Districts Of Region Research Articles

Park City 2035: Analysis of Policy-Driven Urban Expansion and Heat Island Effects Under Scenario Simulation

Policy guidance plays a critical role in urban expansion and development patterns, and the scientific prediction of land use change trends and the assessment of the ecological benefits of future urban development are essential for effective policy-making. Different urban development policies not only shape the evolution of urban spatial patterns but also have a profound impact on the urban heat island effect (UHI) and cooling benefits. This study explores the impact of land use changes in Tianfu New District on the UHI and conducts multi-scenario simulations combined with different policy contexts. Focusing on Tianfu New District, four scenarios were selected: the Natural Development Scenario (ND), Economic Development Scenario (ED), Sustainable Development Scenario (SD), and Cropland Protection Scenario (CLP). To assess the impact of land use changes on the heat island effect, the study also used the InVEST urban cooling model (UCM) to evaluate the heat island mitigation effects under different scenarios. The results show that (1) the land use changes in Tianfu New District primarily went through three major stages: the natural ecological stage dominated by bare land, the rapid urbanization expansion stage, and the ecological restoration stage. (2) Under different scenarios, the land use changes differed significantly in their ability to mitigate the heat island effect. Both the Economic Development Scenario (ED) and Natural Development Scenario (ND) showed a weakening of cooling effects compared to the 2024 baseline, while the Sustainable Development Scenario (SD) and Cropland Protection Scenario (CLP) enhanced the region’s cooling capacity to some extent. Rational land use planning can promote economic development, and it can also play an important role in addressing climate change and mitigating the heat island effect. Future urbanization processes should pay more attention to integrating ecological protection and cooling strategies to ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals. This study provides scientific evidence for land use planning and policy-making in Tianfu New District and similar regions.

Complexes of the Migration period in the Alekseevka-51a kurgan cemetery (Omsk Irtysh region)

The article presents the Karym type complexes of the late 4th — 5th c. AD of the Lower Ob cultural and his-torical community (CHC), discovered in the Omsk Irtysh region near the Alekseevka village (Muromtsevo district of Omsk region). The Alekseevka-51a kurgan cemetery is located within the territory of the Alekseevka archaeo-logical microregion, in the south-eastern outskirts of the Tara-Tuy Plain, on the right bank of the Tara River. The burial ground belongs within the late medieval settlement of Alekseevka-51 discovered in 2004 by M.A. Korusenko. In 2009 and 2010, under the leadership of M.Yu. Zdor and Yu.V. Gerasimov, mounds 12, 13, and 14 with collective and single burials containing figure-stamped pottery of the Karym type, fragments of belt sets and decorations from the Mi-gration period were studied. This article provides their full publication, together with data from palaeoanthropological analysis. As a result, when describing burials and the interred ones, artifact assemblages and pottery, the authors dis-covered syncretic forest-steppe and taiga features in the burial ritual, as well as distant Eastern European and Trans-Ural similarities to the grave goods. The acquired data will further allow a more detailed determination of the distribution area of the Karym type sites of the Lower Ob CHC, clarification of the chronology, causes and consequences of the migration of taiga groups to the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Leveraging ML to predict climate change impact on rice crop disease in Eastern India.

Rice crop disease is critical in precision agriculture due to various influencing components and unstable environments. The current study uses machine learning (ML) models to predict rice crop disease in Eastern India based on biophysical factors for current and future scenarios. The nine biophysical parameters are precipitation (Pr), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), soil texture (ST), available water capacity (AWC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI), and normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) by Random forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Artificial Neural Net (ANN), and Support vector Machine (SVM). The multicollinearity test Boruta feature selection techniques that assessed interdependency and prioritized the factors impacting crop disease. However, climatic change scenarios were created using the most recent Climate Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 datasets. The rice crop disease validation was accomplished using 1105 field-based farmer observation recordings. According to the current findings, Purba Bardhaman district experienced a 96.72% spread of rice brown spot disease due to weather conditions. In contrast, rice blast diseases are prevalent in the north-western region of Birbhum district, affecting 72.38% of rice plants due to high temperatures, water deficits, and low soil moisture. Rice tungro disease affects 63.45% of the rice plants in Bankura district due to nitrogen and zinc deficiencies. It was discovered that the link between NDMI and NDVI is robust and positive, with values ranging from 0.8 to 1. According to SHAP analysis, Pr, Tmin, and Tmax are the top three climatic variables impacting all types of disease cases. The study's findings could have a substantial impact on precision crop protection and meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Managing intravenous potassium infusion: a quality improvement study on clinician's beliefs and practice.

Hypokalemia is a frequently occurring electrolyte disorder in hospital patients and is often treated with intravenous (IV) potassium replacement. In Australia, most hospital departments use IV potassium replacement therapies, which are known anecdotally to cause pain. To our knowledge, there have been no studies on Australian clinicians' practices in managing IV potassium replacement. To investigate the management of IV potassium infusions by clinical staff in a regional Local Health District in New South Wales, Australia. An interprofessional team of clinicians was formed and utilised the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. An online case-based survey was created to collect infusion management issues from clinicians' perspectives. The survey utilised a fictional case study with multiple-choice questions. It aimed to investigate clinicians' self-reported clinical practice behaviours when managing potassium infusions, which were analysed descriptively. Data from open-ended questions about managing potassium infusion pain were analysed using inductive content analysis. The study found that clinicians (n = 177) manage IV replacement, with two-thirds reporting multiple weekly instances. Clinicians observed that patients report pain during infusions. Factors such as potassium concentration (n = 130), patient anxiety (n = 118), peripheral administration (n = 109) and cannula sites in the lower arm (n = 102) were reported as pain risk factors. Clinicians reported using various strategies to manage infusion pain, including slowing the infusion, simple pain relievers, and topical applications. Severe potassium deficiency was a barrier to managing pain. Clinicians felt the management of pain to be challenging both clinically and ethically. Survey comments also suggest that IV potassium may be overused, presenting an opportunity for future improvement. The PDSA cycle structured the quality improvement initiative. This research explores how clinicians manage IV potassium infusions. Our findings uncover how frequently clinicians manage pain caused by IV potassium infusions, an area that is not well-documented. Further research is needed for pain management strategies.

Influence of weather parameters on the seasonal incidence of Lablab bean leafminer: Liriomyza spp. (Agromyzidae: Diptera)

This study explores the seasonal incidence, symptomatology and impact of leafminer (Liriomyza spp.) infestation on lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) crop in Tamil Nadu, providing valuable insights into the pests’ behaviour and the resulting crop damage. The objective was to assess infestation levels, damage and environmental factors affecting pest behaviour using surveys, correlation and regression analyses. Infestation levels varied significantly, ranging from 20 % to 84 %, with Salem and Erode experiencing lower levels and other districts showing higher infestations. The infestation was higher (84 %) in the Elavadai region of Dharmapuri district and lower (20 %) in the Thathampatti region of Salem district. The highest infestation levels were recorded in February, March and June 2023, with a noticeable decline observed in August and October. The larval mining caused extensive crop damage, significantly impairing photosynthetic efficiency and triggering premature leaf drop. A correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between infestation levels and temperature extremes, indicating that temperature plays a crucial role in pest dynamics. At the same time, relative humidity and rainfall had minimal influence on leafminer incidence. Further regression analysis demonstrated that weather factors accounted for 32.8 % of the variability in infestation levels. The results underscore the importance of understanding seasonal patterns in leafminer occurrence within lablab ecosystems. This knowledge is essential for devising effective integrated pest management strategies supported by field surveys, pest prediction models and molecular techniques. Farmers can effectively manage leafminer infestations and enhance lablab yields by adopting these methods while mitigating the challenges of the global climate.

Mapping the current and past state of forest stands for the southern taiga of East Siberia

Maps of forest stand condition—the current phase of the forest-forming process—will be useful for foresters in their forest management in addition to the forest planning and cartographic materials. The mapping methodology was applied in the test area of the Bolshemurtinsky forest district of the Krasnoyarsk region, which is typical for the southern taiga forests of East Siberia. Source data for mapping was obtained on the basis of descriptions of the forest subcompartments on the GIS attribute table of the forest district. Forest stand confinement to the terrain relief indicators was identified on the basis of the SRTM 55-01 digital terrain model data. Spatial analysis has been performed using the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst module. Mapping capability has been shown not only for the year of forest inventory but also for the earlier period of time. To determine the predominant species and the age of the 100-year-old forest stand, a scheme was proposed in which the conceivable options are typified depending on the succession trend, the forest stand age prior to disturbance, and the period of reforestation. Map fragments of the test area as of 2006—the year of forest inventory—and as of 1906—the year of the intensive colonization beginning in southern Siberia—are demonstrated. Maps of forest condition in the test area represent successions that are typical in the southern taiga forests of Siberia: post-harvest, pyrogenic, and biogenic. The methodology of forest condition mapping is universal.

Attitude of farm women towards agro processing in Raigad district of Konkan region of Maharashtra

Attitude of farm women towards agro processing in Raigad district of Konkan region of Maharashtra

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the Sidama people to treat human ailments in the Bensa district of Sidama region, Ethiopia

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the Sidama people to treat human ailments in the Bensa district of Sidama region, Ethiopia

Assessment of the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis in rural patients with comorbid bronchopulmonary pathology

The aim was to assess the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis development in patients with comorbid bronchopulmonary pathology living in rural areas.Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 268 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB); in 44 cases there was a combination of TB and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (BPD). The median population of Omsk district of Omsk region for 5 years was 78325 people (IQR 77 768 – 78 388), of which persons with BPD constituted 8.5% (median – 2191 cases, IQR 2143 – 3321). The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for disease risk assessment.Results. The risk of TB was significantly increased in individuals with BPD compared to the rest of the population (OR = 24.06, 95% CI 17.26-35.56, p < 0.001). Maximum risk of disease was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 53.86, 95% CI 36.67-9.11, p < 0.001); bronchial asthma increased the odds of developing TB to a lesser extent (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.47-5.24, p < 0.001). The leading additional factor according to the results of factor analysis was the presence of addictions (smoking, past or present substance use). TB contact in this category of patients was either not established or had been previously in penitentiary institution; TB detection occurred when patients sought medical care for reasons unrelated to respiratory pathology.

Prospects for the use of the aboveground biomass of southern cane (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud.) in feed production technologies

To increase the efficiency of feed production in Russian regions where there is a shortage of atmospheric soil moisture and unstable weather conditions, it is necessary to develop a set of measures to obtain highly nutritious feeds based on the rational use of local plant resources, which in specific soil and climatic conditions provide the highest output per unit area. From 2021 to 2023, the natural phytocenosis of the southern cane in the floodplain of the Volga River in the Trusovsky district of the Astrakhan region was studied: morphobiological features in different phases of development; dynamics of accumulation of raw and dry aboveground biomass; yield, feed value and protein productivity of dry aboveground biomass in the phase of its maximum accumulation. It was found that in an arid climate (HTC – 0.45-0.46) due to the use of groundwater, the yield of raw and dry aboveground biomass of the southern cane reached: in the «shooting» phase – 19.0 and 5.1 t/ha, in the «earing» phase – 22.8 and 7.2 t/ha, in the «full ripeness» phase – 38.4 and 8.2 t/ha, respectively. The collection of feed units by growth and development phases amounted to 2.24; 3.39; 3.61 t/ha, protein content – 4.5; 10.0; 11.0 %, protein harvest – 0.20; 0.77; 0.91 t/ha, crude fiber content – 13.6; 30.1; 36.0 %, crude fiber harvest – 0.69; 2.32; 2.95 t/ha, respectively. Southern cane in the full ripeness phase contains a complete set of proteinogenic amino acids, while the proportion of essential amino acids exceeds the proportion of non-essential amino acids by 1.32 times, which is atypical for cereals. The significant content of critical amino acids (10.6 %) makes it a promising protein source comparable to legumes. It has been revealed that in terms of yield, feed value and protein productivity, southern cane (raw and dry aboveground biomass) is of undoubted interest as a fodder crop and should be involved in domestic feed production technologies in order to create a solid feed base.

Агроэкологическая оценка применения регулятора роста при возделывании ярового рапса и подсолнечника в южной части Нечерноземной зоны

The article presents the results of comprehensive studies and scientifically substantiated, experimentally confirmed the use of the Larixifol growth regulator, VE, optimization of the pro-duction process, the formation of yield of spring rapeseed and sunflower, taking into account the agroclimatic conditions of the Korablinsky district of the Ryazan region. The maximum increase in the yield of green rapeseed mass was obtained using a growth regulator in a dosage of 150 ml/ha and amounted to 29.1 c/ha (+ 11.6%). The maximum increase in rapeseed yield was ob-tained at a dosage of 150 ml/ha - 4.7 c/ha (18.1%). The research results showed that in order to improve the sowing qualities of seeds, as well as to increase the yield of spring rapeseed and sun-flower in the Ryazan region, it is recommended to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds and plants by vegetation with the growth regulator Larixifol, VE. Keywords: SPRING RAPESEED, SUNFLOWER, GROWTH REGULATOR, YIELD, SEED TREAT-MENT, QUALITY

How do vulnerable people adapt to the impact of sedimentation in the haor wetlands of North-Eastern Bangladesh?

Abstract The frequency and geographic extent of floods in Bangladesh have increased over the past few decades, and sedimentation has gradually raised the beds of wetland water bodies. The present study examined how households (HH) cope with, and adapt to, the adverse effects of sedimentation in the haor wetlands under extreme weather conditions. Lubar and Pochashul haors (hereafter referred to as “LPHs”), in the Sunamganj District region and most affected by sedimentation, are the primary focus of this study. Questionnaire surveys from 180 HH respondents, transect walks, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted to gather data on adaptation strategies for counteracting wetland sedimentation. Descriptive statistics and qualitative data reveal that the residents of Bangladesh’s haor wetlands face difficulties due to flash floods and sedimentation. The study shows that residents borrow money and food, sell their possessions and use other assistance-based resilience strategies. Food-based strategies, such as limiting the quantity and quality of meals, are commonly employed by these HHs in the short term. However, some long-term strategies followed by the residents are not viable, such as changing professions or increasing the use of pesticides in agriculture. The study also finds inventive and constructive ways of making improvements based on traditional knowledge and modifying the agricultural practices used by local people to combat sedimentation. In the event of flooding and sedimentation, our study reveals that wetland inhabitants may use counter-productive survival strategies based on outside innovation and their traditional knowledge, rather than destructive strategies such as reducing food consumption, changing jobs and reducing the sale of resources.

Study of Public Awareness of Influenza Immunoprophylaxis

Influenza is a serious disease that can provoke exacerbation of chronic diseases and cause life-threatening complications, including pneumonia, bronchitis and, in some cases, inflammation of the brain. The most susceptible to these serious complications are individuals who are in high-risk groups, namely: the elderly persons – over 65 years old, pregnant women, children, and individuals with chronic diseases. The objectives: to analyze the coverage of influenza vaccination of risk groups in Ukraine and the population’s awareness of specific disease prevention. Materials and methods. The study of the population awareness level of specific influenza prevention, and its influence factors was conducted among the population in Shyshatsky united territorial community in the Myrhorod district of the Poltava region by surveying 100 respondents aged 18 to 76 years (average age - 38.40 ± 1.38 years). Among the respondents there were 26 men and 74 women. The survey was conducted in September-October 2023, before the start of the 2023/2024 influenza and acute respiratory viral infection epidemic season, by filling out Google Forms, which were distributed via mobile devices and social networks Facebook and Telegram. The statistical analysis of the data was carried out using mathematical statistics methods – Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and the Statistica 17.0 program (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. During the epidemic seasons from 2017/2018 to 2022/2023 the level of influenza vaccination coverage was low, about 0.5% of the population of Ukraine in general and 0.9–1.6% of people from medical and epidemic risk groups were vaccinated. The survey results revealed insufficient awareness of the population of the Shyshak territorial community regarding specific influenza prevention. A quarter (22.0%) of respondents had a “negative” attitude towards vaccination, 54.0% of persons had a misconception about its main purpose, only 38.0% of individuals considered it the most effective method of preventing complications, and 32.0% of persons planned to get vaccinated before the epidemic season. Among people over 60 years old, 62.5% had never been vaccinated. At the same time, 25.0% of people considered vaccination the most effective way to prevent the disease. The majority (71.4%) of respondents aged 18–24 years were undecided about their attitude towards influenza vaccination, and only 35.0% of respondents discussed the influenza vaccination with their family doctor. Conclusions. The level of influenza vaccination coverage of the population of Ukraine in general and risk groups in particular during the epidemic seasons from 2017/2018 to 2022/2023 was low. It was established that the population of the Shyshak territorial community is not sufficiently aware of specific influenza prevention issues, which indicates the need to improve the quality of sanitary and educational work and train qualified personnel for this among medical specialists. Providing the vaccine at the state expense would allow 37.0% of respondents to change their decision in favor of vaccination.

The impact of changes in agro-climatic resources on pea yield in the new climatic period of 1991–2020 in the Kirov region

The study is devoted to assessing the current state of agro-climatic resources and their impact on pea yield in Falenki district of the Kirov region. We used data from the Falenki Meteorological Station for 1991–2020. (in comparison with the base period of 1961–1990) and the results of the competitive variety testing of 7 cultivars of peas at the Falenki Breeding Station, a branch of the for 2011–2020. In the period of 1991–2020, a steady increase in air temperature was detected at a rate of 0.44 °C/10 years, while moisture availability remained at the same level. The pea cultivars ‘Krasnoufimsky 93’, ‘Ryabchik’, ‘Severyanin’, ‘Falensky usatii’, ‘Vita’, ‘Falensky Yubileyny’, ‘Vyatich’, which were the objects of the study, were distinguished by a wide yield dispersion and high coefficients of its variation (36.3–55.0 %). As a result of clustering, the cultivars were divided into three groups according to the yield, one of which was a single feed cultivar ‘Vyatich’, the other was a pair of valuable and related cultivars ‘Falensky Usatii’ and ‘Falensky Jubilee’, the third united all other cultivars. Correlation analysis indicated an average negative relationship between yield and air temperature in summer (-0.402...-0.560) and a positive effect of precipitation and increased humidification (0.455...0.669). Significant regression dependences of crop yields on air temperature in July were obtained, which determined 39.4–54.0 % of the productivity variance. According to the results of a two-factor analysis of variance, both weather conditions (76.1 %) and varietal characteristics (6.3 %) had a significant impact on pea yields.

Incidence, Severity, and Distribution of Cassava Bacteria Blight Disease in Sierra Leone

Cassava Bacterial Blight Disease (CBBD) is a major constraint in cassava production, initially manifesting on the lower leaves as scattered, cigar-shaped, water-soaked lesions. This study aimed to evaluate cassava bacterial blight disease in Sierra Leone. A field trial was conducted at the School of Agriculture and Food Sciences research site to evaluate disease susceptibility of various cassava genotypes and identify elite genotypes for population improvement. The experiment followed an augmented randomized complete block design (ARCBD). Additionally, a farmer field survey was carried out across all districts to assess the distribution and prevalence of CBBD. The cassava genotypes were classified into three categories: resistant (17.6%), susceptible (80.9%), and mildly susceptible (1.5%). Resistant genotypes, such as TME419, SLE0201, and SLE0087, exhibited no disease progression (rAUDPC = 0.0, SSV = 0.0), while susceptible genotypes, including SLICASS 4 and SLE0109, demonstrated rAUDPC values between 1100 and 2999. Genotype SLE0092 was the most severely affected, displaying the highest disease incidence (50%) and severity (3.1) nine weeks post-planting. The highest root weight (14.2 kg) was recorded for genotype SLE0185, while most genotypes showed moderate yields. A survey of 276 cassava fields across Sierra Leone revealed a widespread occurrence of CBBD, with a national mean incidence of 60.4%, which was notably higher in the Eastern region (69.2%) and Kambia District (78.6%). These findings emphasize the urgent need for the widespread cultivation of CBBD-resistant genotypes.

Risk factors associated with urogenital schistosomiasis: a multilevel assessment approach using an Oversampling Schistosomiasis Survey (SOS) community-based, Plateaux region, Togo 2022

BackgroundUrogenital schistosomiasis is endemic in Togo. Since 2010, Togo has used preventive chemotherapy to control the disease and periodically assess its impact. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of...

Investigation of the trends and variability in rainfall pattern in the Upper Kumaon Himalayan region

Variation in rainfall patterns has profound impacts on fragile ecosystems and people’s lives. The Upper Kumaon area is highly sensitive to current climatic variation. This study attempted to identify yearly, seasonal, and monthly rainfall trends in four districts of the Upper Kumaon Region (UKR), i.e., Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, and Pithoragarh, for a period of 68 years (1950–2018). Long-term gridded daily rainfall data were used for parametric regression analysis and variability analysis to examine historical trends. The analysis showed a continuous decrease in annual precipitation across all districts, with the most significant decrease seen at Bageshwar (−3.88 mm/year). Seasonal trends showed significant decreases in monsoon rainfall, especially in Almora (−3.28 mm/year), whereas spatial variability analysis depicted increasing variability in recent times. Lower-altitude districts (i.e., Champawat) exhibit higher variability compared to high-altitude districts such as Pithoragarh. Therefore, the findings of this study emphasize the need to implement policies to address the increasing variability in rainfall and its effects on agricultural practices, water resource management, and disaster preparedness in this sensitive environment.

Optimizing the placement of municipal solid waste collection and processing facilities (using the example of Balashovsky district of the Saratov region)

Optimizing the placement of municipal solid waste collection and processing facilities (using the example of Balashovsky district of the Saratov region)

A Preliminary List of Butterflies (Rhophalocera) from Tala, Raigad, Maharashtra, India

The aim of this study was to evaluate butterfly diversity in the Tala region of Raigad district, Maharashtra. The study recorded 41 butterfly species from 29 genera across 5 families. The Nymphalidae family was the most abundant, with 14 genera and 21 species, followed by Pieridae with 7 genera and 9 species, Satyridae with 5 genera and 7 species, Papilionidae with 2 genera and 3 species, and Hesperiidae with 1 genus and 1 species. The results provide important information about the butterfly biodiversity in the area and serve as foundational data for future studies on butterfly populations.

Identifying Efficient Marketing Channels for BT Cotton: The Case of Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat, India

The marketing of Bt cotton is a critical component of the agricultural value chain, especially in regions like Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat. This study was conducted to estimate the marketing costs, margins, and price spread through different marketing channels of Bt cotton in the Devbhumi Dwarka district of the west Gujarat region. Total 120 number of Bt cotton farmers and market functionaries were randomly selected and interviewed for collecting information by using the designed schedule. Two major marketing channels were identified for Bt cotton: Channel-I (Producer → Cotton Corporation of India (CCI)) and Channel-II (Producer → Commission Agent → Ginner → Consumer). In Devbhumi Dwarka district, producers could secure approximately 86.44% of the consumer’s rupee in Channel-I and 82.64% in Channel-II. Consequently, Channel-I was found to be more efficient compared to other channels.