Reflection Model Research Articles

Reflections on an evolving pharmacist professional identity from two pharmacy educators

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe the Professional Identity Formation (PIF) journeys of two Experiential Education (EE) Directors in a reflective narrative. DescriptionUsing the “What? So What? Now What?” model of reflection, this manuscript will describe the experiences of two EE administrators as they reflect upon the various pivotal moments of their career and professional transitions. Analysis/InterpretationAs pharmacy educators seek to be purposeful and intentional about guiding their students' journeys to form their own professional identities, they must first be willing to engage in their own self-reflection to explore their own journeys. Then, pharmacy educators will be better equipped to assist learners as their own professional identity is developed. Conclusions and ImplicationsIn this article, the authors have modeled candid self-reflection and have described their own PIF journeys to serve as a guide for other pharmacy educators seeking to do the same.

“Shared experience makes this all possible”: documenting the guiding principles of peer-led services for people released from prison

BackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of peer-led services in supporting community reintegration for people released from prison. This study aims to document the guiding principle of a peer-led service for people released from prison, from the perspective of peer mentors.MethodsData were collected using focus groups (N = 10; 2 groups with 5 participants each) and one-on-one interviews (N = 5) including a total of 13 people, representing all UTGSS staff at the time of the study. An inductive thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in the data. Initial coding was done by using “in-vivo” codes (i.e. applying codes to terms used by participants). This informed the direction of the next stage of analysis, which focused on identifying categories that synthesized the codes and data across transcripts. In this stage, broad themes and sub-themes were developed.FindingsSix themes were constructed to reflect the guiding principles of UTGSS staff. This includes four central themes: 1) Offering hope; 2) Building respectful relationships; 3) Providing consistent support; 4) Meeting people where they are at. Two connected themes are also reported: 1) Relying on shared experience, which participants reported serves as the foundation for practicing these guiding principles and 2) Bridging connections to services, which reflects the outcome of practicing these guiding principles.ConclusionThe principles identified in this study can be used by UTGSS staff as a guide for checking-in on progress with clients and may be considered as a model for reflection on practice by staff providing similar peer-led services. These principles should not be applied in a prescriptive way, as relationship building is at the centre of peer support, and different applications will be required depending on clients’ goals and the range of supports available within their community.

Etiske perspektiver i behandling av spiseforstyrrelser

This article aims to show how the use of systematic ethical considerations can illuminate important dilemmas in the treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents in Norwegian mental health care. In a fictional clinical case, a six-step model for ethical reflection is used to examine the role of parents in family-based treatment (FBT) or, more precisely, how the explicit responsibility given to parents in FBT may lead to doubts about their ability as caregivers, and whether a recommendation for hospitalisation should in such cases be equated with the therapist’s duty to notify the child welfare service. By conducting a consistent and methodical review of relevant aspects of these ethical problems, the analysis offers a concrete, systematic way in which to clarify the ethical challenges, uncover underlying values and explore new perspectives and solutions in the treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents. Furthermore, it suggests important areas of development in evidence-based practice and cross-sectoral cooperation in the field of eating disorders. Keywords: Family-based treatment, eating disorder, parents, care, ethical analysis, evidence-based practice

High impact sustainable transdisciplinary collaboration model for food justice

ABSTRACT This article summarizes the development of a High Impact Sustainable Transdisciplinary Collaboration Model for Food Justice based on the work done by faculty from different disciplines—engineering, business, and agriculture—with their corresponding courses in the last 5 years. Our experience aims to show the general picture of sustainable entrepreneurship education through our transdisciplinary collaboration model to promote experiential learning, generating interest among students across traditional disciplinary boundaries to explore problems from different perspectives and create sustainable solutions in a concrete, real-life context. Our model requires transdisciplinary collaboration, where students from diverse academic majors develop the knowledge and skills associated with their respective fields and apply them in a unique setting to solve food security issues. This experience has been formalized into a Preparation, Action, Reflection, and Evaluation (P.A.R.E.) Community-Engaged Scholarship Model that infuses sustainability and that can be easily understood and transferred to other institutions with similar contexts and challenges.

Non-Lambertian snow surface reflection models for simulated top-of-the-atmosphere radiances in the NIR and SWIR wavelengths

Accurately modeling snow reflectance is one way to improve satellite observations in the high-latitude regions. Snow surfaces are known to be challenging for atmospheric retrievals in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength regime due to their low reflectance. For example, current algorithms for satellite-based remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) do not take into account the unique reflective properties of snow surfaces. In this paper, we present a measurement-based snow surface reflectance model in the near-infrared (NIR; 755–775 nm) and SWIR (1590–1620 nm, 2040–2080 nm) bands used in remote sensing of atmospheric CO2. We study snow reflectance in detail using a novel atmospheric radiative transfer model (RTM) software and a measurement-based model for snow bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) to identify how the observations could be optimized in regards of observation geometry and wavelengths. The novel simulation software for NIR-SWIR atmospheric radiative transfer, Raysca, is presented and validated. Top-of-the-atmosphere radiance simulations show that forward-viewing geometries over snow-covered surfaces yield higher radiances than the traditional nadir-viewing geometries, which could indicate the preferability of forward-viewing observation modes in the retrieval of atmospheric CO2. Similarly, atmospheric observations in the 1.6 μm CO2 absorption band might be preferable to the 2.0 μm CO2 absorption band due to higher radiances in the 1.6 μm band.

Spectro-polarimetric study to constrain accretion-ejection properties of MCG-5-23-16 using IXPE and NuSTAR observations

Abstract We conducted a study on the X-ray polarisation properties of MCG-5-23-16 by analysing long-term monitoring data from NuSTAR jointly with IXPE observations made in May and November 2022. The re-analysis of IXPE data gives model-dependent polarisation degree, PD (%) = $1.08\pm0.66$ in the energy band 2–8 keV, which agrees with previous studies within error bars. The model-independent analysis of PD poses an upper limit of $\leq3.8$ ( $1\sigma$ level) for the same energy band. The observed upper limit of PD, along with broadband spectral analysis (2–79 keV) using an accretion-ejection based model, allowed us to derive the corona geometry (i.e. radius and height) and the accretion disc inclination ( $\sim33^\circ$ ). Additional NuSTAR observations were also analysed to gain insights into the accretion flow properties of the source and to estimate the expected polarisation during those epochs with PD $\sim 4.3\%$ . The radius and height of the corona varies between $28.2\pm3.1 - 39.8\pm4.6$ r $_s$ and $14.3\pm1.7-21.4\pm1.9$ r $_s$ respectively, with a mass outflow rate from the corona measuring $0.14\pm0.03-0.2\pm0.03$ Eddington rate ( $\dot m_{\mathrm{Edd}}$ ). The estimated PD values were nearly constant up to a certain radial distance and height of the corona and then decreased for increasing corona geometry. The spectral analysis further provided an estimate for the mass of the central black hole $\sim2\times 10^7$ M $_\odot$ and the velocity of the outflowing gas $\sim0.16-0.19c$ . A comparative broadband spectral study using reflection-based models estimates the disc inclination between $\sim 31^\circ\pm8^\circ-45^\circ\pm7^\circ$ , and yields an expected PD of 3.4–6.0%. We also found a weak reflection fraction and a less ionised distant reflecting medium. The expected PD measured using accretion-ejection and reflection models is less compared to the expected PD measured for a given disc inclination of $45^\circ$ . Our modelling of the disc-corona-outflows and polarisation connection can be extended and validated with data from the recently launched XPoSat, India’s first X-ray Polarimeter Satellite, offering potential applications to other sources.

Increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of an optoelectronic gas analyzer

The work analyzes the main ways to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of optical methods of gas analysis. A mathematical model of multiple reflection of optical radiation in a gas chamber is obtained and the main factors influencing the sensitivity of the gas analyzer are determined.

In situ Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and modeling investigation of protein adsorption: Case of expanded bovine serum albumin on titanium dioxide anatase.

The purpose of this experimental and modeling research is to study the pH effect and to determine the surface coverage plus the adsorption constant (Ka) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein adsorbed on TiO2 anatase surface, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy in a flow-through cell was used to study the BSA adsorption on porous TiO2 anatase films. The experiments were performed in water solution, under different pH values, at a concentration of 10-6 mol/l. Theoretically, we extended the two-state model, based on a system of coupled differential equations, by adding a desorption parameter Kd2, for unfolded state. The model was solved taking into account the adsorption (Ka), desorption (Kd1,2), transformation (Kf) coefficients, and the initial solution protein concentration (C0). The findings clearly illustrated that the solution pH drastically changed the behavior of BSA adsorption, whereas the mathematical analytical solutions allowed us to determine the native state (θ1), the unfolded state (θ2), and the full one (θ) surface coverages. Finally, a good application of the approximated model on the experimental work, expanded BSA adsorbed on TiO2 anatase at pH = 1.7, indicated a value of Ka = (408.36 ± 0.996) × 102 mol-1 l min-1.

Toward Epistemological Development Across the Curriculum: The Effect of Embedded Epistemic Instruction

Abstract: The present study investigated enhancing undergraduates' epistemological beliefs by integrating epistemological insights into a regular university course using an immersion framework. It was conducted with second-year students in the Department of English Language and Cultures in an Algerian university. The 48-student group received a two-semester study skills course designed with built-in notions about the nature, construction, sources, and certainty of knowledge, along with the original course content. A 19-subject group received a traditional study skills course. Both samples' epistemological beliefs were measured using Baxter Magolda's epistemological reflection model before and after the treatment. A qualitative analysis of the data indicated a significantly greater increase in the sophistication of the treatment group's epistemological beliefs when compared to the control group. These results highlight the considerable potential that a curriculum design informed by personal epistemology research has to offer to all educational endeavors and, hence, to overall epistemological complexity in society. Recommendations are made for policymakers, instructional designers, and teachers.

Crafting a professional teacher learner through models of learning and positive psychological coaching tools

The important question of pedagogy and positive psychology in the 21st-century is how to facilitate educators in becoming professionals with successful self-concepts, capable of supporting and inspiring their students, coping with stress and burnout, and facing the challenges of their careers with autonomous, resilient strategies. Therefore, the main topic of the questionnaire conducted by Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary is teacher motivation and coaching. This paper discusses a specific aspect of the theoretical and methodological background provided by the literature sources for compiling the questionnaire. Our current analysis encompasses McClelland’s “Theory of Human Motives”, Bateson’s Logical Levels of Learning, and Dilts’ NeuroLogical Levels of Change. Central to our exploration is the significance of reflection in teacher learning, leading to an analysis of Korthagen’s frameworks, such as ALACT, the Onion Model, and the Core Reflection model. Simons and Ruijters’ Model of Professional Learner Identity illuminates the relationship between learning and professionalism in teaching, accentuating the importance of lifelong learning. Ultimately, our endeavour is to comprehend the intricacies of motivating teacher learning by synthesizing insights from various theories, models, and coaching tools to nurture proficient and inspired professional teacher learners.

Deepening Community-Campus Relationships Using a Critical Reflection Tool: A Multisite, Mixed-Methods Study

Critical reflection is a staple of service-learning, primarily as a meaning-making process for students. This article describes a critical reflection tool designed for all participants in community-campus relationships to generate actionable learning regarding their collective work and to serve as an intervention to deepen those relationships. This tool was designed to accompany the Transformational Relationship Evaluation Scale II (TRES II), which, on its own, has documented utility to enhance partnership inquiry and practice (Kniffin et al., 2020). The TRES II Reflection Framework broadens and deepens the scale with intentionally designed prompts structured using the DEAL model for critical reflection (Ash & Clayton, 2009). Members of 12 partnerships affiliated with five higher education institutions used the reflection framework in this mixed-methods inquiry into the utility and impact of the reflection framework. Key findings indicate that using the reflection framework is an effective intervention for improving aspects of community-campus relationships, such as participants’ commitment to, clarity around, and perspectives on their relationships, as well as influencing practices within the relationships related to work, interactions, communication, and outcomes.

LANGUAGE REFLECTION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND CONSCIOUSNESS ACTIVITY

The article deals with the problem of linguistic reflection and its implementation through the relationship between consciousness and linguistic activity. The problem of linguistic reflection is one of the urgent problems in modern Kazakh linguistics. Consideration of reflection in relation to language forms the basis of the concept of language reflection, and language has been shown to be an important tool in its definition. The materialization or verbalization of information that entered the human mind through language corresponds to the concept of linguistic reflection.The scientific work proposes a model of the process of language reflection. A review of the scientific understanding of the levels of linguistic consciousness was made, and the marking of information by a language unit and the transmission of the speaker's thoughts as an indicator of the connection between language and consciousness was presented by an analysis of an excerpt from A. Kunanbayev's poem. Linguistic units used in speech facts were considered from the point of view of the mental aspect. In the research work, definitions of the terms consciousness, linguistic consciousness, reflection, and reflexive are given and their meaning is revealed. The article uses methods of analysis, synthesis, description, and modeling based on the work of researchers of the concepts of language and consciousness, language, and reflection.The article aims to analyze the relationship between consciousness and language activity in the process of language reflection and present a model of language reflection. Achieving this goal includes the collection of theoretical data related to the use of the term "reflection" in various fields of science, a review of works that study the problem of language reflection, the definition of a model of the process of language reflection and the corresponding analysis of language units.

Effect of beryllium topography on BRDF measurements

The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of beryllium is important for a ray-tracing simulation to evaluate the effect of reflected light on optical diagnostics in the fusion device ITER. However, the BRDF for beryllium has not been investigated yet and is currently lacking. To fill this gap, this study measured BRDFs of beryllium specimens with different topographies using goniophotometers and optimized optical reflection models. Additionally, various surface topographic parameters were computed, and their correlation with parameters for the optical reflection models was explored. As a result, it was found that topographic parameters related to slope offer a certain correlation with the parameters of the reflection model. This can be useful for determining the optical reflection properties of materials for which direct BRDF measurements are not possible.

How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of ML-based decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation.

Symplectic time-domain finite element method (STD-FEM) for room acoustic modeling

A new, extended symplectic time-domain finite element method (STD-FEM) is proposed for room acoustic modeling. As a mathematical model for sound propagation and reflection, the classical time-domain wave equations are used, which can be extended with air absorption. Frequency-dependent locally reactive boundary conditions are also introduced to the model. Spatially, a third-order tensor product type spectral element discretization is applied, which allows us to use explicit time steps. For this purpose, a partitioned Runge-Kutta method is employed, which is an extension of a third-order symplectic time-discretization. The method is validated on a number of examples and the performance and stability benefits are presented. We present the implementation of the method in the soundy.ai application.

High dynamic range 3D measurement based on polarization and multispectrum co-modulation

Three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement serves an important role in many areas, and fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is a widely used 3D measurement technique due to its non-physical contact and high speed. The real measurement scenarios are often mixtures of specular and diffuse reflections, causing overexposed and underexposed areas to co-exist. Currently, utilizing FPP to simultaneously measure overexposed and underexposed areas remains a challenge. To solve this problem, we propose a mixed reflection model and what we believe to be a novel high dynamic range (HDR) 3D measurement method based on polarization and multispectrum co-modulation. In mixed reflection, the fringe images captured by the polarized color camera can be modulated to different intensities between different channels due to the co-modulation effect. By synthesizing all sub-images, high-modulation fringe images are formed and simultaneous reconstruction of overexposed and underexposed surfaces is finally achieved. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed method is more effective for measuring complex reflection situations, especially when objects with specular and diffuse surfaces simultaneously exist in the scene. And what we believe to be a novel no-registration-error calibration framework for multi-channel cameras has also been proposed, which both acquires a significant amount of information in the region with HDR problems and avoids the registration error due to the physical distances between different channels. Experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Monitoring Soft Shape Surface Deformation via Optical Images for the Distinction of Contact State

The deformability of elastomer surfaces offers the opportunity to capture multimodal physical information, which opens up possibilities for applications in intelligent interactive systems and flexible electronics. Accurately identifying the surface deformation of elastomers has been a key issue for understanding the contact state in a soft touch. However, effective monitoring of the deformed surface topography during soft‐touch processes is difficult due to the complexity of interfacial deformation. Herein, the optical detection method based on an ideal diffuse reflection model is proposed to monitor the deformation of the elastomer, enabling the acquisition of a spatially continuous deformation of the surface in a soft touch. This optical system with the parallel incident light can distinguish the elastomers’ surface deformation field by constructing the correlation between the reflected light irradiance and the surface deformation angle. This method allows for the perception of the contact area. Through the deep learning method, the recognition rate can reach more than 84.24% when there are slight differences in the contact of objects with different geometric shapes. The design offers valuable insights for contact state detection tasks and facilitates soft‐touch sensing functions through the high precision of optical signal acquisition.

Implementasi Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Proses Pembelajaran

This research analyzes the implementation of the Strengthening Student Pancasila Profile Project (P5) in the context of learning to enhance students' competencies and character development within the dimensions of the Pancasila student profile. The study, conducted in Project Class 1 of SMA Negeri Jenggawah for the 2022/2023 academic year, focuses on local wisdom and an "ecoprint" project. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documentation, with subsequent analysis involving data condensation and presentation. The study reveals that the P5 activities follow a model of introduction, contextualization, action, reflection, and follow-up. Assessment utilizes rubrics based on profile indicators, while the evaluation process comprises reflection, formative and summative assessments. Follow-up efforts aim to promote environmentally friendly practices in pursuit of an Adiwiyata-based school. The research concludes that implementing P5 strengthens students' character dimensions, particularly in fostering a sense of mutual cooperation, faith, piety, noble character, and creativity within the Pancasila student profile.

Relativistic X-ray reflection and highly ionized absorption in the spectrum of NS LMXB 1A 1744−361

ABSTRACT We present the results from the spectral and timing analysis of the accreting neutron star (NS) 1A 1744−361 from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray observation performed in its 2022 outbursts. The unabsorbed bolometric X-ray luminosity during this observation in the energy band 0.1–100 keV is 3.9 × 1037 erg s−1, assuming a distance of 9 kpc. During this observation, the source was in the banana branch of the atoll track. The source spectrum exhibits relativistic disc reflection and clear absorption features when an absorbed blackbody and cut-off power-law model describes the continuum emission. The 3–50 keV source spectrum is well fitted using a model combination consisting of an absorbed single-temperature blackbody and a reflection model along with the addition of a warm absorber component. The inner-disc radius, Rin, obtained from the reflection fit is ∼(1.61–2.86)RISCO = (8.4–14.9)Rg (17.6–31.2 km for a 1.4 M⊙ NS). This measurement allowed us to further constrain the magnetic field strength to B ≲ 0.94 × 109 G. The strong absorption features ∼6.91 keV and ∼7.99 keV imply the presence of highly ionized absorbing material with a column density NH of ∼3 × 1022 cm−2, emanating from the accretion disc in the form of disc wind with an outflow velocity of vout ≃ 0.021c ≃ 6300 km s−1.

Modeling reflection by structured building-integrated photovoltaics

Evaluating the reflection of solar radiation by Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) with structured front-glass is challenging for two reasons. First, the resulting irregular scattering of light cannot be accounted for by simple reflection models. Second, the locations where the evaluation needs to take place cannot be predicted by simple geometric considerations, as in the case of mirror-like reflection. The detailed modelling of a BIPV module featuring a periodical, linear structure based on the scanning of its surface is described. The application of the model is demonstrated in the assessment of solar reflection by a concave array of the modules. The stochastic sampling of the BIPV modules from each location in a dense sensor grid, that is required to ensure that no local concentration of reflected solar radiation is missed, is supported by re-orienting the sensors. Rather than relying on a data-driven Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model of limited directional resolution, the geometric structure of the front-glass is modelled by modulating the normal of a mirror-like surface. The method allows an accurate and dense simulation with moderate computational demand.