Reform Process Research Articles

Research on the Reform Path of Intelligent Manufacturing Practice Teaching under the Background of "New Four Modernizations"

In the context of the "New Four Modernizations," intelligent manufacturing, as a key area driving the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, has made practical teaching reform crucial for enhancing the quality of talent cultivation. Based on an in-depth analysis of the current status of practical teaching in intelligent manufacturing, and considering the profound impact of the "New Four Modernizations," a systematic design of practical teaching reform paths has been developed. Under the background of electrification, practical teaching should emphasize content related to new energy technologies and green manufacturing; under the shared economy backdrop, there should be a focus on resource sharing and the cultivation of collaborative innovation capabilities; under the intelligentization backdrop, course content should include smart equipment, intelligent systems, and data analysis; under the networked backdrop, practical teaching should concentrate on improving network communication, information security, and system integration capabilities. By constructing the evaluation index system of practical teaching reform and using questionnaire survey, interview and data analysis to evaluate, the research found that the practical teaching after the reform has achieved significant improvement in curriculum system, training base construction, faculty quality and students' practical ability. In addition, the research also put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the problems faced in the reform process, such as increasing the intensity of curriculum system update, increasing investment in practical training base construction, strengthening teacher training and broadening the channels for cultivating students' practical ability, so as to provide practical guidance and theoretical support for the reform of intelligent manufacturing practice teaching.

Modeling of the catalytic reforming process with a fixed catalyst bed based on industrial data

Modeling of the catalytic reforming process with a fixed catalyst bed based on industrial data

‘Strange Enthusiastical Exhortations’: Distress, Religious Identity and the English Reformation

This article uses letters from BL, ms Lansdowne 99 to explore how a diverse group of individuals experiencing mental and emotional distress utilised religious ideas as a primary means of interpreting their experience and expressing themselves to those in authority in Elizabethan England. It shifts emphasis away from the causes and towards the construction and experience of distress. It argues that such letters shed important light on the character and progress of the English Reformation by the closing decades of the sixteenth century, as well as on the operation of the process of Reformation itself.

Correcting Excesses in the CCP’s Land Reform: The “Guo County Experience”

Abstract The adjustment of class status, as a key component of correcting excesses in land reform, holds a significant position in the history of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) land reform movement. During a critical period that would determine the fate of China, the ability to correctly revise class designations and unite the broadest segments of the population had a direct impact on the overall success of land reform and the future of the CCP’s revolution. From the end of 1947 to the first half of 1948, the Central Committee of the CCP and various liberated areas made substantial efforts to address this issue. Among them, Guo County in the Jin-Sui Border Region, through a process of ideological mobilization followed by the division of land and issuance of land certificates, conducted a thorough review of class statuses. This process corrected errors in the previous class categorization and ensured appropriate restitution of benefits, ultimately receiving full approval from Mao Zedong, the highest leader of the CCP. In fact, it was through the successful implementation of the “Guo County Experience” that the CCP curbed the leftist tendencies that had emerged during the land reform process and strengthened the state’s effective control over the society at the rural grassroots level.

Research on the Internal Control and Economic Effect of Enterprises after the Reverse Mixed Ownership Reform of Originwater

As a high-tech enterprise in the field of environmental protection and water treatment, Originwater completed the reverse mixed reform with China’s urban and rural areas in September 2020. The mixed-ownership reform has optimized the shareholding structure, and China Urban and Rural has become the largest shareholder, significantly improving the corporate governance structure and strengthening the supervision and balance mechanism. After the mixed-ownership reform, Originwater’s capital and business control activities have been improved, its financing capacity and project collection efficiency have been improved, and the bank credit line has increased significantly. At the same time, risk assessment, information and communication capabilities have been enhanced, and the reliability of internal reporting has been improved. In addition, internal oversight has been strengthened and oversight independence and effectiveness have been enhanced. The performance analysis shows that after the mixed reform, the market response of Originwater has been enthusiastic, and the profitability, solvency and operating capacity have been improved, especially the long-term solvency has been significantly enhanced. This paper comprehensively analyzes the motivation and process of the reverse mixed ownership reform of Originwater and its specific impact on internal control, and provides practical cases and theoretical basis for the mixed ownership reform.

Exploration of mixed-ownership vocational colleges in China: Models and influencing factors

The mixed-ownership vocational college (MOVC) is an original form of vocational education institution initiated in China. The current study collected 11 administrative documents and nine interview transcripts from seven MOVCs. Using thematic analysis and grounded theory, three MOVC models were developed: the tripartite co-funded model, the secondary institute model, and the joint training base model. Five influencing factors were identified: legal and institutional factors, production and income, management factors, personnel factors, and students and learning. The findings were discussed in relation to stakeholders and Chinese culture. It is recommended that due consideration be given to the interests of the diverse stakeholders within a MOVC and that the relationships between educational departments, socio-cultural contexts, political traditions, and socio-economic sectors be effectively coordinated during the process of educational reform.

Optimization of Steam Methane Reforming Process Through Addition of Hydrogen Gas to Hydrogen Plant in Oleochemical Industry

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) merupakan teknologi produksi hidrogen yang beroperasi pada suhu 750-900°C menggunakan katalis berbasis nikel dengan sifat sangat endotermik. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh penambahan hidrogen pada umpan sebagai alternatif optimasi proses di PT Ecogreen Oleochemicals Batam, merespons perubahan komposisi gas alam dari 86% menjadi 82% metana dan peningkatan etana-propana. Perubahan ini menyebabkan ketidakstabilan proses dan pembentukan karbon yang berlebih, mengakibatkan deaktivasi katalis ketika peningkatan rasio steam-to-carbon tidak memungkinkan karena keterbatasan operasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi antara suhu reformer, konsumsi bahan bakar NG, dan yield produk. Penambahan hidrogen terbukti efektif mencegah pembentukan karbon dan mempertahankan stabilitas proses. Studi ini memberikan solusi praktis untuk optimasi produksi hidrogen melalui keseimbangan penambahan hidrogen, suhu reformer, dan efisiensi bahan bakar.

Afropolitanism, corruption, and trust in government: a postcolonial perspective

ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between Afropolitanism, corruption, and trust in government, marking the first comprehensive argument integrating these constructs. Using a postcolonial lens, it highlights the importance of understanding African politics through indigenous perspectives, challenging Western-centric narratives. The study identifies economic inequality and inadequate public resources as drivers of corruption in Africa, where low wages and insufficient services lead public employees to seek illicit compensation. Collusion between government officials and private contractors further exacerbates these issues. Afropolitans use their dual cultural insights and global networks to critique and combat corruption, shaping public perceptions through cultural narratives and advocacy. Through their involvement in media and international forums, they advocate for transparency and accountability, highlighting both the systemic challenges and potential for reform. Despite the challenges, they harness their hybrid identities to propose innovative solutions and drive meaningful change. The article concludes by emphasising the pivotal role of Afropolitans in shaping governance discourse and reform. Their contributions are vital in advancing transparency and accountability, demonstrating the impact of incorporating diverse perspectives into the governance reform process. By bridging local and global viewpoints, Afropolitans are essential in fostering progress and resilience in African political contexts.

МЕТОДИЧНИЙ БАЗИС ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗАКЛАДОМ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я

The article studies the methodological basis for the implementation of the mechanism of management of a health care institution. The relevance of the topic of the study is due to the fact that significant changes in financial and economic mechanisms associated with the implementation of reform processes in the field of health care require appropriate changes in the systems and mechanisms of management of medical institutions. As a result, the priority task of managing health care institutions is to change the management mechanisms themselves, which in turn will allow for a more rational use of all available resources and increasing the efficiency of the functioning of medical institutions in general. The article is aimed at studying the methodological basis for the implementation of the mechanism of management of a health care institution. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison; systemic, structural, integrated scientific approaches; process, functional, methodological approaches. The obtained scientific results consist in the unification of the components and elements of the mechanism of management of health care institutions of all forms of ownership, which includes the following elements: mission, goals, general and specific principles on the basis of which management is carried out, functional and supporting subsystems, levers and incentives due to which the mechanism is influenced. It is revealed that the mechanism of management of a health care institution includes methods, means and tools which make it possible to carry out effective management using a wide range of modern management technologies and integrated information support. Prospects for further research lie in the relevance of substantiation, generalization of the methodological foundations of the formation of the mechanism of management of a health care institution, since this provides this mechanism with more functional capabilities and thus significantly expands the tools with the use of which certain management methods can be implemented, provides opportunities for the use of modern management technologies, including the introduction of the best world practices.

Essence of operational and search activities

The article examines the essence of operational and search activities as a crucial element in safeguarding the interests of criminal justice, which gains particular importance in the context of modern challenges. The theoretical foundations of these activities and the legal framework governing their implementation in Ukraine are identified. Status-related regulatory and legal acts ensuring the effectiveness of operational and search measures, particularly in military aggression and threats associated with transnational crime, are analyzed. Significant attention is devoted to the historical development of operational and search activities, which has undergone several stages, from a centralized model to a modern system adapted to the needs of independent Ukraine. The article describes the reform process initiated after 2014, when military aggression against Ukraine catalyzed changes in the structure and functioning of operational units. After 2022, the situation presented new challenges that required enhanced coordination among law enforcement agencies and the implementation of innovative approaches to organizing operational and search activities. A separate focus of the research was a comparative analysis of the legal and organizational aspects of operational-search activities in other countries. The article highlights specific approaches to organizing operational-search activities and identifies common challenges, including threats from transnational crime, terrorism, and illegal migration. It is noted that the experience of these countries can be valuable for Ukraine, provided it is adapted to the national context. Based on the research, a series of recommendations for improving operational and search activities in Ukraine are proposed. Particular attention is paid to the need for a clear delineation of law enforcement and military functions to avoid task duplication, enhance the professional level of personnel through specialized training programs, and implement modern technologies to increase the efficiency of units. Moreover, the article emphasizes the importance of strengthening international cooperation, particularly with European Union countries, in combating organized crime. The article emphasizes that integrating international experience and innovative technologies into the activities of operational units will allow for more effective responses to modern challenges, ensuring reliable protection of the interests of citizens, society, and the state.

Teacher Emotions in CLI Reform: a Narrative Study based on Emotional Geography

The concept of content language integration (CLI) emphasizes the organic integration of content language and the cultivation of students’ comprehensive qualities. The teaching reform guided by this concept has achieved certain results. This study adopts a narrative research method to explore the changes and influencing factors of emotional experiences of two English teachers in the process of English major CLI reform, and draws an emotional geographic ecosystem model that promotes changes in teachers’ emotional experiences. Research has found that teachers’ emotional experiences during the reform process are dynamically changing, showing an overall trend of first being positive and then negative, but ultimately showing a more positive trend; The main factors affecting teachers’ emotional experience in CLI reform are “teacher self”, “social relationships”, and “macro system”. The results of this study contribute to clarifying the developmental patterns and ecosystem influencing factors of emotions among CLI course teachers, and have certain reference significance for the future teacher training and development of CLI course teachers.

Crime, Morality and Decolonization: A Critical Comparative Analysis of Criminal Law Reforms in Indonesia and India

The criminal laws have undergone a comprehensive reform with the enactment of the Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), 2023 in Indonesia and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023 in India. Those circumstances have raised serious questions concerning human rights. The newly enacted Criminal laws were introduced as a comprehensive reform to supersede the outdated colonial-era legislation, with the intention of dismantling colonial legacy. This study endeavors to conduct a critical evaluation of the extent to which recent criminal law reforms in Indonesia and India conform to the principles of decolonization. Specifically, it examines whether these reforms aligns with legal morality and human rights, evaluating whether they dismantle colonial legal legacies or inadvertently reinforce them. Furthermore, it aims to conceptualize various frameworks of morality, its nexus with law and explores the morality dilemmas by situating the study within the theoretical framework of decolonization. The research follows a comparative and doctrinal legal research approach, critically analyzing offenses against state, morality and religion-based offenses such as blasphemy, adultery, sedition, homosexuality, abortion among others. The findings of the study reveal that reforms of criminal codes have instead reinforced colonial morality and has disproportionality affected human rights of minorities. Through this study, the author concludes that true decolonization can be achieved when the colonial structures are questioned, colonial institutions are dismantled and the laws are in alignment with the international human rights standards. It is also recommended that the reform process should be continuous, democratic, empirical and ensure traditional belief and moralities are respected without infringing on individual rights.

Trigger events, moments, and destination evolution in a post-socialist context

For over three decades the states of East-Central Europe have negotiated the transition from state socialism in a way that reshaped every aspect of politics, economy and society. However, the impacts of post-socialist restructuring on the evolution of tourism places have received limited attention. We contribute to this debate by examining how processes of post-socialist reform have unfolded in Băile Herculane (Romania), radically disrupting its development path. Drawing on insights from evolutionary economic geography we conceptualise post-socialist restructuring as a ‘moment’ of change which produced impacts and new conditions which, in turn, dramatically reshaped the destination’s evolution. Twenty interviews were undertaken with tourism stakeholders in the town. The impacts of the moment of post-socialist restructuring included a rapid decline in demand for domestic tourism, leaving the town dependent on state-sponsored social tourism. In a context of falling wages, many skilled hospitality workers left the town. A flawed privatisation process failed to inject the capital and expertise necessary to reinvigorate the accommodation sector. Tourism policy-makers (both national and local) did little to address the decline in tourism, while local economic actors had limited scope for innovation or entrepreneurship. The post-moment conditions of the town were characterised by a significant reduction in traditional tourism activities and under-investment in tourism infrastructure. However, there was some development of new tourism products, which shifted the geography of tourism activity within the town. Băile Herculane therefore demonstrates a range of pathway trajectories including path dependence, path contraction/downgrading, but also limited path renewal. This case demonstrates the impact of post-socialism in (re)shaping destination trajectories and affirms the value of evolutionary economic geography for understanding local-scale and place-dependent processes and outcomes that shape destination evolution.

Human Resource Management in Public Administration: The Ongoing Tension Between Reform Requirements and Resistance to Change

Human resource management (HRM) plays a critical role in shaping public administration by ensuring the efficiency, effectiveness, and adaptability of public institutions. In post-socialist European countries, HRM reforms have been central to broader public sector transformations aimed at increasing transparency, meritocracy, and efficiency. However, these reform processes are often hindered by institutional inertia, political influences, and resistance to change. This study examines how reform requirements and resistance to change influence the transformation of HRM practices in public administration across post-socialist European countries. Using a structured literature review approach, this study systematically analyzes peer-reviewed academic research published in quality journals indexed in the Web of Science database. A purposive and criterion-based sampling strategy was applied to select relevant studies that address HRM reforms, institutional challenges, and governance dynamics within the post-socialist context. Findings indicate that historical legacies, politicization, and institutional resistance remain significant barriers to the successful implementation of HRM reforms. This study also highlights that while legal and procedural adjustments have been made, many public administrations struggle with the practical application of reform policies due to entrenched bureaucratic cultures and limited professionalization of HRM functions. By providing a structured synthesis of existing research, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of HRM transformation in post-socialist public administrations. It also identifies areas wherein further empirical research is needed to explore potential strategies for overcoming barriers to reform.

Life Sentences and Minor Offenses: Benchmarking, Recalibration, and the Culture of Collateral Consequence Reform

ABSTRACTThe collateral consequences of justice involvement have become the subject of much reform activity in recent years. Drawing from a sample of 284 news articles, the present study uses content analysis methods to identify and examine the dominant frames that characterize collateral consequences in public discourse as a problematic feature of criminal justice policy and practice. The analysis finds that reform discourse draws primarily on a formal penal benchmark of gross disproportionality, which highlights the extreme disconnect between minor direct punishments for low‐level offenses and the long‐term collateral barriers that a person faces because of their criminal record. Gross disproportionality corresponds to a vision of reform that seeks to recalibrate collateral consequences according to the structure of direct punishment, an approach that may render collateral consequences more formally penal as a result of the reform process itself.

Реформаційні процеси корпоративного права та управління в Україні: впровадження європейських стандартів і міжнародного досвіду

The article examines the transformational changes in legislation and corporate governance practices in Ukraine within the context of integration into the European legal framework. The primary directions of corporate law reform are analyzed, driven by the necessity to harmonize with international standards, particularly the principles of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the legal norms of the European Union (EU). The study primarily focuses on key legislative initiatives that have influenced the structure of corporate governance, including the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Limited Liability Companies” and amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Joint-Stock Companies,” as well as legal mechanisms for protecting shareholders’ and investors’ rights. Special attention is given to issues related to increasing corporate transparency, enhancing corporate governance mechanisms, and establishing the institution of independent directors. The article provides a comparative analysis of Ukrainian corporate legislation with similar legal frameworks in EU member states, highlighting key challenges and opportunities for further development in this area. The significance of adapting the EU Shareholders’ Rights Directive, implementing corporate social responsibility principles, and incorporating ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria into the activities of Ukrainian companies is emphasized. A separate section is dedicated to analyzing the role of judicial and arbitration practices in the corporate law reform process, including an overview of key court decisions that shape law enforcement practices in this field. The impact of judicial system reform on the effectiveness of corporate dispute resolution is examined, along with the application of international legal norms by Ukrainian courts. The article also examines the impact of digital transformation on corporate governance, specifically the adoption of electronic document management, the application of blockchain technologies in property rights registration, and the automation of shareholder voting procedures. It demonstrates how digitalization contributes to improving corporate governance efficiency and minimizing corruption risks. Keywords: corporate law, corporate governance, reform, European standards, international law, consolidation.

"I Don't Really Agree With That:" Canadians' Perspectives on the 14-Day Rule in Relation to Artificial Womb Technology.

Complete ectogenesis through artificial womb technology (AWT) would enable fertilization, embryonic development, and fetal development outside of the human body. In 2004, Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act established a 14-day legal limit on the invitro cultivation of human embryos, stymying the domestic development of AWT. Given recent scientific advancements, we aimed to explore Canadians' perspectives on the 14-day rule and AWT development. In September 2020-February 2021, we conducted an online English-French survey and semi-structured in-depth interviews with a subset of respondents to solicit Canadian citizens' perspectives on AWT. We audio-recorded and transcribed the telephone/Zoom/Skype interviews and used ATLAS.ti to manage our data. We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics and interviews for content and themes using inductive and deductive techniques. We received 343 completed surveys and conducted 41 interviews. Although overall knowledge of AWT, in general, and the 14-day rule, in particular, was limited, our participants felt that AWT had the potential to improve lives. Participants also perceived the 14-day rule as an outdated limitation on technological progress and a barrier to AWT development. Participants suggested revisiting the legislation and emphasized centering science, technology, and medicine in any update. In 2021, the International Society for Stem Cell Research released updated guidelines which recommended relaxing the 14-day rule, depending on the research objectives. Given the changing domestic and international landscape, Canadian policymakers should revisit the 14-day rule limit imposed by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act and seek input from Canadians when embarking on this reform process.

Administrative process in the context of European justice standards

The article deeply analyzes the administrative process in Ukraine, emphasizing the critical need for its compliance with European standards of justice. The impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on domestic administrative legislation, existing challenges and possible ways to overcome them is considered in detail. The author draws attention to the importance of transparency, fairness and efficiency in administrative procedures and analyzes the key principles that should be integrated into national practice. Much attention is paid to the role of national courts in ensuring compliance with international standards, which are the foundation for protecting the rights and freedoms of Ukrainian citizens. The article also highlights the current challenges faced by the administrative process in Ukraine, in particular, legal gaps, problems with the implementation of European standards and shortcomings in procedural codes. The author discusses the consequences of such shortcomings, which make it difficult for citizens to access fair and effective justice. Further improvement of the administrative process, as noted in the article, requires a comprehensive approach, which includes legislative reforms, strengthening of the institutional independence of courts, introduction of modern technologies to optimize processes and active involvement of the public in monitoring and evaluation of legal initiatives. The author suggests concrete steps to improve the situation, including strengthening legal certainty, improving the qualifications of judges, implementing transparent procedures, and involving the public in the reform process. The article ends with a conclusion about the importance of integrating European practices into the national justice system, which is key to ensuring respect for human rights, strengthening democracy and the rule of law in Ukraine. The author emphasizes that only through the joint efforts of national and international organizations, state institutions and the active participation of civil society, it is possible to create an effective system of administrative justice that will contribute to the real protection of the rights and freedoms of every citizen, in particular, the conducted study of the development trends of the administrative process in the context of European standards of justice in Ukrainian practice emphasizes several key aspects that are important for the further development and improvement of the legal system.

THE ROLE OF SCHOOL CULTURE IN HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM IN VIETNAM TODAY

School culture plays a pivotal role in the reform of higher education in Vietnam today. It not only serves as a driving force for both faculty and students but also establishes core values, behavioral norms, and a positive learning environment. A strong and positive school culture enhances the quality of teaching and learning while fostering students’ holistic development in ethics, intellect, physical well-being, and aesthetics. Achieving this requires close coordination between educational institutions, families, and society in shaping and nurturing the younger generation’s character. This study aims to clarify the role of school culture in higher education reform in Vietnam through the following aspects: school culture as a goal of higher education reform; school culture as a driving force for reform; school culture as a regulatory system in the reform process; and school culture as one of the core criteria for higher education reform in Vietnam today.

<i>TAKHAYYUR</i> (CHOICE) MECHANISM OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW REFORM

Despite the fact that, man-made laws are made to regulate the needs of individuals and that of the societies, they change in accordance with the evolution of the society. The more society becomes in need of modernity; the more need of new laws is raised. The government and those in authority who’s functions to legislate will rectify and change laws that feel necessary to change or enact new to suit the society. Likewise, in Islam ‘Ruling’ can be change with changes in time and places to choose the lesser of two harms and preserve the public interest. This Islamic principle has shown that, Islamic laws whose rulings are not directly from the texts can be change in time and place to mitigate suffering of an individual or that of the society. Islam does not impose undue burdens and intolerable restrictions on anybody. ‘Allah desires for you ease (yusr); He desires not hardship (usr) for you. To ease hardships and unnecessary restrictions, Islam designed a legal principle ‘Takhayyur’ through which rulings and laws are cause to change and reform. Now this work will look into this legal reform process in detail.