Reduction In Apparent Age Research Articles

Turning Back the Clock: Artificial Intelligence Recognition of Age Reduction after Face-Lift Surgery Correlates with Patient Satisfaction.

Patients desire face-lifting procedures primarily to appear younger, more refreshed, and attractive. Because there are few objective studies assessing the success of face-lift surgery, the authors used artificial intelligence, in the form of convolutional neural network algorithms alongside FACE-Q patient-reported outcomes, to evaluate perceived age reduction and patient satisfaction following face-lift surgery. Standardized preoperative and postoperative (1 year) images of 50 consecutive patients who underwent face-lift procedures (platysmaplasty, superficial musculoaponeurotic system-ectomy, cheek minimal access cranial suspension malar lift, or fat grafting) were used by four neural networks (trained to identify age based on facial features) to estimate age reduction after surgery. In addition, FACE-Q surveys were used to measure patient-reported facial aesthetic outcome. Patient satisfaction was compared to age reduction. The neural network preoperative age accuracy score demonstrated that all four neural networks were accurate in identifying ages (mean score, 100.8). Patient self-appraisal age reduction reported a greater age reduction than neural network age reduction after a face lift (-6.7 years versus -4.3 years). FACE-Q scores demonstrated a high level of patient satisfaction for facial appearance (75.1 ± 8.1), quality of life (82.4 ± 8.3), and satisfaction with outcome (79.0 ± 6.3). Finally, there was a positive correlation between neural network age reduction and patient satisfaction. Artificial intelligence algorithms can reliably estimate the reduction in apparent age after face-lift surgery; this estimated age reduction correlates with patient satisfaction. Diagnostic, IV.

Facelift Surgery Turns Back the Clock: Artificial Intelligence and Patient Satisfaction Quantitate Value of Procedure Type and Specific Techniques.

Patients desire facelifting procedures to look younger, refreshed, and attractive. Unfortunately, there are few objective studies assessing the success of types of facelift procedures and ancillary techniques. The authors sought to utilize convolutional neural network algorithms alongside patient-reported FACE-Q outcomes to evaluate perceived age reduction and patient satisfaction following various facelift techniques. Standardized preoperative and postoperative (1-year) images of patients who underwent facelift procedures were analyzed by 4 neural networks to estimate age reduction after surgery (n = 105). FACE-Q surveys were employed to measure patient-reported facial aesthetic outcome. We compared (1) facelift procedure type: skin-only vs superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)-plication, vs SMAS-ectomy; and (2) ancillary techniques: fat grafting (malar) vs no fat grafting. Outcomes were based on complications, estimated age-reduction, and patient satisfaction. The neural network preoperative age accuracy score demonstrated that all neural networks were accurate in identifying our patients' ages (mean score = 100.4). SMAS-ectomy and SMAS-plication had significantly greater age-reduction (5.85 and 5.35 years, respectively) compared with skin-only (2.95 years, P < 0.05). Fat grafting compared to no fat grafting demonstrated 2.1 more years of age reduction. Facelift procedure type did not affect FACE-Q scores; however, patients who underwent fat grafting had a higher satisfaction with outcome (78.1 ± 8 vs 69 ± 6, P < 0.05) and decision to have the procedure (83.0 ± 6 vs 72 ± 9, P < 0.05). Artificial intelligence algorithms can reliably estimate the reduction in apparent age after facelift surgery. Facelift technique, like SMAS-ectomy or SMAS-plication, and specific technique, like fat grafting, were found to enhance facelifting outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Anterior Approach to the Neck: Long-Term Follow-Up.

The anterior or submental necklift has been well described. Long-term results have been demonstrated in patients with minimal, mild, and moderate skin excess. It relies on the skin's unique ability to contract once separated from its attachments and further enhances the surgical result with treatment of the intermediate layer- subplatysmal fat, anterior digastric, submandibular gland, and platysma. Treatment of this layer differentiates this operation from liposuction and offers benefits beyond liposuction alone. The authors sought to assess the long-term success of the anterior necklift for neck rejuvenation and determine its utility in patients with severe cervicomental angles. This was a single-surgeon, retrospective review of patients who underwent an isolated anterior necklift with no additional procedures between 1998 and 2017. Pre- and postprocedure photographs were scrambled and examined by independent evaluators grading the change in cervicomental angle based on the Knize scale. The reduction in apparent age was calculated utilizing the validated apparent age assessment scale. Twenty-seven patients were evaluated (42% mild and 58% moderate to severe necks preoperatively). The average follow-up was 24.7 months. There was an average 3.6-year age reduction and 1.0-grade improvement in all patients. In moderate to severe necks, there was a 3.9-year age reduction and 1.4-grade improvement in the cervicomental angle following surgery. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the operation in improving the cervicomental angle and reducing the overall apparent age of patients, even more so in severe cases. The operation is an option for patients who desire neck improvement but are unwilling to undergo a facelift.

Outcomes Assessment of Combination Face Lift and Perioral Phenol–Croton Oil Peel

Face-lift surgery when combined with perioral phenol-croton oil peel is an underappreciated tool for face rejuvenation. The procedure results in significant central face skin tightening and wrinkle reduction. A retrospective review of 47 consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous face lift and perioral peel was performed. The objective measures used to evaluate the change in appearance of the patients included (1) a validated patient satisfaction questionnaire, (2) an evaluation of apparent age, and (3) an evaluation of perioral wrinkles by independent reviewers using a validated model. The assessment of apparent age was performed as follows: preoperative and postoperative photographs were shown randomly to six reviewers, who were asked to estimate the patient's age. The apparent age was compared with the patient's actual age, and the reduction in apparent age was calculated. Improvement in perioral rhytides was evaluated by using the Glogau classification system (range, 1 to 4). Survey results documented overall patient satisfaction, which was rated as 6.5 on a scale of 1 to 7 (with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction). Patients' postoperative apparent age estimate was 8.2 years younger than their real age (p=0.0002). The Glogau classification system score demonstrated a mean reduction of 1.15 (3.3 preoperatively as compared with 2.15 postoperatively, p<0.0001). Outcomes measurements, including patient satisfaction, objective evaluation of wrinkle improvement, and significant reduction in apparent age, document the power of this technique. Therapeutic, IV.

Objective assessment of change in apparent age after facial rejuvenation surgery

Facial "rejuvenation" procedures make an implicit claim to provide a more youthful appearance. However, any benefit from such procedures has not been objectively evaluated and validated. This study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of facial rejuvenation using a deep-plane facelift and other cosmetic procedures. Seventy-five patients were included in the study - 71 consecutive patients who met the study criteria and four controls. Inclusion criteria included at least 6 months' follow-up, standardized photos with no makeup or jewelry, and no subsequent cosmetic procedures. Simultaneous procedures included submental lipectomy, fat injection, laser skin resurfacing, blepharoplasty, endoscopic forehead lift, and chin/jowl augmentation. Photographs were judged by 198 independent members of the public who were asked to rate apparent age. The mean reduction in apparent age for all surgical patients was 6.0 years (range 0.8-14.2 years) versus no change for the control patients (p < 0.01). The average reduction in apparent age after a facelift alone was 4.6 years. Laser resurfacing provided 2.5 years of apparent age reduction (p < 0.05). Eyelid surgery and an endoscopic forehead lift each contributed a 2-year reduction in apparent age (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference when patients were compared by gender, age, body mass index, or facial shape. These findings provide the first objective evidence that cosmetic surgery (or any intervention, surgical or otherwise) is effective in providing a more youthful appearance. Facelift, laser resurfacing, blepharoplasty, and endoscopic forehead lift all significantly contribute to a reduction in apparent age.

Outcome Analysis in 93 Facial Rejuvenation Patients Treated with a Deep-Plane Face Lift

This prospective study assessed outcomes in patients undergoing a deep-plane face lift and other simultaneous facial cosmetic procedures. It is the first prospective outcome study to assess and compare these patients and provide data on patient satisfaction and quality of life—the most important determinants of surgical success. From 2002 to 2007, in-person interviews were conducted with 93 patients who attended a follow-up appointment at least 1 month after surgery from a total of 122 consecutive patients treated with a deep-plane face lift and other facial rejuvenation procedures (response rate, 76 percent). Questions were asked in six categories: patient data, indications, recovery, results, complications, and psychological effects. Responses were analyzed in four groups: face lift alone; face lift and blepharoplasties; face lift and forehead lift; and face lift, blepharoplasties, and endoscopic forehead lift. The average subjective reduction in apparent age was 11.9 years (range, 0 to 27.5 years). Seventy-seven patients (82.8 percent) reported an improvement in self-esteem, and 64 patients (69.6 percent) reported an improved quality of life. There was no significant correlation between result rating and procedure groups, age, gender, smoking history, previous face lift, body mass index, or the occurrence of a complication. Despite a significant recovery period, patient satisfaction was high, with 96.7 percent of patients reporting a more youthful appearance after surgery. Scar dissatisfaction was rare (2.2 percent). With proper patient preparation and education, facial rejuvenation effectively meets patient expectations. These findings support the recommendation of surgical facial rejuvenation to patients who wish to look younger.

Effect of Multisyringe Hyaluronic Acid Facial Rejuvenation on Perceived Age

The objective of aesthetic treatments is to create a more youthful appearance. Most injectable fillers are indicated for the reduction of nasolabial folds, but the current aesthetic movement is toward volume replacement in multiple areas, known as global fillers or liquid face-lift. To quantify the degree of perceived age reduction from multisyringe hyaluronic acid treatment. Ten women were treated with 6 to 8 mL of hyaluronic acid. Exclusion criteria were no laser for 6 months and no hyaluronic acid fillers for 6 months or semipermanent fillers for 1 year. High-resolution photographs were taken in identical lighting and position before and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. Three blinded dermatologists rated patients' ages before and after from photographs. The dermatologists reported an average of 6.1 to 7.3 years of reduction in apparent age at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The patients perceived a decrease in apparent age of 7.8 and 9 years. Multisyringe injection of hyaluronic acid filler into the aging face results in a reduction of apparent age from 6.1 to 9 years after 2 to 4 weeks. Full-face correction with hyaluronic acid is an important procedure in the armamentarium of anti-aging techniques.

The effect of weathering on fission track dating

Fission track ages have been determined on sphene, apatite, and zircon separated from fresh and highly weathered rock samples. Sphene and zircon ages are unaffected by even extreme weathering. Apatite from partially weathered granite gives a similarly unaffected age. Badly corroded apatites from a residual clay, however, do show a 17% reduction in apparent age, involving loss of both spontaneous fission tracks and uranium from the crystals.