Coliform Reduction Research Articles

Pre-storage treatments of shredded white radish with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v and inulin: untargeted metabolomics, enzymatic browning, antioxidant capacity, nutritional value and microbiological quality.

The specific structure of low-processed foods places unique demands on technological processes. The study examines an alternative protocol to preserve the quality of shredded radish during cold storage - applying pre-storage treatments with the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (SP) alone or in combination with the prebiotic inulin (SPI). Shredded radish samples were soaked in the functional solutions and, after cold storage, were further tested in terms of colour changes, microbiological quality, nutritional value and antioxidant properties. The treatments not only improve microbiological safety and enhance colour stability but also maintain nutritional value without any adverse effects. The SPI-treated samples showed a 56% reduction in coliforms compared to the control and were rich in probiotics (6.74 log10CFU g-1). Both treatments reduced browning, which was especially visible in the SPI samples (40%). Compared to fresh samples, the application of SPI significantly increased the levels of glucoraphenin (2.19-fold), glucobrassicin (2.48-fold), gluconapoleiferin 1 and 2 isomers (2.97- and 2.17-fold) and oxodihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (29-fold). These changes were reflected in the improved antioxidant properties, including reducing, antiradical and lipid-protecting capacities. Treatments slightly decreased starch and protein content but without any negative impact on digestibility. The results confirm that the pre-storage treatments described may be an alternative to traditional preservation methods and are practical tools for extending the shelf life and overall quality of shredded radish. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Algae bioremediation of swine and domestic wastewater promotes a reduction of coliforms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Algae bioremediation of swine and domestic wastewater promotes a reduction of coliforms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Chemical disinfection of secondary municipal wastewater effluents: Optimizing CT dose and tailing effects through high-intensity mixing.

This paper investigates the impact of average velocity gradient and mixing effects on secondary wastewater coliform inactivation kinetics using an innovative in-line treatment technology based on sodium hypochlorite as disinfecting agent. Experiments included both laboratory batch kinetic studies (as reference) as well as bench-scale pilot tests. The laboratory studies were carried out using a magnetically stirred vessel to simulate low-mixing conditions (Ḡ ≈ 1000 s-1 at 1 atm), while the bench-scale pilot tests employed a flow-through system consisting of two centrifugal pumps in series to simulate high average velocity gradients and intense mixing conditions (Ḡ ≈ 10,000 s-1 at 1.5atm). In both cases, disinfectant demand and decay models for sodium hypochlorite were fitted against observed data using various expressions corresponding to different kinetic orders and subsequently incorporated into fecal inactivation kinetics via their integral CT expression. Experimental results showed a very remarkable and significant influence of high velocity gradient and mixing intensity on disinfection efficiency. While conventional batch kinetics indicated a 3-log reduction in fecal coliforms at concentration-time integral product (CT) of 16(mg·min·L-1), less than 1/10th of the CT dose (under comparable process conditions) were needed in the case of advanced disinfection with high average velocity gradient and mixing intensity. Using the experimental data collected in this study, a novel inactivation model was developed that uniquely incorporates the average velocity gradient Ḡ as explicitly kinetic parameter, enabling precise prediction of CT required for various mixing conditions to meet specific microbial treatment targets. To achieve an effluent total coliform concentration of 10CFU per 100 mL, a CT of 48.5mg·min·L-1 was required at a mixing intensity of Ḡ = 762 s-1, while only 0.82 mg·min·L-1 was needed at Ḡ = 18,158 s-1. Inactivation tailing was drastically reduced under high-mixing conditions by enhancing disinfectant penetration in the flocs shielding particle-associated coliforms. Furthermore, disinfection by-product (DBP) screening tests confirmed that enhanced inactivation under high-mixing conditions was achieved while also maintaining regulated DBP levels across all CT values. This integration of mixing effects in microbial inactivation kinetics marks a significant advancement over traditional disinfection design frameworks allowing the disinfection community to access a more refined approach for sizing and validation purposes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Particle-associated coliforms are inactivated by hypochlorite under high mixing. A 3-log reduction of coliforms observed at more than 30 times lower CT under high mixing. High mixing and mild pressure can reduce chlorine dose and contact time significantly. Tailing effects are well mitigated by high mixing combined with sodium hypochlorite. An inactivation model for coliform bacteria accounting for mixing intensity is proposed.

Application of Diatomaceous Earth for Fecal Coliform Reduction in Sediments and Its Agricultural Benefits

This study highlights the potential of diatomaceous earth to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms from canal sediments used in agricultural irrigation. The findings demonstrate both technical feasibility and economic benefits for agriculture, particularly in regions where such irrigation practices are common. The research incorporates three distinct projects. The first involved monitoring water and sediment quality in the Xochimilco canal zone in Mexico City. The other two were experimental studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of diatomaceous earth in reducing fecal coliforms in sediments. The first project evaluated the water and sediment quality. Subsequently, an experiment was conducted in the San Gregorio Atlapulco chinampa, where diatomaceous earth was applied to a coriander crop to measure its effectiveness in reducing fecal coliforms. A laboratory experiment at the Institute of Engineering, UNAM, tested the impact of diatomaceous earth on sediments from a Xochimilco canal, focusing on fecal coliform reduction. In all experiments, diatomaceous earth was utilized in its commercial form. The results of the first project identified wastewater discharges as the primary source of pathogenic contamination in the canals. The second demonstrated a significant reduction—over 70%—in fecal coliforms within a crop after the application of diatomaceous earth. Similarly, the third project achieved an average fecal coliform reduction of 70% in sediments during laboratory testing. The study underscores the affordability and accessibility of diatomaceous earth for local agricultural producers. Moreover, its application does not adversely affect soil quality or crop productivity, further supporting its viability as a sustainable solution for improving irrigation water quality.

Assessing the Efficiency of Phragmites australis in Wastewater Treatment as a Natural Approach to Water Quality Improvement

The Oued Zénati, a vital waterway in Algeria, faces severe pollution from urban discharges, hospital wastewater, and agricultural activities, threatening both the ecosystem and public health. This pollution is characterized by high nutrient levels, suspended solids, and fecal contamination indicators, jeopardizing biodiversity and human well-being. To explore natural restoration solutions, this study assessed the purification potential of reeds (Phragmites australis) found in the Oued Zénati riverbed. Water quality was analyzed at three sites: a non-polluted control site (S1), a wastewater discharge area (S2), and a reed-dense area (S3). Results revealed a significant deterioration in water quality at site S2, with high concentrations of nutrients, suspended solids (SS), and fecal contamination indicators. However, a notable improvement in water quality was observed at site S3, downstream of the reed-dense area, with reductions in fecal coliforms (68.5%), fecal streptococci (92.3%), and phosphates (40.3%), and increased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). These findings suggest that phytoremediation using P. australis could offer a cost-effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly solution for restoring the Oued Zénati. This study recommends establishing phragmifiltration stations, developing artificial wetlands, and enhancing sanitation systems, including hospital wastewater treatment. Public awareness campaigns promoting water and environmental protection are crucial for long-term success. This phytoremediation approach offers economic, ecological, and aesthetic advantages over conventional wastewater treatment techniques.

Application of Coliphage in treatment of wastewater

Phages have diverse applications in the domains of therapeutics, diagnostics, bioremediation, and biotechnology. Coliphages are a group of viruses that infect coliform bacteria. In the last decade, coliphages have gained significant attention for their application in sewage water treatment as a tool to reduce coliform load. The main objective of this study was to treat sewage water with coliphage and evaluate it for reduction in coliform count. In the current study, isolation, enrichment, and enumeration of coliphage was carried out from a sewage sample. The titre of the enriched phage lysate was estimated to be 4.89 x 107 pfu/ml. The pre-treated sewage sample was quantitated for coliform count by the Most probable number (MPN) method, and the count was found to be >2400/100 ml. Post-treatment, the MPN of the phage-treated sewage sample was found to be reduced. After eight hours of incubation, an 80-fold reduction (30 org/100 ml) in MPN count was observed for the treated sewage sample. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of pretreated and post-treated sewage samples was estimated, and the efficiency of the treatment was calculated to be 50.01%. The current study suggests the application of bacteriophage as a complementary tool for the reduction of coliform in wastewater along with other treatment procedures.

Combination of Gallery Well Reactor And Slow Sand Filtration For Clean Water Reclamation in Flooded Area (Study Case: Morowudi Village, Gresik District)

In Morowudi Village, Gresik, flooding is a known problem frequently brought on by excessive rainfall and inadequate drainage infrastructure. The ensuing floods make it difficult for the nearby towns to have safe drinking water. Sand Slow filter technology is suggested as a solution to this problem. Establishing parameter levels, lowering parameters, and evaluating the efficiency of different filtration media in lowering turbidity, iron metal, and total coliforms in flooded raw water in the Morowudi, Gresik area are the goals of this study. Using a batch method, the research will be conducted in a laboratory setting after the floodwater has been using the gallery well procedure. The study will concentrate on three different types of filtration media: 70 cm of silica sand media will be used in the first reactor, iron sand filtration media will be used in the second reactor, and beach sand filtration media will be used in the third reactor. Sand media with sizes ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mm will be used in all reactors, and layers of 5–10 mm and 10–20 mm gravel will be added as supplements in total of 20 cm. The result showed that the efficacy of turbidity reduction can exceed 57.62%. The efficacy of TDS reduction is established at 10.26%, whereas the efficacy of total coliform reduction is established to be over 83%.

Effect of Moringa oleifera seeds on the removal of pathogens and pharmaceutical residues in a domestic wastewater treatment plant by an interdisciplinary approach

In this transdisciplinary study, we investigated, using genomic tools and physico-chemical parameters, the effect of Moringa oleifera seed (MOS) on the removal of microorganisms and pharmaceutic residues (antibiotics), and also the development of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in water samples from a domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) prototype. Water samples were analyzed with and without the addition of powder of MOS. The results showed that MOS addition reduced the total bacterial load from 1.73 × 1010 ± 3.21 × 109 to 6.67 × 106 ± 5.77 × 106 CFU/L, while fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were removed with efficiencies of 99% and 57%, respectively. Furthermore, MOS treatment resulted in a reduction in fecal coliforms and E. coli resistant to ampicillin by about 100% and 96%, respectively. The results indicated that ciprofloxacin removal efficiencies at 29 °C were over 93% (fecal coliforms) and 68% (E. coli) with doxycycline. Adding MOS significantly reduced the copy number of the 16S rRNA gene and the genes conferring resistance to β-lactam (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM). However, MOS does not reveal real effectiveness on removal of pollutants (phosphorus and nitrates) contrary to what was expected. Additional studies are needed for confirmation from our observations. The findings of this study, whatever the functioning conditions (not optimal) of the prototype followed over 4 years, confirmed that MOS is potentially an effective natural and environmentally friendly coagulant that could be applied to wastewater treatment in low-income countries to remove or minimize multiple pollutants and control ARG spread. To promote sustainable development, this small-scale study provides guidance for designing infrastructure in resource-limited locations to take advantage of MOS effects in wastewater treatments.Graphical An individual WWTP prototype was installed in Senegal in 2018 and evaluated in 2020 and 2022. MOS powder addition is supposed to reduce bacterial loads and pharmaceutical residues in wastewater from the WWTP. Evaluation of treatment efficiency was carried out based on using chemistry, microbiology, genomics, physic-chemistry, and statistics analysis.

Enhancing agricultural sustainability through optimization of the slaughterhouse sludge compost for elimination of parasites and coliforms

For a sustainable ecology, slaughterhouse sludge must be managed effectively in preview of the parasitic or coliforms’ spill over to the community. In order to determine the effectiveness of a customized biological decomposer solution in lowering the parasitic eggs and coliform bacteria, three composting units (Unit 1, Unit 2, and Unit 3) were treated with its different amounts. Over a period of 60 days, pH, temperature, humidity, number of the parasitic eggs per gram (EPG) of faecal material, viability of eggs, and coliform counts were evaluated. By the fifth day of the composting process, pH had significantly (P < 0.05) increased across all the treatments and then decreased gradually. Also on the 5th day, all three units entered the thermophilic range (> 45 °C), which persisted for 20 days for Unit 3 and 15 days for Units 1 and 2. Humidity levels initially increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all three units (Unit 3 = 71%, Unit 2 = 64%, and Unit 1 = 55%) but then gradually decreased. On day 5, no decrease in EPG in Unit 1 was detected; however, a non-significant (P > 0.05) 12.5% decline in EPG in Unit 2 and Unit 3 was recorded. After that, a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in EPG was observed in all the three treatments until day 25. By day 5, decreased egg viability was significantly (P < 0.05) recorded in Unit 3 (21.43%); in Unit 1 and Unit 2, the decrease was 6.25% and 14.29%, respectively. Additionally, all units showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in total coliforms, meeting minimum allowable limit in Unit 2 and 3 on day 10 and on day 15 in Unit 1. The most substantial reduction in faecal coliforms was observed in Unit 3 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.3 log₁₀), followed by Unit 2 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.5 log₁₀), and then Unit 1 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.6 log₁₀). The results of this study support recommendation of advanced composting techniques to eradicate or reduce the abundance of pathogens (parasites and coliforms). Hence, we endorse the value of careful composting procedures in environment-friendly abattoir waste management and agricultural practices through creating pathogen-free, eco-friendly fertilizers to promote both agricultural and environmental sustainability.

Biochemical and physicochemical characteristics and volatile profiles of Erzincan Tulum cheese coagulated by herb-fortified artisanal lamb rennet

Biochemical and physicochemical characteristics and volatile profiles of Erzincan Tulum cheese coagulated by herb-fortified artisanal lamb rennet

Sewage Treatment by Kolkata’s Natural Wetland System

The metropolis of Kolkata stands uniquely positioned to implement a natural sewage treatment paradigm through the utilization of waste stabilization ponds, specifically within the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW). These shallow oxidation ponds harness solar irradiation and algae bacteria symbiotic processes to effectively treat incoming sewage. Concurrently, nutrient-rich effluents are assimilated through fish production, converting available nutrients into protein—a hallmark of nature-based treatment. A portion of raw sewage is used to cultivate a chunk of vegetables before treatment in fish ponds, and the reclaimed water after treatment is used for vegetable and paddy cultivation downstream. This investigation explains the delineation of a sewage flow system to EKW, a Ramsar-designated site. Substantively, it offers quantitative insights into the sewage volumes and quality undergoing treatment. The sewage flow is higher in the winter months (909.07 MLD) compared to the summer months (709.34 MLD). In general, the sewage from the Kolkata city flowing to the EKW is moderately polluted. Extensive scrutiny of sewage from pond inlets and outlets serves as a quantitative metric for evaluating treatment efficacy. EKW efficiently treats the sewage, demonstrating 59.1% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal and a 99.28% reduction in fecal coliform. The natural treatment system excels in removing ammoniacal nitrogen (80.38%) and phosphate (90%). The treated water’s quality along the EKW boundary, culminating at the Kulti Gong River discharge point, was systematically assessed. Analytical findings indicate that all measured concentrations in the treated water adhere to prescribed inland surface water discharge standards prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board, India, barring a marginal elevation in BOD during winter. Evidently, the EKW system adeptly manages substantial sewage volumes, fostering efficient treatment while concurrently facilitating resource recovery through fish production, yielding economic dividends. Despite its substantial land footprint, preserving this inherently sustainable wastewater management paradigm is imperative.

Comparative assessment of domestic wastewater treatment via Vermifiltration through various filter bed material.

Vermifilter (VF) is considered sustainable for rural areas; however, filter media is the most important but has been explored less. This study evaluated the performance of vermifilters in treating domestic wastewater (DWW) using various filter media, including areca nutshell (AS), rice straw (RS), dry leaves (DL), and chicken eggshells (ES). We compared the results with four different reactors: R1 (AS), R2 (RS), R3 (DL), and R4 (ES). DWW was applied with a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 1 m3/m2/d with Eisenia fetida earthworm species. The results showed the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by 82%, 76%, 73%, and 87%; chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 75%, 73%, 72%, and 88%; phosphate by 36%, 25%, 27%, and 50%; sulfate by 56%, 54%, 53%, and 71% in R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. Simultaneously, R4 experienced a fivefold reduction in total bacteria and a sixfold reduction in total coliform. Moreover, the most exceptional filter media for vermifiltration is eggshells for the earthworm's growth and treatment efficacy.

Vermistabilization of excess sludge employing Eisenia fetida: Earthworm histopathological alterations and phytotoxicity evaluation

Vermistabilization of excess sludge employing Eisenia fetida: Earthworm histopathological alterations and phytotoxicity evaluation

Effects of Ceramic Membrane Composed of Clay and a Mixture of Rice Husks, Sawdust, Coconut Shell Charcoal, and Coffee Grounds on Reducing Total Coliforms in Well Water

Abstract Aim: The study was conducted to determine the effects of a ceramic membrane composed of clay and a mixture of rice husks, sawdust, coconut shell charcoal, and coffee grounds on reducing total coliforms in well water. Methods: The materials used were clay and a mixture of materials including rice husks, sawdust, coconut shell charcoal, and coffee grounds. These materials were mixed, molded, dried, and burnt. Total coliforms in well water were measured as the observed parameter, and the different material compositions were compared. Coliforms were assessed with the membrane filter method, while data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the greatest reduction in total coliforms was found on the ceramic membrane of clay and coffee grounds with a value of 105.8 CFU, while the lowest was observed in a mixture of clay and coconut shell charcoal at 92.8 CFU. The percentage decline rate in total coliforms caused by ceramic membrane with a mixture of land clay and coffee grounds reached 91.3%. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in the reduction of total coliforms among the various membrane compositions, the combination of clay and coffee grounds caused a reduction reaching &gt;90%.

Native Microalgae-Bacteria Consortia: A Sustainable Approach for Effective Urban Wastewater Bioremediation and Disinfection.

Urban wastewater is a significant by-product of human activities. Conventional urban wastewater treatment plants have limitations in their treatment, mainly concerning the low removal efficiency of conventional and emerging contaminants. Discharged wastewater also contains harmful microorganisms, posing risks to public health, especially by spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes. Therefore, this study assesses the potential of a native microalgae-bacteria system (MBS) for urban wastewater bioremediation and disinfection, targeting NH4+-N and PO43--P removal, coliform reduction, and antibiotic resistance gene mitigation. The MBS showed promising results, including a high specific growth rate (0.651 ± 0.155 d-1) and a significant average removal rate of NH4+-N and PO43--P (9.05 ± 1.24 mg L-1 d-1 and 0.79 ± 0.06 mg L-1 d-1, respectively). Microalgae-induced pH increase rapidly reduces coliforms (r > 0.9), including Escherichia coli, within 3 to 6 days. Notably, the prevalence of intI1 and the antibiotic resistance genes sul1 and blaTEM are significantly diminished, presenting the MBS as a sustainable approach for tertiary wastewater treatment to combat eutrophication and reduce waterborne disease risks and antibiotic resistance spread.

Influence of Land Use and Land Cover on the Quality of Surface Waters and Natural Wetlands in the Miranda River Watershed, Brazilian Pantanal

Water quality assessment stands as a fundamental step in water resource management. In addition to substances and organisms present in the water, land use and land cover are two factors also affecting water quality. This study analyzed the correlation and influence between water quality and land use and land cover in the Miranda River Basin (MRB) and the natural wetlands in the Pantanal Biome. Using a watershed-wide approach, results suggested that water quality management policies can be considered in terms of sub-basins (smaller planning units). The Water Quality Index (WQI) was considered GOOD or EXCELLENT throughout the MRB. It was observed that the natural wetlands have the capacity to contribute to improving the WQI, with reductions in thermotolerant coliforms and turbidity; however, high values were found for thermotolerant coliforms, a temporal increasing trend of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and a reduction in dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus. Conversely, in these flooded areas, trends of a decrease in dissolved oxygen and an increase in BOD levels were found. Natural wetlands play important hydrological and ecological roles in water quality, storing, removing, and cycling nutrients. They are highly relevant areas for defining watershed management and conservation strategies, environmental protection, and providing ecosystem services.

Potensi Pemanfaatan Enzim Biokatalitik dari Kulit Buah dan Sayur untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit

Health services in hospitals produce hazardous and infectious waste that comes from sharing sources of activity. The research carried out experimentally in laboratory aims to determine the effect of biocatalytic enzyme treatment from fruit and vegetable peel (concentration variations of 5%, 10%, 15%) on pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, total suspended solids (TSS), and total coliforms of hospital liquid waste. From the research results, it was found that the addition of biocatalytic enzymes was very effective in reducing the total coliform concentration. The highest reduction in coliforms occurred with the addition of 15% enzyme, where there was a decrease from 1600 MPN/100 mL to 500 MPN/100 mL at a digestion time of less than 24 hours. After a digestion time of 2 days, no coliforms were found in the wastewater samples. However, there was a decrease in pH and an increase in TSS and COD concentrations which did not meet quality standards after being treated with enzymes at all concentration variations. The profile of changes in TSS and COD concentrations shows a decreasing trend with an increase in digestion time of 1 to 3 days, the values ​​obtained will still exceed the TSS and COD quality standards (30 mg/L and 100 mg/L). Meanwhile, the waste pH gradually increased with increasing digestion time up to 3 days at enzyme concentrations of 5% and 10%, namely 3.5 and 4.8. However, this value is still outside the permitted quality standard interval, namely 6-9.

Bacterial dispersal enhances the elimination of active fecal coliforms during vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable wastes: The overlooked role of earthworm mucus

Bacterial dispersal enhances the elimination of active fecal coliforms during vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable wastes: The overlooked role of earthworm mucus

Actividad probiótica de PROBIOLACTIL®, SUBTILPROBIO® y su mezcla en pollos de ceba

Biopreparations with Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacillus subtilis are used as probiotics in poultry farming due to their beneficial effects on the intestinal ecosystem. Objective. To evaluate the probiotic activity of the biopreparations PROBIOLACTIL®, SUBTILPROBIO® and their mixture on microbiological, productive and health indicators in broilers. Materials and methods. An experiment with a completely randomized design was carried out for 42 days with four treatments: T1. Control diet (control group), T2. PROBIOLACTIL® (bioprepared with Lactobacillus salivarius C-65) + diet, T3. SUBTILPROBIO® (Bioprepared with Bacillus subtilis E-44) + diet and T4. Mixture of both biopreparations + diet. Results. The treatments where the probiotics were applied presented an increase in total lactobacilli and anaerobes (p≤0.05) and a reduction in total coliforms. Live weight was higher in birds treated with the mixture, and weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion and carcass yield were improved. The application of additives reduced mortality and increased viability in birds. Conclusions. The synergistic activity of Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacillus subtilis increases probiotic activity and favors the productive performance and viability of broilers.

Effects of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 Consumption on the Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Fecal Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Healthy Persian Cats.

In the literature, there are several studies showing the effects of different probiotic administrations in dogs, while there is limited information about their effects in cats. Furthermore, there are no studies that examined the effects of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri on cats' welfare, especially considering a specific breed. In this study, the effects of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 on body weight, body condition score (BCS), and fecal parameters (fecal score and fecal moisture) of healthy Persian cats were assessed; additionally, a microbiological analysis was carried out to quantify bacterial species like Escherichia coli (for the total coliform count) and Lactobacilli. The administration of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 showed no alteration in the body weight and body condition score of Persian cats. The fecal moisture decreased at the end of the study and the values of fecal score were improved. Moreover, at the end of the study period, an increase in Lactobacilli (p > 0.001) was observed. The data collected report the ability of L. reuteri NBF 2 DSM 32264 to improve fecal quality parameters in healthy adult Persian cats, leading to an increase in Lactobacilli and a reduction in total coliforms.