate is increased after adsorption of (TM)FeO3 on the QD.

Modulation of band gap and optical response of layered MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) for electronic and optoelectronic applications

Motivated by the fascinating behavior of monolayer MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te), we have reported the structural, phonon dispersions relations, electronic and optical properties for monolayer to quadlayer of MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) by employing ab-initio calculations. The optimized lattice parameters, bond angle and bond length of layered MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) increases in the order of MoS2 < MoSe2 < MoTe2 which are in good agreement with earlier reported results. The dynamic stability is confirmed by cohesive energy and phonon modes with positive frequency in phonon dispersion calculations. The observed frequency gap between high and low frequency optical mode depicts the utility of layered MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) in selective transmission of higher frequency range. The electronic band structure of layered MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) shows semiconducting character with degeneracy as per number of layers. However, the noticeable change in indirect band gap energy compared to direct band gap energy is observed from quadlayer to monolayer which shows interactions of d orbital in MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te). The polarizability of layered MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) increases with the increasing number of layers. The refractive index also increases with the number of layers and reaches up to 4.34, 4.11 at energy 2.45 eV, 2.05 eV, respectively in visible region and 4.12 at energy 1.45 eV in IR region of electromagnetic spectrum for MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2 quadlayer, respectively. The maximum reflectivity responses of 49%, 58% and 68% are obtained for MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2 quadlayer, respectively in the C band of UV region.