Reduction In Fat Percentage Research Articles

Pengaruh pemberian minuman lidah buaya terhadap kadar antioksidan total dan persentase lemak tubuh pada sindrom metabolik

Background: Metabolic syndrome is related to glucose metabolism disturbance (hyperglycemia), lipid (dyslipidemia), high blood pressure, and central obesity. Metabolic syndrome implicates to heart attack, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and death. Aloe vera, well known rich of polyphenol and vitamin, has a pharmacological effect to improve insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress.Objective: To prove the effect of Aloe vera-based drink toward total antioxidant concentration improvement and body fat percentage reduction in metabolic syndrome subjects.Methods: Thus study was pre-post randomized true experimental study with control group design. The subjects were divided by 2 groups, treatment group (n=19) and control group (n=19). Treatment group was given 165 g/d Aloe vera-based drink for 30 days. Both of groups were given nutrition education about metabolic syndrome management. Total antioxidant concentration and body fat percentage were assessed pre-post-test by ABTS and BIA respectively, while food intake and activity were assessed by 24-h recall and GPAQ respectively. Independent t-test and Mann Whitney test were used to compare before and after treatment between control and treatment group.Results: Total antioxidant concentration significantly improved (p=0.00) in treatment group from 1.2 to 2.0 mmol/L, while total antioxidant concentration decreased from 1.4 to 1.3 mmol/L (p=0.074) in this control group. Moreover, there was significant difference of total antioxidant between treatment and control groups in the end of study (p=0.00). Furthermore, body fat percentage was reduced significantly from 32.8 to 32,4 mmol/L (p=0.005) in treatment group, while the reduction of body fat percentage in control group was not significant from 33.1 to 33,4 mmol/L (p=0.100). There was no difference of body fat percentage between two groups after intervention (p=0.358).Conclusion: Aloe vera-based drink improved total antioxidant concentration in metabolic syndrome subjects.

Quality evaluation of functional carabeef cookies incorporated with guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) as fat replacer

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the quality characteristics of low-fat functional carabeef cookies incorporated with different levels of guar gum.Design/methodology/approachMeat cookies were incorporated with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 per cent guar gum powder to replace 20, 30 and 40 per cent hydrogenated vegetable fat, respectively. The formulation of low-fat carabeef cookies was maintained by addition of water.FindingsThere was a significant difference (p < 0.02) between control and treatments for all physico-chemical properties, except pH and thickness. The cooking yield increased significantly (p < 0.04) at 1.5 per cent level of guar gum. Moisture, protein and ash percentage increased significantly (p < 0.02) while there was significant (p < 0.00) reduction in fat percentage. The diameter and spread ratio of cookies decreased significantly (p < 0.03) with incorporation of guar gum. The sensory scores were not significantly affected with respect to color and appearance, flavor, texture, crispiness, aftertaste and overall acceptability at 1.5 per cent level. There was no significant difference in hardness and adhesiveness values, as well as color parameters.Research limitations/implicationsThe experiment can be further carried out to evaluate complete product profile and storage stability of product under different packaging conditions.Originality/valueFat imparts richness and tenderness, improving flavor and mouth feel to processed meat products, but higher fat consumption may lead to various life style diseases. Reducing fat content with fat replacers in meat cookies without affecting the sensory characteristics may be a significant challenge. Guar gum powder may be an excellent option at 1.5 per cent level to replace 40 per cent of hydrogenated vegetable fat without compromising quality attributes.

Comparing Time Efficiency of Sprint vs. High-Intensity Interval Training in Reducing Abdominal Visceral Fat in Obese Young Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an emerging lifestyle intervention strategy for controlling obesity. HIIT consisted of brief all-out supramaximal sprint intervals was termed as sprint interval training (SIT). This study was designed to examine the time-efficient characteristics of SIT in reducing abdominal visceral fat.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the specific adaptations of SIT (80 × 6 s all-out cycle sprints interspersed with 9 s passive recovery) with those resulting from a HIIT regimen with training volume relatively higher (repeated 4 min bouts of cycling at 90% O2max alternated with 3 min rest, until the work of 400KJ was achieved), and with those of nonexercising control counterparts (CON). Forty-six obese young women (body fat percentage ≥30) received either SIT (n = 16), HIIT (n = 16), or no training (n = 14), 3–4 sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The abdominal visceral fat area (AVFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (ASFA) of the participants were measured through computed tomography scans pre-intervention and post-intervention. Total fat mass and the fat mass of the android, gynoid, and trunk regions were assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results: Following the intervention, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat were reduced markedly (p < 0.05). The reduction in AVFA (−6.31, −9.7 cm2) was not different between SIT and HIIT (p > 0.05), while the reduction in ASFA (−17.4, −40.7 cm2) in SIT was less than that in HIIT (p < 0.05). Less reduction in the fat mass of the trunk (−1.2, −2.0 kg) region was also found in SIT, while the reductions in fat percentage (−1.9%, −2.0%), total fat mass (−2.0, −2.8 kg), and fat mass of the android (−0.2, −0.2 kg), and gynoid (−0.4, −0.3 kg) regions did not differ between the two regimes (p > 0.05). In contrast, the increase in O2max was significant greater following the SIT than HIIT (p < 0.01). No variable changed in CON.Conclusion: Such findings suggest that the lower training load and exercise time commitments of the SIT regime could optimize the time-efficiency advantage of the traditional HIIT, facilitating the abdominal visceral fat reduction in obese young women.

EFFECT OF THE P.A.R.Q.V.E ON RHIZARTHRITIS.

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate the effect of a clinical management program involving education on hand function in patients with rhizarthritis. Methods:One hundred and eight patients with rhizarthritis and multiple arthritis (191 hands with clinical and radiographic rhizarthritis) followed for two years as part of an educational program on osteoarthritis were administered the SF-36, DASH, and HAQ questionnaires and measured for the strength of their palmar grip, pulp to pulp pinch, key (lateral) pinch, and tripod pinch at the time of inclusion and after 24 months. Age, race, level and frequency of physical activity, sex, body mass index, percentage of body fat, and degree of osteoarthritis were correlated to the test outcomes. Results:Women improved less than men on the HAQ (p=0.037). Each 1% reduction in fat percentage increased the chance of HAQ score improvement by 9.2% (p=0.038). Physical activity did not influence improvement in the parameters evaluated (p>0.05). Palmar grip improvement was affected by age and presence of rhizarthritis (p<0.05); patients with unilateral rhizarthritis improved 5.3 times more than patients without the disease (p=0.015), while improvement in palmar grip strength decreased 6.8% per year (p=0.004). Pulp pinch grip strength improved more in women than in men (p=0.018). Conclusion:Patients with rhizarthritis and multiple arthritis improved quality of life and grip strength through clinical treatment, an educational program, and fat loss. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.

Which Exercise Is Better for Increasing Serum Testosterone Levels in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction?

PurposeWe investigated the correlations of serum total testosterone (TT) levels with body composition and physical fitness parameters in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) to know the best exercise for testosterone deficiency.Materials and MethodsEighty-seven ED patients underwent serum TT assessment as well as body composition and basic exercise testing. The bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess body composition. Seven types of basic exercise tests were used to determine physical fitness. Correlations between serum TT levels and body composition/physical function parameters were evaluated using partial correlation analyses. A serum TT cut-off value was obtained for the parameters significantly correlated with serum TT levels.ResultsThe subjects had a mean serum TT level of 342.1 ng/dL. Among the body composition parameters, body and abdominal fat percentages showed statistically significant negative correlations with serum TT levels. Among the basic exercise test parameters, only the cycle ergometer test for cardiorespiratory fitness showed a statistically significant positive correlation with serum TT levels.ConclusionsSerum TT levels in patients with ED, may be increased by reducing fat percentage and improving cardiorespiratory fitness via aerobic exercise.

THE EFFECT OF SOME LIGHT TREATMENTS (TYPE AND PROGRAM) ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND SOME MEAT CONSTITUTES OF FAYOUMI CHICKENS. 1. DURING PRE PRODUCTION PERIOD

his work was conceded to study, the effect of some light treatments (type and program) on productive performance and some meat constituents of Fayoumi chickens during summer season under hot climatic conditions of Upper Egypt. Three hundred and sixty chicks, fifteen weeks old; were randomly divided into six experimental groups (6 groups, each group was divided into three replicates/ 20 birds each).Group 1, the chicks were exposed to continuous common light program (12h light: 12h dark/day) (with intensity 10 luxes) and was considered as a control (C); Group 2 (T1), the chicks were exposed to intermittent common light program (6h light:6h dark) each 12h. of day; Group 3 (T2), the chicks were exposed to biomittent common light program (30 minutes light: 30minutes dark) of each hour of day; Group 4 (T3), the chicks were exposed to continuous flash light program (12h light: 12h dark/day); Group 5 (T4), the chicks were exposed to intermittent flash light program (6h light:6h dark) each 12h. of day; Group 6 (T5), the chicks were exposed to biomittent flash light program (30 minutes light: 30minutes dark) of each hour of day. Chicks were reared under the same managerial, feeding and hygienic conditions throughout the experimental period. During of the experiment body weight (BW), body weight gains (BWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion (FCR), carcass characteristics and meat analysis were estimated. Flashed light groups caused elevation of body weight, body weight gains and feed intake significantly compared to control, while there wasn't significant difference between groups for feed conversion ratio. Flash lighting programs improved carcass characteristics compared with those exposed on common lighting groups. Flash lighting program increased moisture percentage and reduced fat percentage in meat (P<0.05). It can be concluded that applying the flash light regime tend to improve all measurements studied without any side effect on Fayoumi chickens during growing period.

MP91-05 AEROBIC EXERCISE IS BETTER FOR INCREASING SERUM TESTOSTERONE LEVEL THAN STRENGTH EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction: Medical, Hormonal & Non-surgical Therapy I1 Apr 2017MP91-05 AEROBIC EXERCISE IS BETTER FOR INCREASING SERUM TESTOSTERONE LEVEL THAN STRENGTH EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION Min Gu Park and Jung Kyun Yeo Min Gu ParkMin Gu Park More articles by this author and Jung Kyun YeoJung Kyun Yeo More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.2845AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES According to recent study, exercise can improve efficacy of testosterone treatment and the durability of response after cessation of treatment. However, there is no conclusive information on what type of exercise is better to increase serum testosterone levels or improve testosterone deficiency (TD) symptoms such as erectile dysfunction (ED). Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation of serum testosterone with physical fitness in patients with ED. METHODS Among patients who had their serum testosterone levels measured after visiting the hospital for ED between January 2014 and June 2015, data were analyzed for 87 patients who underwent body composition and basic exercise testing. Body mass index (BMI) was measured in all patients, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to test the body composition, including skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, lean body mass, body fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage, and visceral fat mass. The patients performed 7 types of basic exercise testing: cardiorespiratory fitness (cycle ergometer test), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), muscular endurance (curl-up test), muscular strength (grip test, vertical jump test), agility (whole body reaction test), and balance (one-leg Stance test). The correlation of serum testosterone levels with the results of body composition and basic exercise tests was investigated by a partial correlation analysis with age as a confounding factor. A serum testosterone cut-off value was obtained for the body composition and basic exercise test parameters that showed a significant correlation with serum testosterone levels. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 57 years (36 to 73 years), and the mean serum testosterone level was 342.1ng/dL (83.4 to 1030ng/dL). A correlation analysis between BMI and serum testosterone levels showed a negative correlation with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of -0.200, but this was not statistically significant (p=0.082). Among the body composition tests, body and abdominal fat percentage showed a statistically significant negative correlation with serum testosterone levels (r=-0.244, p=0.033, r=-0.254, p=0.026). Among the basic exercise tests, all tests showed a positive correlation, but the majority were not statistically significant, and only the cycle ergometer test for cardiorespiratory fitness showed a statistically significant positive correlation with serum testosterone levels (r=0.292, p=0.010). Cut-off value of serum testosterone which makes difference in body fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage, and cardiorespiratory fitness was 384.9ng/dl. CONCLUSIONS In patients with erectile dysfunction, serum TT showed a significant negative correlation with body and abdominal fat percentage, and showed a significant positive correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness. Thus, in these patients, serum TT levels, which are closely related to erectile function, can be increased by reducing fat percentage and improving cardiorespiratory fitness by aerobic exercise. © 2017FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 4SApril 2017Page: e1219-e1220 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017MetricsAuthor Information Min Gu Park More articles by this author Jung Kyun Yeo More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Does short-term lemon honey juice fasting have effect on lipid profile and body composition in healthy individuals?

Fasting is one of the fundamental treatments of naturopathy. Use of lemon and honey for various medicinal purposes were documented since ancient days but there is a lack of evidence on short-term effects of lemon honey juice fasting (LHJF). Hence, we aim at evaluating the short-term effect of LHJF on lipid profile and body composition in healthy individuals. A total of 50 healthy subjects were recruited and they received 300-ml of LHJ, 4 times a day for four successive days of fasting. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed by student's paired t-test with the use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version-16. Our study showed significant reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), free FM (FFM), and total serum triglycerides (TSTGs) with insignificant reduction in fat percentage and total serum cholesterol compared to baseline. Within group analysis of females showed similar results, unlike males. Our results suggest that LHJF may be useful for reduction of body weight, BMI, FM, FFM, and TSTG in healthy individuals, which might be useful for the prevention of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.

Effects of a Six-Week Daily Undulating Resistance Training Program on Anthropometric Characteristics, Biochemical Profile and Muscular Strength in an HIV-Seropositive Woman with Lipodystrophy: A Case Study

To investigate the effects of daily undulating periodization resistance training (DUPRT) program on anthropometric and biochemical profile and muscular strength in an HIV-infected woman with lipodystrophy. Case report: A 50 year old woman participated in a 6 week DUPRT program. Anthropometric and glycemic profile as well as blood lipid profile pre- and post-DUPRT. Results: After six weeks, the participant showed increased body lean mass, circumference of arms, thighs and calf, HDL-c, and muscle strength. She also exhibited reduction in fat percentage and fat mass, circumference of neck, chest, waist, abdomen and hip, and levels of fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-c and HBA1C. Conclusion: Six weeks of DUPRT improved all evaluated profiles in an HIV-infected patient with lipodystrophy.

Management of polycystic ovarian syndrome with Diane-35 or Diane-35 plus metformin

In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safe usage of the oral contraceptive, Diane-35, in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) when combined with the drug metformin. Eighty-two patients with PCOS were randomly divided into two equal groups: Diane-35 treatment group and Diane-35 plus metformin group. Three treatment cycles were administered. Patients’ biomedical data such as height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, acne score, hirsutism score and serum hormone levels were selected, which were tested between the second and the fifth day of the menstrual cycle and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), blood glucose, blood lipids and insulin levels(IR) were analyzed. Significant reduction in body mass index (BMI), acne score, LH and T levels were observed in both groups after three months of treatment; on the other hand, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentration elevated (p < 0.05). Combined treatment group had a significant change in BMI index and fasting blood glucose levels compared to Diane-35 alone treatment group (p < 0.05). With personalized nutrition and exercise program, Diane-35 only group or Diane-35 plus metformin group had both significantly lowered their serum testosterone levels and had improved acne symptoms. Diane-35 plus metformin combination had shown reduced fat percentage levels in patients with PCOS, and had shown improved glucose and lipid metabolism.

Um sistema de apoio à educação em saúde voltado a idosos com doenças crônicas

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o emprego de um sistema de monitoramento remoto que busca auxiliar o idoso a compreender a importância de determinados cuidados com sua saúde. Além de monitorar dados e sinais do idoso, o sistema também disponibiliza e sugere ao usuário, vídeos e materiais informativos. O estudo envolveu coleta e análise de dados com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, na modalidade de estudo de caso. Do ponto de vista qualitativo, observou-se como as ferramentas e métodos utilizados contribuíram com as mudanças de comportamento dos participantes com relação a seus cuidados e hábitos diários de saúde. Do ponto de vista quantitativo, constatou-se uma redução no percentual de gordura de todos os participantes. O sistema disponibilizado também contribuiu para introduzir mudanças positivas no que diz respeito aos hábitos de saúde dos participantes. Apoiados pelo sistema e programa de monitoramento implementado, estes passaram a tomar mais cuidado com alimentação e prática de atividade física.

Physical Activity: A Key for the Preclusion of Obesity in Children

Childhood obesity is the one of the serious problem globally which keeps on increasing with high rate. Physical activity plays an important role in handling the childhood obesity. Physical activity has long been considered an integral component of weight management, but exercise alone is a reasonably ineffective means for reducing fat percentage. Physical activity along with healthy nutrition boosts the process of fat percentage discount and also helpful in monitoring the hypothalamus part of brain which plays an important role in regulating the food intake. Data suggested that anthropometry is a key component of nutritional status assessment in children especially body mass index, which is quite effective and reliable. Without engaging the children’s in physical activity leads to increased chances of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes in future and that fastenings the attention of fitness personal and policy makers. Hence, parents and policymakers have to plan accordingly to make their child healthy and fit. This article reviews the available literature regarding the role of physical activity and nutrition in the prevention and handling of childhood obesity along with various anthropometric assessment methods.

Teledietetics Improves Weight Reduction by Modifying Eating Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Weight reduction without behavioral modification is not sustainable. However, with a technology application such as teledietetics, the recording process could be a cognitive cue for individuals to change their eating behavior. This study tested obese participants to determine whether teledietetics shows better results in weight reduction. We conducted a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. The participants in the food diary (FD) and electronic diary (ED) groups recorded their dietary intakes in logbooks and on an electronic diary system, respectively. The participants in the control group (CG) did nothing. Subjects were adults 20-60 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m(2). The ED and FD groups were the intervention groups and were compared with the CG group. The participants' body weights, BMIs, fat percentages, waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs), and mean arterial pressures (MAPs) were measured before the study, at Week 6, and at Week 12. Demographic data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. A chi-squared test and descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic and biomeasurement data. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the three groups over time. Significant decreases in body weight (F1.705,86.950=20.508, p<0.001) and BMI (F1.657, 84.486=21.256, p<0.001) and insignificant decreases in fat percentage (F2,94=0.547, p=0.581), WHR (F1.785,91.052=2.888, p=0.067), and MAP (F2,94=7.542, p=0.0001) were observed among the three measurement times. Electronic dietary records were better than food diaries in terms of fat percentage reduction in our trials, indicating that teledietetics increases healthy-eating awareness.

Nutritional supplementation assessment with whey proteins and TGF-β in patients with Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the intestines, resulting in breakage of the intestinal barrier, pathological inflammation and nutritional disorders that encompass from trace elements deficiency to severe malnutrition. Nutritional interventions either alone or associated to drug therapy may be effective to achieve and maintain inflammation remission. To evaluate usual food intake as quantitative and qualitatively, in CD patients; and describe the effect of a supplement containing whey proteins and TGF- on their body composition. Dietary intake was assessed considering 42 consecutive patients, followed in a tertiary center, and by using the 3-day food recall and food intake frequency questionnaire. Body composition was assessed previously and 8 weeks after supplementation with a diet containing whey proteins and TGF-β (N = 22). Considering carbohydrates and lipids, most patients had adequate dietary intake according recommendations. Protein, saturated fat, B12 vitamin and zinc intakes were higher than the recommended values. The dietary fiber, A, D, C and E vitamins, calcium, iron, folate, potassium and sodium intakes did not reach the recommended requirements in most patients. Patients supplemented with the whey protein and TGF-β dietary presented a positive increment in their lean body mass, when compared to non-supplemented group. CD patients require nutritional orientation. Whey protein intake resulted in significant differences, such as improvement in Lean Body Mass and reduction in Fat percentage.

Sedentary Behaviour And All Physical Activity Intensities Are Associated With Disease Risk

PURPOSE. With evidence suggesting that physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), including sleep duration, it is important to adopt an all encompassing lifestyle approach when assessing the influence of these behaviours on health. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between PA, SB and sleep, measured concurrently in UK adults on various disease risk outcomes. METHODS. PA and SB were measured using an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer over a period of 9 days, in a sample of 78 adults (62% female, BMI = 25.4 ± 4.4kg/m2, age = 38.3 ± 14.1). Time spent in bed and sleep duration were recorded throughout using a sleep diary. Participant's height, weight, BMI, body composition, waist circumference and blood pressure were taken at the outset. Associations between time spent in SB, and time in light and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and the disease risk factors were analysed using correlation coefficients in PASW 18.0. RESULTS. The mean proportion of time spent in SB, light intensity PA, MVPA and time spent asleep over a 24 hour period were 48% (691.2 ± 84.8 mins), 20% (288 ± 76.1 mins), 3% (43.2 ± 24.8 mins) and 29% (417.6 ± 38.5 mins), respectively. Increased time in light intensity PA was associated with reduced BMI (r2 = 0.06), body fat (r2 = 0.06), waist circumference (r2 = 0.05) (all p < 0.05) and systolic (r2 = 0.10) and diastolic blood pressure (r2=0.20) (all p<0.05), whilst increased time in SB was associated with increased systolic (r2=0.09) and diastolic blood pressure (r2=0.20) (all p < 0.01). Increased time in MVPA was associated with reduced fat percentage (r2= 0.10, p<0.05). No significant associations were observed between time in bed and sleep duration with the disease risk factors. CONCLUSIONS. In the sample studied, increased time spent in light intensity PA as well as MVPA and less sedentary behaviour were all associated with less risk for disease. Although evidence suggests that for beneficial effects on health, moderate intensity activity is needed, this study adds to the emerging limited evidence highlighting the potential added beneficial effects of light intensity PA on health. Programmes focussing on moving people from less sedentary behaviour to any level of intensity of physical activity could therefore be useful in reducing risk for chronic disease.

English

The effects of an 8 weeks endurance training program on body characteristics and serum leptin concentration were investigated in sedentary young men. The body mass index, body weight and body fat percentage of healthy, sedentary university students were recorded before and after the exercise program and their relationship to serum leptin level was attained. Body fat percentage after training considerably decreased (p&lt;0.01). However, decreases in body weight and mass index and serum leptin level by the exercise program were insignificant. Correlation analysis did not confirm a relationship between serum leptin concentration and body fat percentage before (r = 0.08) and after (r = 0.10) 8 weeks endurance training program. On the contrary to current knowledge that the body fat content is a major determinant of serum leptin level, our results showed that regular exercise caused body fat percentage reduction, which was not accompanied by reduction in serum leptin concentration. This suggests that other factors may influence or regulate serum leptin level in sport doers. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Leptin, exercise training, body fat percentage.

Effects of monoclonal antibody on fat tissue development, carcass composition, growth performance and fat metabolism of pigs by subcutaneous injection

This study was to investigate the effects of monoclonal antibody against a porcine 40-kDa adipocyte-specific plasma membrane protein on fat tissue development, carcass composition, growth performance and fat metabolism in pigs. Forty-eight Landrace × Saba pigs were randomly divided into eight groups, the control group was given 16 mL saline and the treat groups were given the monoclonal antibody (McAb) with 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight at 30 kg or 60 kg body weight respectively by subcutaneous injection. The results showed that the injection of 1.0 mg/kg monoclonal antibody at 30 kg or 60 kg could increase the lean meat percentage by 3.04% or 4.25% ( P < 0.05) respectively, decrease fat percentage by 10.50% or 9.32% ( P < 0.05) and backfat thickness by 16.28% or 18.65% ( P < 0.05) respectively under the condition of unchanged growth performance. Moreover, the injection of 1.0 mg/kg monoclonal antibody at 30 kg body weight could significantly increase serum LPL activities by 13.79%, 25.00%, 43.91%, 21.77% and 11.61%( P < 0.05) at 1 to 5 weeks respectively after injection, increase serum TG contents by 7.83%, 11.08% and 5.37% ( P < 0.05) at 2 to 4 weeks respectively after injection, but reduce serum NEFA levels by 6.58%, 7.80% and 8.15%( P < 0.05) at 1 to 3 weeks respectively after injection. The injection of 1.0 mg/kg monoclonal antibody at 60 kg body weight could significantly increase serum LPL activities by 10.02%, 18.77% and 14.26%( P < 0.05) at 1 to 3 weeks respectively after injection, increase serum TG contents by 9.23%, 9.70% and 8.67%( P < 0.05) at 2 to 4 weeks respectively after injection, but reduce serum NEFA levels by 15.46%, 16.64%, 13.96% and 10.85%( P < 0.05) at 1 to 4 weeks respectively after injection. Meanwhile, this antibody could restrain subcutaneous fat tissue development by reducing the diameter and triglyceride contents of subcutaneous fat cells. This suggested that this McAb could improve the carcass composition by reducing fat percentage which was regulated by increasing fat mobilization and suppressing the fat deposition in adipose tissue.

Retrospective Study of the Effects of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Health-Related Physical Fitness Components

Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Programs (CRP) are an efficient therapy for control and rehabilitation of coronary patients. However, little literature is available on long term effects of these programs on health-related physical fitness components. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of a phase III CRP (Programa de Prevenção e Reabilitação Cardiorrespiratória - ProCor) in Florianópolis, Brazil, upon health-related physical fitness components during a 30 month period. METHODS: The sample pool was composed of 16 women and 12 men (average age of 54.18 ± 8.84 years). Body mass, body mass index (BMI), body composition (fat percentage, fat mass, and lean body mass) through skinfold, flexibility through the sit-and-reach test, resting systolic blood pressure and resting diastolic blood pressure through auscultation method, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max.) through 1 mile walk test, along with functional capacity (METs), were tested initially for each patient in the program and retested every 6 months for a period of 30 months. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a t-test (for dependent groups, p<0.05). RESULTS: After 30 months there was an average reduction in body mass (3.40 kg or 4.91 %m, p<0.01), body mass index (BMI - 1.24 kg/m2 or 4.62%, p<0.01), fat mass (0.99 kg or 4.84%, p<0.05), lean body mass (0.99 kg or 2.09%, p<0.01), resting systolic blood pressure (10.39 mmHg or 7.71%, p<0.01), and resting diastolic blood pressure (12.57 mmHg or 14.43%, p<0.01). There was an average increase of flexibility (6.08 cm or 34.04%, p<0.01) and maximum oxygen consumption (2.73 ml/ kg/min or 9.83%, p<0.05) or functional capacity (0.78 METs or 9.85%, p<0.05). There was a significant average reduction in fat percentage (0.96 %G or 3.26%, p<0.05) only during the first six months. CONCLUSION: With the exception of lean body mass, significant benefits were found for all investigated components. Flexibility demonstrated the greatest beneficial alterations. Fat percentage had the least alteration during the trial. Considering all the variables, the more pronounced alterations were in the first 12 months, specifically during the first six months of activities, with the exception of lean body mass.

A comparative study on the effect of circuit exercise training and bicycling on fat percentage reduction

A comparative study on the effect of circuit exercise training and bicycling on fat percentage reduction

A note on the effect of twin births on production in the subsequent lactation

SUMMARYA study of the British Friesian Cattle Society's herdbook for 1961 showed that twin births were registered from 323 cows which had borne single calves the year before, and which had 2009 contemporaries of the same age calving single births in the same two seasons and in the same herds.Least squares means of milk yield and fat percentage calculated from the truncated 305-day lactation showed that the twin mothers exceeded their contemporaries by 118±47 kg milk in lactations 2 days shorter. After correction for herd and year effects there was no difference between the twin birth lactation yield and the preceding single birth yield.There was a reduction in fat percentage of 0±06% associated with the twin birth lactation.The proportion of a sample of 194 twin mothers failing to calve again was 24±3% against 19±1% of the mothers of single calves, but no reasons for culling had been recorded.