Enhanced N2O capture and reduction system using Cu/zeolite adsorbent and Pd/La/Al2O3 catalyst under O2-CO2-rich conditions

Impact of auditory attention decoding accuracy on noise reduction systems for hearing aids

Enhancing ammonia mixing uniformity in selective catalytic reduction systems: A computational fluid dynamics study on direct nozzle-based injection using the discrete phase model in a gas turbine exhaust duct

Experimental investigation for nanoparticle emulsification and viscosity reduction system on enhancing sweep efficiency in cold heavy oil production

It is shown that every Lee algebra of finite rank admits a finite Gröbner-Shirshov basis, which is proved by constructing a finite complete rewriting system for the corresponding Lee monoid [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text]. Further, we explicitly construct a faithful representation for each [Formula: see text], and this faithful representation can be extended to the involution case.

Abstract This study explores the implications of technology availability constraints on the decarbonisation pathways of the EU power sector, drawing on scenario results from five European energy supply models: MEESA, LIMES, ENERTILE, ACSG, and OSeMBE. The analysis evaluates how limiting the deployment of key low-carbon generation technologies, namely carbon capture and storage (CCS), nuclear power, bioenergy, solar photovoltaics, and wind energy, affects the electricity generation mix, emissions reduction, investment needs, and power system costs by 2030 and 2050. Results within the model ensemble indicate that Variable Renewable Energy sources (VRE), wind and solar, are indispensable for deep decarbonisation. Constraints on solar or wind power substantially increase electricity generation costs and require major shifts in technology portfolios, often resulting in greater reliance on remaining renewable options or fossil fuel generation with CCS. The unavailability of CCS leads to higher system emissions and increased investment in renewables and storage. In contrast, removing nuclear or bioenergy has a more moderate impact, though some regional effects are significant. All models show that achieving ambitious emission reductions in the power sector remains technically feasible under individual technology constraints, but the mitigation effort shifts across generation technologies, and system costs rise considerably in low VRE futures. Policy implications include the need for robust support for wind and solar deployment, cross-border system integration, flexible technologies, and backup capacity. The findings underscore the value of a diversified technology portfolio, strategic infrastructure investments, and EU-level coordination to preserve cost efficiency and ensure stable power system performance under uncertainty in future technology availability.

Falls and trips are a leading cause of work-related traumatic brain injuries, yet the protective performance of industrial helmets in such scenarios remains poorly understood. This study assesses the effectiveness of different industrial helmet designs under impact conditions representative of falls and trips. Six industrial helmets with different designs were tested. Four were suspension-based models compliant with EN 397, including two versions of the same model, one with and one without the rotation reduction system, MIPS. Two additional helmets were foam-based, meeting both EN 397 and EN 12492 standards. Helmets were dropped onto angled anvils at different speeds and impact locations to simulate trips and falls. Tests were conducted on two surface types: P80 abrasive papers and roof shingles. The new EN 17950 headform was used. Helmet performance varied by design and impact condition. Foam-based helmets offered better protection against impacts than suspension-based helmets, which showed greater sensitivity to impact location. Front impacts near the rim at 5.5 m/s produced the highest severity, with peak linear accelerations exceeding 700 g for some suspension-based helmets, followed by rear impacts. In the single helmet model evaluated, MIPS reduced peak rotational acceleration. Finally, the influence of the surface type on peak head kinematics was borderline significant, with P80 papers producing larger peak kinematics. Helmet design has a key role in protection against trip and fall impacts, with foam-based helmets providing added benefits. These findings highlight the need for improvements in helmet safety standards and helmet designs to better prevent work-related brain injuries.

Malalignment after femoral fracture repair remains common, with up to one-third of patients experiencing malrotations. Manual femoral fracture reduction remains physically demanding and fluoroscopy-dependent. Surgeons must apply traction forces to overcome forces generated by the surrounding muscles during the reduction process. Current orthopaedic robots, designed primarily for arthroplasty or spine procedures, generally cannot deliver the high traction or torque required for long-bone manipulation. To address the need for controlled high-force manipulation during femoral fracture reduction and to reduce reliance on fluoroscopy for assessing alignment, we developed a novel surgical robotic system. The system combines a 6-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) parallel mechanism with a high load capacity, an optical tracking system that provides continuous pose feedback, and a gauge-based graphical interface that displays translational and angular offsets between bone fragments and the target alignment. The system is intended to provide controlled application of clinically relevant traction and torque during femoral fracture reduction. These capabilities reduce reliance on sustained manual traction and support reduction maneuvers that are more repeatable, potentially improving intraoperative alignment consistency and procedural workflow. Future work will focus on hardware and software updates to improve operating-room integration and to expand the usable workspace. It will evaluate the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted registration and 3D visualization to support alignment assessment and automated alignment workflows.

Power loss and splash lubrication flow field characteristics in the electric drive reduction system of commercial vehicles

Metamaterials are artificially engineered structures that exhibit electromagnetic properties not normally found in natural materials, such as negative permittivity and permeability. These unique characteristics make metamaterials highly useful for electromagnetic wave absorption applications. In this paper, a compact six-band metamaterial absorber operating in the microwave frequency range is proposed and analyzed. The designed absorber consists of a symmetric metallic patch structure printed on a lossy FR-4 dielectric substrate, backed by a copper ground plane to eliminate transmission. The proposed unit cell supports six distinct resonance frequencies at 2.76 GHz, 6.25 GHz, 11.54 GHz, 13.28 GHz, 15.73 GHz, and 17.38 GHz, achieving absorption levels greater than 92% at all bands, with peak absorption exceeding 99%. Due to the symmetric geometry, the absorber exhibits polarization-independent behavior under normal incidence. Additionally, the structure demonstrates angular stability for incident angles up to 45° over a wide frequency range. The absorption mechanism is explained using normalized impedance matching, surface current distribution, and electric field analysis. The simulation results confirm that near-unity absorption occurs when the effective impedance of the metamaterial matches the free-space impedance. The entire design and performance evaluation are carried out using CST Microwave Studio 2018. Owing to its compact size, multi-band operation, polarization insensitivity, and high absorption efficiency, the proposed metamaterial absorber is suitable for applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding, radar cross-section reduction, sensors, and microwave communication systems.

Artificial photosynthesis that converts CO2 into value-added chemicals under mild conditions remains a key goal in sustainable catalysis. Hybrid photocatalysts that integrate molecular CO2 reduction cocatalysts with semiconductor light absorbers provide a versatile platform to combine molecular-level selectivity with solid-state photostability. However, their quantum efficiencies have generally remained low, partly because side reactions of the molecular component have been overlooked. Here we show that suppressing a photochemical ligand-exchange reaction of a surface-anchored Ru complex, trans(Cl)-[Ru(bpy(CH2PO3H2)2)(CO)2Cl2], markedly enhances photocatalytic CO2 reduction over a well-established Ag-loaded polymeric carbon nitride hybrid. The suppression of this undesirable photochemical reaction is achievable under low-intensity visible light when the Ru complex is loaded at a high density. The optimized system achieves selective CO2-to-formate conversion with an apparent quantum yield of 27.7% at 400 nm and a formate selectivity greater than 99%. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that the suppression of photochemical ligand exchange maintains the original Ru coordination environment with large driving force for CO2 reduction, thereby stabilizing the catalytic cycle and facilitating efficient interfacial electron transfer. These results reveal an unrecognized limitation in molecule/semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts─photochemical ligand exchange of the molecular cocatalyst─and demonstrate that controlling such side reactions offers an important strategy to design high-efficiency CO2 reduction systems.

Cu-SSZ-13, the most widely used catalyst in diesel selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, often suffers severe deactivation, including hydrothermal aging and ash poisoning. In comparison with traditional impregnation in laboratory work, a more realistic solid-state diffusion method was employed to simulate K2SO4 poisoning on a commercial Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst with high aluminum and copper contents. Hydrothermal aging at 650 °C alone induces severe framework dealumination and transformation of isolated Cu2+ ions to copper aluminate (CuAlOx) species. K2SO4 poisoning alone is more prone to detached Cu2+ ions and aluminum terminal hydroxyl group to form CuSO4 and Al2(SO4)3. The presence of water vapor during K2SO4 poisoning dramatically reduces SCR activity by accelerating the ion-exchange between K+ and Cu2+ and zeolite dealumination. These synergistic effects promote extensive detachment of active Cu species, resulting in the formation of predominating inert sulfates, along with a small amount of CuOx clusters. These findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for designing catalysts with enhanced resistance to both hydrothermal aging and ash poisoning in diesel aftertreatment applications.

Atomic layer deposition of ZnO on NH2-MIL-125(Ti) for enhanced selective CO2 to CH4 conversion via S-scheme heterojunction engineering.

Needle-shaped Fe nanorod self-supported cathode equipped in a stacked transmembrane electro-chemisorption system for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia with simultaneous ammonia recovery

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions in wastewater treatment with pure oxygen aeration: A full-scale study.

Formate assimilation pathway contributes recombinant protein expression of Komagataella phaffii in bioelectrical carbon dioxide reduction system

Multi-objective optimization of urea injection parameters of selective catalytic reduction system based SSABP-NSGA-II-TOPSIS

Abstract A floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) offers a solution for harnessing wind energy in extensive offshore areas far from the coast; however, evaluating its motions under combined wave and wind conditions presents challenges. The present study numerically assesses the effectiveness of a passive motion reduction system, previously tested experimentally, consisting of a centreboard and a heave plate, in sea conditions at two sites in the North Sea that differ in energy. The performance of the OC4 DeepCwind semi-submersible platform is investigated using WEC-Sim and MOST, both with and without the motion reduction system. The results indicate reduced surge, heave, and pitch motions, along with decreased tower base and blade root loads, resulting in increased power output. These findings demonstrate the system's capacity to enhance platform performance in offshore environments, thereby advancing floating wind technology.

Poverty in Singkawang City remains a strategic issue despite showing a macro downward trend to 4.53% in 2024. The main challenges lie in the extreme disparity of poverty distribution across regions, the high Open Unemployment Rate (7.92%) dominated by vocational graduates, and low access to basic infrastructure such as decent drinking water. Additionally, there is a risk of dependency on short-term social assistance which has not fully encouraged economic independence. This research aims to formulate a targeted and inclusive poverty reduction system in Singkawang City for the 2025-2029 period. The main focus includes identifying poverty characteristics at the micro level, determining priority intervention areas, and formulating integrative strategies that combine social protection with sustainable economic empowerment. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis approach and micro-data-based spatial analysis. Data are sourced from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the National Socio-Economic Single Data (DTSEN) to map poverty pockets on a by name by address basis. Composite analysis is used to establish intervention priorities in six main areas: individual, employment, health, uninhabitable housing infrastructure, water/waste infrastructure, and social. Findings show that poverty in Singkawang is dominated by structural factors, with Pasiran, Sedau, Roban, and Maya Sopa sub-districts identified as the main priority areas for intervention. The recommended reduction strategy shifts from mere social assistance (bansos) toward strengthening MSMEs, vocational training, and cross-sector data synchronization through the optimization of the TKPKD's role. The implementation of region-based policies and micro-data is projected to be able to reduce the poverty rate to a target of 3.70% by 2030 and eliminate extreme poverty sustainably.

Growing renewable penetration increases deep peak-shaving demands, making stable wide-load operation of coal-fired boilers essential. A full-process CFD model of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical boiler was established, covering the furnace, heat-transfer surfaces, rear-pass duct, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. Simulations at 25–100% boiler maximum continuous rating (BMCR) quantified load effects on combustion and emissions. Predicted furnace outlet temperature and major flue-gas species matched field data with deviations within ±6%. Lowering the load from 100% to 25% BMCR contracted the high-temperature core in the furnace and reduced mean temperature and mixing. Furnace nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation decreased as the load decreased. However, NOx at 25% BMCR increased because separated over-fire air (SOFA) was not applied. Reduced combustion intensity increased the level of unburned carbon in fly ash, which rose by approximately 3.5% at 25% BMCR, relative to the rated condition. Pronounced flow maldistribution also appeared at 25% BMCR. The SCR-inlet flow analysis indicated that the original guide vane design was not suitable for wide-load operation and that inlet-velocity uniformity deteriorated, especially at low loads. An optimized guide vane scheme is proposed, improving SCR-inlet uniformity over the full load range while mitigating ash deposition and erosion risks.