Egyptian Government Research Articles

Environmental Degradation, Socio-economic Disparity, and Western Economic Interests in Egypt

Egypt not only suffers from a history of colonial exploitative practices, but also lives in a present that is shaped by new forms of oppression. One clear indication of this fact is the clash between economic interests and environmental concerns. The pattern of Western investments into Egyptian industry and the Egyptian government’s deal-making with the Western stakeholders shows utilization of the region for profit-making without sufficient resource contribution that could offset the damage to the natural environment. Focusing on Egypt, this study contributes to understanding the larger pattern of injustice in the Global South, perpetuated by the Global North.

Mapping Egyptian Translations of Israeli Literatures: Evolution, Attitudes, and Themes

This study delves into the intricate realm of Egyptian translations of Hebrew and Israeli literatures, illuminating the various attitudes of the Egyptian government, intellectual elite, and educated populace toward cultural normalization with Israel. Analyzing a corpus of over a hundred translations spanning different genres, this research outlines turning points in the evolution of translation practices from the establishment of Israel to the present day. The study unveils a complex interplay between politics, culture, and public sentiment, illustrating how translations serve various roles, ranging from instrumental polemic tools in the Israeli–Arab conflict to avenues for cultural openness and familiarity. While the prevailing norm involves refraining from publicly endorsing normalization with Israel, government policy reflects a nuanced approach that balances anti-normalization sentiments at the official level with private sector flexibility. By exploring the selection criteria governing translation, the research provides valuable insights into the preferences of the Egyptian reading public and its perceptions of Israel, peace, and intercultural exchange.

Dr Bonté Elgood (1874-1960): First woman doctor in Egypt and pioneer of maternal and child care.

Bonté Elgood, née Amos, was one of the early women doctors who qualified from the progressive London School of Medicine for Women, established in 1874. She chose to practice in Egypt which was then under British administration. When she arrived in 1900, Egyptian medical provision for mothers and children was rudimentary where it existed at all. For over 50 years, Bonté Elgood played an important role in setting up maternity care and child health services, first in Cairo and later in the whole country. For her work, she was awarded the OBE and CBE by the British government, and she also received decorations from the French and Egyptian governments.

Strategic Management of Egyptian-African Geothermal Power Plant Project 60-MW Associated with Sustainable Development in Kenya

Abstract This paper presents the role of Egyptian government for satisfying sustainable development in African countries. However, Egypt has no geothermal power plant although there are many locations in eastern region of Egypt have sufficient quantity of geothermal energy resources. When the highest temperature of geothermal energy resources in Egypt is 51 °C, then it needs auxiliary heating system to produce electricity. So, Egyptian government uses geothermal energy resources as direct use in central heating system for agricultural applications or in physical therapy for encourage tourism sector in Egypt. Development of the African natural resources is considered the most important strategy of Egyptian Government and sharing African countries to obtain sustainability. Kenya is considered the unique country in Africa which utilizes geothermal energy resources for producing electricity. Geothermal Development Company GDC, Nairobi, Kenya produces 985 MW of electricity depending on geothermal energy resources in Kenya and this make Kenya in rank of sixth greatest country in the world utilizes geothermal energy resources for producing electricity after United States, Indonesia, Philippines, Turkey and New Zealand, respectively.

Strategic partnership between the United States and Egypt: A Historical Overview

This article examines the strategic partnership between the United States and Egypt, highlighting the historical significance and dynamics that have shaped this partnership since the 1970s. Egypt's strategic location and control of the Suez Canal contribute to its significant role in world trade and military strategies. Since the Cold War, U.S.-Egyptian relations have been characterized by military cooperation and significant economic assistance, despite occasional conflicts over human rights and democratization. While promoting democracy and protecting human rights worldwide, the United States has simultaneously supported authoritarian regimes in Egypt and the Middle East. Analyzing U.S. foreign policy towards Egypt, this study reveals a dichotomy between promotion of democratic values and security interests. This study highlights the benefits that the United States receives from this long-standing partnership as well as the implications for regional stability. Focusing on the intersection of U.S. values and security interests, this paper provides a balanced understanding of the long-term alliance and its impact on regional stability and international perceptions. This study uses historical analysis method to understand the nature and dynamics of the strategic relationship of the United States and Egypt.

Beneath the surface: discovering the fascinating factors shaping blue economy investment behaviour and paving the way for sustainable performance: an empirical study of the marine shipping firms in Egypt

ABSTRACT The blue economy investment behaviour has become highly important in the past decades as it relies on making positive investment decisions which lead to the development and growth of sustainability of every country. This paper contributes to the literature through the investigation of the drivers affecting blue economy investments, and the overall impact on the sustainability of the supply chain performance of marine shipping firms in Egypt. Egypt has a strategic geographic location with long coastlines along the Red, Mediterranean and Gulf of Aqaba seas, in addition to around 50 marine ports to which logistics firms have access to. Relying on the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) theory and Appiah et al. (2023) model, this paper finds positive impacts of five factors – technological, organisational, environmental, cost spending and supply chain management on blue economy investment decisions in Egypt; however, it finds an insignificant impact of the regulatory factors on stimulating substantial investment. In addition, this paper finds an overall positive impact of blue economy investments on the sustainability of the supply chains of the Egyptian marine shipping firms. This paper suggests actions to be implemented by the Egyptian government to entirely switch to a blue economy to support the sustainability of its blue waters.

Impact evaluation of development plans in the Egyptian harbors on morphological changes using numerical simulation (case study: Damietta harbor, northeastern coast of Egypt)

The Egyptian government is grappling with the challenge of sedimentation in Damietta Harbor (DH), leading to expensive and recurring dredging operations for safe vessel navigation. This research examined the changes in the region's coastline, both before and after the port was established between 1977 and 1995. The impact of the government's policy to halt backfilling in the navigation lane on adjacent beaches until 2023 was also assessed using remote sensing (RS) and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) program, revealing varying yearly accretion and erosion rates. Following a shoreline movement tracking procedure, in the period from 1985 to 2023, the total areas undergoing erosion and accretion amounted to −1.36 km2 and +2.21 km2, respectively.To address the issue, the research team developed scenarios reflecting regional realities and conducted a numerical simulation using the Coastal Modeling System (CMS). Morphological alterations in the approach channel and pre- and post-port regions were monitored to assess the scenarios. The study also explored how deepening the navigation channel affected the annual sediment volume. Results showed that Scenario 5, involving breakwaters extension and the new western breakwater (NWBW), effectively controlled sediment. However, sedimentation increased with the deepening of the navigation channel. Scenario 7, with a 19 m deepening, exhibited slightly higher sediment volume by 21.75% but stood out for its capacity to handle large vessels. Additionally, the sedimentation in the navigation channel experienced a notable 72.1% decrease in Scenario 8, which portrays the anticipated final state of DH compared to the benchmark case.The study noted morphological changes from planned coastal constructions on the eastern side, including detached breakwaters (DBW) and Y-groins (Y-gs). Despite significant development costs, these structures were deemed insufficient to stabilize the shoreline. In summary, the research highlights the complexity of addressing sedimentation in DH, emphasizing the need for nuanced approaches in coastal management, and considering the consequences of deepening navigation channels.

Assessing the Impact of Financial Technology (Fintech) on Financial Inclusion in Egypt: An Applied Study

Financial technology (Fintech) has emerged as a transformative force in the global financial landscape, offering innovative solutions to longstanding challenges. This study delves into the Egyptian context to assess the profound impact of fintech on financial inclusion—a crucial factor for economic development and social equity. Through empirical analysis, this research endeavors to unveil the multifaceted ways in which fintech is reshaping the financial landscape in Egypt, particularly regarding expanding access to financial services for underserved and unbanked populations. The data was collected from financial statements of banks over the period of 2018 – 2022, with keywords identified in annual reports to create dummy variables for analysis and analyzing it by STATA through logistic regression to determine whether there is a significant impact or not. The results reveal that the research supports the hypothesis that fintech has a significant effect on financial inclusion, as well as on reliability, availability, accessibility, and efficiency of electronic government services. Thus, this study contributes valuable insights for the Egyptian government to develop electronic payment systems and regulations that maximize the availability, accessibility, efficiency, and responsiveness of electronic government services, ultimately improving the lives of the nation’s residents. Keywords: Fintech, E-payment bills, Modes of payment, E-government system, Financial Inclusion

Unlocking Potential: Navigating CLT for Adolescent English Learners in Egyptian Public Schools

This study critically analyzes the intricate relationship between age and Second Language Acquisition (SLA), particularly within the framework of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings. Recent research challenges conventional views on the optimal age for language acquisition, highlighting the diverse factors influencing learning across different life stages. Insights from contemporary studies offer a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted aspects shaping language acquisition, prompting a reevaluation of age-related concepts in SLA. Utilizing a mixed-method approach integrating literature review and personal reflection through autoethnography, the study investigates the complex dynamics between age and SLA within CLT frameworks in Egyptian government schools. It aims to offer valuable insights and implications for instructional practices tailored to adolescent English language learners in this context, including an examination of specific challenges and opportunities within the Egyptian secondary school EFL setting. The review concludes by exploring new perspectives on the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) and its implications for instructional practices in CLT-based environments for adolescent English language learners in Egyptian government schools.

Egyptian Expatriates’ Engagement: Analysis of the Role of the State (2015-2023)

The question of expatriate engagement has been gaining momentous importance on the agenda of the Egyptian state since 2014. In an attempt to design a national strategy in engaging with its expatriates, the Egyptian government has been keen on developing certain policies and initiatives, starting with the re-establishment of the Egyptian Ministry of Emigration (Samra, 2018). This has been followed by several initiatives that aimed at providing public services to the expatriates, fostering their investment rates, and consolidating their national identity and sense of belonging (Samra, 2018). Hence, it would be interesting to further analyse the national policies and initiatives for expatriate engagement while addressing the following research question: “In light of A. Gamlen’s typology of diaspora engagement policies, to what extent can the Egyptian emigrants’ engagement policies and initiatives be considered comprehensive?”. This paper argues that due to the increasing potential value that the expatriates represent to their homeland in terms of financial and human capital, and based on Gamlen’s typology of diaspora engagement policy, the Egyptian public approach to expatriate engagement can be considered comprehensive as it encompasses efforts for institution-building, and symbolic nation-building. It also directs attention to political integration, and social services while attempting to enhance the remittances’ rates and expatriates’ knowledge transfers through offering different sets of incentives. To address the research question and prove the argument, the paper is divided into six sections which include a thorough conceptual framework, an analysis of the value that the Egyptian emigrants represent to their homeland, and an examination of the mounting political will and interest in engaging the Egyptian expatriates. Based on this political will, the paper analyses the policies of capacity-building, and the initiatives that aim at extending rights and extracting obligations in terms of remittances, investments, and knowledge transfer. Keywords: Egyptian expatriates, Gamlen’s typology, Institution-building, symbolic nation-building, extension of rights, extraction of obligations, remittances, knowledge transfer.

The pattern of neurological disorders requiring hospitalization during the COVID-19 era: an experience from Fayoum University Hospital, Egypt

BackgroundCoronavirus was primarily discovered in December 2019, causing pneumonia and severe acute respiratory syndrome. It was reported several neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19. Both the central and peripheral nervous systems could be affected which might result in a higher mortality rate in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of neurological clinical presentations among patients admitted to Fayoum University Hospital before, during, and after the COVID-19 era and to examine the influence of COVID-19 vaccines mandated by the Egyptian government on neurological disorders.MethodsThis is a historical cohort study that was conducted on patients admitted to the Neurology Department at Fayoum University Hospital before, during, and after COVID-19 outbreaks from January 1st, 2018, to July 31, 2022. All participants had undergone thorough history taking and neurological examination and the necessary investigations according to the suspected diagnosis. All hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic were positive for the virus, as determined by either a positive rapid antigen test or a positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsIt was shown that the patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 era were notably older, smokers, and diabetic in comparison to other groups. Cerebrovascular disorders were more prevalent in the COVID-19 pandemic. Surprisingly, compared to prior times, individuals with autoimmune-mediated neurological diseases had higher hospitalization rates than those with other neurological disorders. Patients who were not vaccinated reported more vascular complications than those who got them. However, patients who received vaccination exhibited significantly higher neurological complications as regards, exacerbation of paroxysmal disorders.ConclusionIt was concluded that the frequency of hospitalizations with cerebrovascular disorders and autoimmune-mediated illnesses was significantly influenced during the pandemic era. Although COVID-19 vaccinations have potential adverse effects, they have played a crucial role in preventing serious neurological problems.

Development of a Mechanical System to Produce Animal Feed from Rice Straw

Rice straw stands out as the primary agricultural residue posing significant challenges for both farmers and the Egyptian government. Its volume accounts for approximately 18% of the total annual waste generated. Livestock farmers typically harvest the straw and feed it to their animals. However, the process of manually mixing molasses, urea, and salts with the straw often leads to inconsistent blending and uneven distribution of the mixture. This inconsistency poses a considerable risk to the health of the animals, potentially resulting in fatalities. Thus, a mechanical system for producing animal feed (rice straw cutting mixed with additives of urea, minerals and molasses) was developed. This system consists of a chopping unit, mixing unit, and pumping & distribution unit. Measurements included the uniformity of the cut rice straw pieces within the preferred size, the uniformity of the dissolved additives mixture and the uniformity of the additives distribution on cut rice straw. Crude protein and urea percentages were measured in the final product. The results showed a maximum production rate of 0.6 ton h-1 the suitability of the developed system for mixing the additives with the cut rice straw. The suitability of the developed system was determined through the uniformity of the distribution of the additives on the cut rice straw. The results showed that the optimum content of crude protein of 6.2% was found at urea content of 5% and a mixing unit shaft speed of 300 rpm and 5 min mixing time. Also, the developed system achieved a rate of return of 19% and a payback period of about two years.

The emergence of the “information have-less” class of labor in the information age and its presence in Egypt

PurposeAt the beginning of the 21st century, a new class of information workers, the “information have-less” has risen. This class of workers alleviates the influence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) revolution on poverty and unemployment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of this class of workers in Egypt and assess the size and potential growth of this category of workers.Design/methodology/approachThe study clarifies the conceptual framework of the new division of labor, in the information age. The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and Information and Decision Support Center websites provided secondary data for this study. These data are used to assess the size of “the information have less” in Egypt.FindingsThe division of work and class, in the 21st century, depends on the level of skills possessed to work with ICTs. So, class and labor nowadays could be divided into self-programmable labor (Innovators). Information have-less labor class, adding value to the economy by learning skills and presenting repetitive work. Generic labor class, who cannot work with ICTs, and work in jobs, that do not need computers or other ICTs. The study has shown that the “information have-less” labor class is present in Egypt since the beginning of the 21st century, in all its categories; entrepreneurism, the service sector and the manufacturing sector. There are approximately 50% of this labor class in the service sector and only 13% of the information have-less works in manufacturing sector despite the great opportunities that Egypt has to expand manufacturing to absorb more employment. The inclusion of information technology (IT), in all domains, has not decreased employment in Western countries but has reallocated information have-less employment toward the service sector, and there would probably be the same effect in Egypt.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the need for Egyptian policymakers to encourage the manufacturing and service sectors to provide huge working opportunities. The Egyptian government has to change the educational policies, at all stages, to include digital learning skills so IT can be incorporated in a wide range of economic activities. Further research includes: conducting a survey to measure the contribution of the entrepreneurial part of the information have-less employment in Egypt. In addition, a model may be developed, by the researcher to examine the reallocation of employees in Egypt.Originality/valueStudying employment, in Egypt, using the conceptual framework of the information age is rarely being done.

‘Following the Straight Path’: Egypt Political Regime’s Quest for Political Legitimacy

The study aims to investigate the sources of the Egyptian regime’s legitimacy after the removal of Mohammed Morsi from office in 2013. The ruling elite, in particular President alSisi, has recently shown a growing inclination towards adopting Islam in the political discourse. As a result, there is a need to examine the factors that have contributed to this trend. The central hypothesis of the research is that the government, lacking institutional legitimacy, is compelled to reinforce the Islamic values in political communication to overcome internal political divisions and establish a sense of social connection between the authorities and citizens. To test this hypothesis, the study employs a qualitative content analysis of speeches made by President alSisi to the nation between 2014 and 2023. The analysis identifies four techniques for legitimation (mobilization, national identity consolidation, construction of a common past, and construction of a common future) and examines the functional role of Islam in each of them. The findings of the study suggest that Islamic norms and values are most actively appealed to in segments of texts devoted to national identity consolidation and constructing a common future. Both approaches involve a similar strategy of invoking Islam by associating and transferring attributes within pairs of words (religious context - secular context): nation - the Ummah; state - Islamic world; citizen - a Muslim. By using this rhetorical strategy, the government is shaping a narrative that places the contemporary Egyptian state within a religious and historical framework, as depicted in the Qur’an. This approach is aimed at establishing a set of values that can unite the nation and foster loyalty among citizens towards the government’s vision for Egypt’s future. However, there are almost no semantic sections dedicated to mobilizing citizens in the texts. This can be attributed to a pragmatic effort to steer clear of politicizing the electorate.

Employee engagement in voice at times of crisis: COVID-19 pandemic as an example

Purpose: During crises and unpredictable events, organizational leadership faces time constraints for making decisions. Decisions are, therefore, often centralized. However, such centralized decision-making processes frequently deprive the organizations of vital inputs coming from the employees, who are usually closer to the problems and the customers. Therefore, this paper aims how employees engage in voice during a crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic that forced various organizations to resort to remote work without prior planning. Methodology: To explore how employees engage in voice during a crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic, the study relied on qualitative analysis and used three focus groups with 15 participants working at a German international organization operating in Egypt as a bilateral development partner with the Egyptian government. The responses were later subject to content analysis. Findings: Unexpectedly, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the employees to work remotely. Due to the availability of certain antecedents, the employees engaged in a promotive voice that was primarily informal, expressed individually and collectively, directed to managers and peers, and frequent at the onset of the pandemic but diminishing later on. Originality: The study offers in-depth insights into how a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic changes the nature of work, the different antecedents that encourage the employees to engage in voice in times of crisis, and the nature of this voice during the crisis.

On some Features of Funerary Assemblage of the Egyptian Priestess Nesmut

The subject of this paper is the analysis of funerary assemblage of Nesmut, the Egyptian priestess of the 21st Dynasty (her titles are “Mistress of the House, Chantress of Amun, king of the gods”). The burial of Nesmut was discovered in 1891 in the so-called “Second Cache” at Deir al-Bahri, also known as Bāb el-Gusūs (set no. A.48). Inventory that was discovered on the mummy: leather mummy braces, three “napkins”, linen gloves, shale heart scarab, and wax images of the sons of Horus. Inventory that was found near or inside of the coffin: two shabti-boxes, shabtis. Nesmut’s mummy cover is located in the Museum of Antiquities in Cairo (Cairo CG 6007). Her coffin is currently stored in the Odesa Archaeological Museum (OAM) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (inv. no. 71695). It was part of the so-called Lot VI presented to Russian Empire by Egyptian government in 1893. In 1895, the coffin of Nesmut was sent from Odesa to the Archaeological Museum of St. Volodymyr Kyiv University. In 1959 the coffin of Nesmut was among other objects that were transferred from the State Republican Historical Museum in Kyiv to the OAM. The lid of the coffin with inv. no. OAM 71695 differs in design style from the trunk and has an earlier dating. Structurally, the lid has retained traces of technological processing and fitting the trunk of the later coffin of its namesake. Accordingly, there were two Nesmuts, whose funerary objects were discovered in Bāb el-Gusūs. The burial of Nesmut (II) corresponds to the set no. A.48 by Daressy and it is linked with the coffin trunk no. OAM 71695. Separate objects from Nesmut’s (I) grave goods were adapted for later burials: the lid of her inner coffin was used for the Odesa coffin of Nesmut (II), and the lid of the outer coffin might have been adapted for an anonymous burial from Bāb el-Gusūs set no. A.54 (Swiss lot IX, Neuchâtel, Musée d’Ethnographie, inv. no. Eg. 184) on which the name “Nesmut” preserved in one segment of the lid. The burial of Nesmut was also equipped with two different types of shabtis. It is possible that like the lid of the coffin, part of the shabtis was “usurped” by Nesmut (II) and previously belonged to the burial of her namesake and probably relative, Nesmut (I). It is quite probable, that they were reused and adopted for the burial of new owner together with the shabti-box, since the two of them were found in the set no. A.48. This may prove that during the 21st Dynasty, not only large objects, but also small items of grave goods could be reused.

Optimizing safe evacuation using pathfinder: emergency strategies in high-rise and super high-rise complex buildings in the new administrative capital

ABSTRACT Recently, the Egyptian government has sought to create new urban spots. The New Administrative Capital was one of those new urban extensions. Architects and urban designers tended to vertical expansion in planning this city as a result of the high cost of the land. Accordingly, high-rise and super-high-rise buildings have been relied upon in the architectural design of the buildings. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of safe occupants’ evacuation in case of fire for two high-rise and one super high-rise complex buildings based on a set of variables. Staircase design, the use of elevators, and the provision of refuge areas were evaluated, through simulating seven scenarios using Pathfinder software. The simulation results comprised an assessment of average stairs traffic jams, the occupant load density on emergency stairs, and the required safe evacuation time (RSET) for each scenario. It was concluded from the study that staircase design has a significant impact on (RSET) time. As well as, evacuation using elevators or relaying on refuge areas as auxiliary means with the emergency stairs may be safer for these types of buildings. Finally, the study provided technical requirements for using refuge areas and elevators in emergency evacuation in high-rise and super high-rise buildings.

Shariʿa and Governance in Ottoman Egypt: The Waqf Controversy in the Mid-Sixteenth Century

AbstractIn the mid-16th century, the Ottoman government sought to expand its tax revenue from Egypt through a controversial initiative to levy taxes on endowments (waqf). The controversy produced a diverse range of responses from Ottoman scholar-bureaucrats, such as Ebussuud Efendi, who supported the initiative; Egyptian scholars, including Ibn Nujaym and al-Ghayti, who opposed it; and the Ottoman governor, who worked to resolve it. Despite the opposing positions of the diverse actors, shariʿa served as the common medium for the articulation and negotiation of their opinions and helped produce a compromise that became foundational for the Ottoman tax regime in Egypt. In this episode, shariʿa constituted an instrument of governance. Such a role for shariʿa differs from its conception as an autonomous field of scholarly interpretation, or the understanding of it as an inclusive normative system encompassing rules emerging from both the interpretative activities of scholars and the definitive edicts and orders of rulers. Shariʿa did not constitute the endpoint of rulemaking; rather, it provided the shared language of terms and concepts through which different actors participated in the process of formulating rules.

Challenges Facing Private Solar Energy Firms in Egypt: A Microeconomic Perspective

The need for the use of renewable energy sources in general and solar energy in particular is immensely increasing over time. It is true that our planet’s future relies to a great extent on the speed of shifting to renewables instead of the use of fossil fuels for energy supply. Accordingly, the Egyptian government has put sustainable development as a priority in its 2030 vision. But to achieve sustainability, various obstacles that impede this process should be carefully identified and addressed. For that, this research work is studying various challenges and barriers that face private solar energy suppliers in Egypt. This is conducted by using an exploratory approach that relies on detailed interviews with private solar energy firms. Results highlight that private solar energy firms are challenged by trade barriers, market barriers, organisational barriers from New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA), macroeconomic barriers and legal barriers. Furthermore, this study provides policy solutions to partially address the identified barriers and to further speed up the transition to solar energy production and usage. 
 Keywords: Solar energy market, Egypt, Barriers and challenges, Semi structured interviews, renewables.
 JEL: O1, Q2, Q4

Near surface assessment of New capital city using geophysical techniques

ABSTRACT The Egyptian government announced the creation of a brand new capital city to address Cairo’s rapid population expansion and improve the quality of life for citizens, which is thought to have a strong demand for housing. In this study, we focused on the application of geophysical techniques, specifically Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Method (VLF-EM), to investigate the shallow subsurface in the New Capital city in Egypt. The study area is located in the eastern part of Cairo and is characterised by Oligocene and Miocene rocks. The ERT profiles reveal four geoelectrical layers based on resistivity values, with the first layer (Resistivity >300 Ω.m) interpreted as sand and conglomerate on the surface or basalt below. The second layer (100–300 Ω.m) is identified as sandstone, while the third layer (15–100 Ω.m) is interpreted as humid sandstone. The fourth layer (1–15 Ω.m) is characterised as shale. The abrupt changes in resistivity values horizontally indicate the probability of subsurface structures, including faults. The VLF-EM method is used to identify faults and cracks in the earth’s crust. The results provide information on the size, shape, and depth of both shallow and deep subterranean conductors. Anomalies of high conductivity suggest fault or fracture zones influencing underlying strata.