Reduction Of Skin Irritation Research Articles

Влияние реологических свойств на антимикробную активность изопропилового спирта

Gels are one of the most comprehensive forms of hand hygiene antiseptics. Alcohol-based gels are used in many hospitals around the world for hand antisepsis. The main reason for using antiseptics in gel form is the reduction of skin irritation and dryness and the ease of use (no spillage as quickly as liquid antiseptics when tilting or tipping the bottle). However, gels take longer to dry than other forms, depending on the consistency of the gel. The change in consistency (rheology) has a significant effect on the rate of alcohol evaporation and therefore determines the contact time of the active ingredient with the skin. Since it is believed that the main contribution to antimicrobial activity is made by the active ingredient, and the other components are considered inert, in this work we tested model skin antiseptics based on isopropyl alcohol with different viscosity to evaluate the effectiveness of antiseptics in hand hygiene treatment was carried out in vivo on volunteers. The results obtained do not allow us to unambiguously interpret the effect of viscosity on antimicrobial activity, since up to a gel-former concentration of 1.5?% we observed a decrease in efficacy, and at a concentration of 2?% we observed a concentration higher than that for the aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol. It follows from our findings that the issue of the influence of viscosity on the antimicrobial activity of skin antiseptics should be studied during disinfectological examination. Keywords: skin antiseptics, gels, rheological properties, hospital-acquired infection.

Chemotherapeutic Effects of Boswellic Acid Against Human Glioblastoma Multiform: A Comprehensive Review

Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a malignant subgroup of gliomas. Due to the natural resistance of GBM cells to radio-and chemotherapy usually, recurrence occurs 6-9 months after diagnosis. Objective: This paper reviewed the beneficial effects of Boswellic acid (BA) in adjacent therapy for GBM, based on its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: In this review paper, all papers indexed in scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Elsevier were searched during 2000 - 2021 using apoptosis, Boswellic acid, cancer, glioblastoma multiform, inflammation, oxidative stress as keywords. Results: The most important compounds of BAs are alpha-boswellic acid, beta- boswellic acid, acetylbeta- boswellic acid, acetyl-alpha- boswellic acid, and 11-keto-beta- boswellic acid (KBA). Antiinflammation, reduction of skin irritation, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anxiolytic, and anti-phlogistic are the main properties of BAs. Boswellic acid is recognized as a chemopreventive agent. Boswellic acid exerts its effects mainly via various mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis and cytotoxic effects on malignant cells, activation of caspases, up-regulation of genes expression with potential antiapoptotic and pro-survival properties, inhibition the signaling and activity pathway of nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) and enhancing poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Boswellic acid inhibits the signaling pathway of 5 and 12-lipoxygenase (5, 12 LOX), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are considered triggers in the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Conclusion: Future clinical trials are needed to identify the interaction between Boswellic acid and the severity of GBM and to define the safe dose and effective duration of supplementation.

Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Concentrated Capsaicin from Chili Extract-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles with Reduced Skin Irritation.

The aim of this study was to develop lipid-based nanoparticles that entrapped a high concentration of capsaicin (0.25%) from a capsicum oleoresin extract. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were strategically fabricated to entrap capsaicin without a hazardous solvent. Optimized nanosize lipid particles with high capsaicin entrapment and loading capacity were achieved from pair-wise comparison of the solid lipid mixtures consisting of fatty esters and fatty alcohols, representing small and large crystal-structure molecules combined with a compatible liquid lipid and surfactants (crystallinity index = 3%). This report was focused on selectively captured capsaicin from oleoresin in amorphous chili extract-loaded NLCs with 85.27% ± 0.12% entrapment efficiency (EE) and 8.53% ± 0.01% loading capacity (LC). The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of chili extract-loaded NLCs were 148.50 ± 2.94 nm, 0.12 ± 0.03, and −29.58 ± 1.37 mV, respectively. The favorable zero-order kinetics that prolonged capsaicin release and the significantly faster transdermal penetration of the NLC attributed to the reduction in skin irritation of the concentrated capsaicin NLCs, as illustrated by the in vitro EpiDermTM three-dimensional human skin irritation test and hen’s egg test chorioallantoic membrane assay (HET-CAM).

Microsponges enriched gel for enhanced topical delivery of 5-fluorouracil

This study aimed to develop microsponges based topical gel formulation of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of skin cancer with enhanced skin deposition and reduced skin irritation potential. Microsponges were prepared by Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method using ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RL 30 D; and was optimised through detailed in vitro characterisation. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis demonstrated higher surface area (2.4393 m2/g) and pore volume of developed microsponges formulation. Optimised formulation showed better thixotropic and texture properties compared to commercial cream formulation, used as control for comparison purpose. Further, the optimised formulation demonstrated 5.5-fold increase in skin deposition documented via in-vivo local bioavailability study, with significant reduction in skin irritation compared to the commercial formulation. Hence, the developed microsponges based formulation seems to be a viable alternative with enhanced topical delivery of 5-FU as compared to the commercial formulation.

Ionic liquid-based transdermal delivery of propranolol: a patent evaluation of US2018/0169033A1.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts of asymmetric organic cations and inorganic/organic anions and are considered green alternative to organic solvents. ILs have high thermal stability, low volatility, low toxicity and high biodegradability. ILs are frequently used for enhancing the solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This study describes an invention related to the preparation of amorphous melts of propranolol incorporated into transdermal patches for infantile hemangioma intervention. Reduction in skin irritation and a significant increase in transdermal permeability of propranolol from its amorphous melts was reported. However, toxicity and stability issues of the IL-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their drug delivery systems are yet to be established from regulatory perspective before exploiting commercial viability of these forms.

Codelivery of benzoyl peroxide & adapalene using modified liposomal gel for improved acne therapy.

Current study investigates therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of benzoyl peroxide (BPO)- and adapalene (AD)-loaded modified liposomal gel (BPO-AD-mLipo gel) for improved acne therapy. BPO-AD-mLipo were optimized and loaded in Carbopol gel. Both BPO-AD-mLipo and BPO-AD-mLipo-gel were extensively characterized for different quality attributes. Ex vivo dermal bioavailability, dermal distribution, in vivo anti-acne efficacy and skin irritation studies were performed and compared with marketed formulation (Epiduo®, Galderma Laboratories LP, TX, USA). BPO-AD-mLipo illustrated size 256.4±9.3nm with polydispersity index∼0.2. Significantly enhanced dermal bioavailability (AD-2.1, 5.4; BPO-3.0, 7.83-fold) and reduction in skin irritation and papule density in animal model were observed with BPO-AD-mLipo-gel as compared with free drugs and Epiduo,respectively. BPO-AD-mLipo gel provides effective and safer alternative approach for codelivery of anti-acne drugs.

Characteristics of wet work in the cleaning industry.

Wet work is the main cause of occupational contact dermatitis in the cleaning industry. Dermatologists and occupational physicians need to base their primary and secondary prevention for workers in the cleaning industry on the characteristics of wet work exposures. We quantified the burden of wet work in professional office cleaning activities with a continuous standardized observation by trained observers of 41 office cleaners. Duration and frequency of wet work exposure and of different cleaning activities were assessed. Wet work made up 50% of such cleaning work. Within a typical 3-hr shift, a mean frequency of 68 episodes of wet work was observed, which classifies office cleaning as wet work. Skin exposure to irritants was markedly different among cleaners who did the same cleaning activities. Reduction in skin irritation can be achieved by training the workers. Because this group of workers, who have a low level of education, has a high risk of developing irritant hand dermatitis, a special effort on training and instruction should be made. A reduction of exposure can be achieved by: using gloves more often; using gloves for a shorter period of time; using gloves while doing activities that otherwise cause the skin to be in contact with water and cleaning substances and washing hands with water only, reserving soap for when the hands are visibly dirty.

Glove powder affects skin roughness, one parameter of skin irritation.

Most patients with immediate-type-hypersensitivity to natural rubber latex (NRL) give a history of hand eczema. Susceptibility to allergens is increased by irritant hand eczema due to damage to the skin barrier. Therefore, especially for employees in medical or paramedical professions, reduction in skin irritation is of importance. The present study reports the effect of glove powder on skin roughness, one feature of skin irritancy. Skin replicas, performed before and after wearing different types of gloves, were evaluated by laser profilometry. Significant alteration of skin roughness was evident and determined by different factors. Use of unpowdered Biogel gloves on prepowdered hands results in an increase in skin roughness, in contrast to the use of Biogel gloves on hands without any pre-application. On the other hand, powdered Manex neoderm gloves show no influence on the skin structure, whereas powdered Peha taft gloves also increase the roughness of the skin. Other potential candidates causing skin morphology alteration could be the glove pH, rubber chemicals with irritant potential and other characteristics of gloves, which are already under investigation.

UVB-induced pigmentation in hairless mice as an in vivo assay for topical skin-depigmenting activity.

Several reports have demonstrated that exposure to ultraviolet light elicits increased pigmentation in the skin of the Skh:HR2 mouse. We have reexamined this model to assess its potential as a screen for compounds with skin-depigmenting activity. The application of the previously reported ultraviolet light-B (UVB) doses led to marked necrotic damage to the skin which greatly diminished the usefulness of the model for drug testing. We have modified this model by exposing the mice to a progressively increasing dose of UVB that promotes pigmentation with a marked reduction of skin irritation. Furthermore, for compound evaluation, we preselected only those mice which developed signs of increased pigmentation after the first week of UVB exposure. This was critical for any meaningful compound evaluation, since only about 50% of the mice eventually showed signs of increased pigmentation with UVB. Our modifications make it possible to use this model for evaluating new compounds with skin-depigmenting activity. The validity of this method has been examined with a number of compounds including hydroquinone, 4-hydroxyanisole, kojic acid and all-trans retinoic acid, all with known depigmenting activity.