Ethylene diamine–assisted capillary impregnation of NiO@Ti3C2 MXene composites from MAX phase for enhanced supercapacitor applications

Heteroatom-doped MXene quantum dots: red emission tuning and dual-functional performance.

Minimal bamboo biochar dosing as sediment additive in sediment microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity production and benthic nutrient removal.

Advanced additives have become a key strategy for pushing the practical limits of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by tuning not only electrode materials but the entire cell structure. Instead of being passive bystanders, modern additives are intentionally designed to participate in electrochemical reactions, buffer mechanical stress, regulate ion and electron transport, and form robust interphases. This review offers a comprehensive overview of how additives are used in anodes, electrolytes, and cathodes to improve energy density, rate capability, cycle life, and overall safety. We explain how tailored additives can stabilize active materials that undergo significant volume changes, facilitate the formation of thin, stable, and conductive interphases, and enhance Li⁺ solvation and transport, thereby mitigating lithium plating and side reactions. Special attention is given to multifunctional additives that provide structural reinforcement, redox activity, and interface engineering, along with the interplay between bulk modifications and surface design strategies. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges, including compatibility with high-voltage chemistries, scalability, and performance in practical cell formats, and we propose future directions for data-driven, rational additive development. By viewing additives as active, designable components of the entire battery system, this review aims to support the development of advanced LIBs with improved durability, safety, and performance under real-world conditions. • Modern additives play an active role in electrochemical reactions, surpassing traditional passive functions. • Multifunctional additives enhance structural integrity, exhibit redox activity, and stabilize interfaces. • Customized additives enhance energy density, improve rate capability, extend cycle life, and increase battery safety. • Data-driven design strategies facilitate the rational integration of both bulk and surface modifications for the effective development of high-voltage LIBs.

A comprehensive review on recent advances in bismuth chalcogenide-based heterostructured photocatalysts for pesticide degradation

Synthesis of an immobilizable p-dopant and covalent binding onto a polymeric semiconductor

SIRT3 mediates mitochondrial protection and attenuates mtROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 signaling activation in dry eye disease.

The Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondrial electron transport chain: its role in adaptation, longevity, and biotechnology.

Charge allocation and mass transfer efficiency during hydrogen evolution reaction in high salinity neutral electrolyte.

Targeted biohybrid nanoplatform for spinal cord injury treatment: Restoring microglial mitophagy and alleviating oxidative stress.

Light-driven N-doped carbon quantum dots facilitate microbial chain elongation: Bridging process enhancement to functional metagenomics.

A mitochondria-targeted nanoantioxidant restores alveolar bone homeostasis in periodontitis by quenching ROS and suppressing the cGAS-STING pathway.

• First exclusive review on MOXEN hybrids for asymmetric supercapacitors • Evaluates synthesis methods, electrode architecture, and electrochemical performance • Highlights interfacial engineering and charge transport in hybrid systems • Identifies key challenges like scalability, phase stability, and electrolyte compatibility • Provides future research directions for commercial realization of MOXEN-ASCs Pseudocapacitive MOXENs-hybrid nanostructures integrating MXenes with transition metal oxides-represent a next-generation class of electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). By combining the metallic conductivity and surface tunability of MXenes with the rich redox activity of metal oxides, these hybrids deliver remarkable improvements in energy density, power capability, and cycling stability. Despite these advantages, practical translation is constrained by challenges such as phase instability, interfacial incompatibility with electrolytes, and the lack of scalable, environmentally benign synthesis routes. This review systematically consolidates the progress in MOXEN-based ASCs, highlighting advances in synthetic methodologies, electrode design, device architectures, and electrochemical performance metrics. Particular attention is given to emerging strategies-including hetero interface engineering, defect modulation, and layered assembly—that enhance charge storage kinetics and long-term durability. The novelty of this work lies in providing the first unified perspective on the synergistic interactions between MXenes and transition metal oxides in asymmetric configurations, an area thus far underexplored. By critically assessing current progress and pinpointing key limitations, this review establishes a roadmap for the rational design, scalable fabrication, and eventual commercialization of high-performance MOXEN-based energy storage technologies.

Worldwide, melanoma remains a significant public health concern, with an estimated 325,000 new cases and 57,000 deaths recorded in 2020. If current trends persist, these figures are projected to rise to 510,000 new cases and 96,000 deaths annually by 2040, a 50% and 68% increase, respectively. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, there remains an urgent need for novel, selective treatments-particularly potential low cost oral treatments in low and middle income countries. Thiosemicarbazone (TSC) derivatives, particularly those incorporating ONS (ONS, first generation) and NNS (NNS, second generation) donor motifs, have emerged as promising candidates for melanoma therapy. This review traces the evolution of TSCs from early-stage compounds to more advanced analogs, emphasizing how structural refinements have enhanced their anticancer potency and selectivity. Classical thiosemicarbazones such as Triapine and Dp44mT display multifaceted mechanisms of action, including potent metal ion chelation, inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), and the induction of oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The redox activity of their metal complexes facilitates ROS accumulation, which contributes to apoptosis in melanoma cells, that often exhibit elevated basal oxidative stress. Preclinical studies demonstrate strong cytotoxicity and some tumor selectivity for these agents, though clinical translation remains limited. The ongoing development of thiosemicarbazone-based therapeutics continues to offer promise for more effective and selective melanoma treatment strategies.

Sm-modified MnOx catalyst enables enhanced low-temperature toluene oxidation: Synergistic dual oxygen reservoir and Sm-O-Mn structures.

Cadmium (Cd) is a biopersistent metal causing cancer and toxicity in several human tissues. Cd(II) lacks DNA binding or direct redox activity and its toxicity may result from protein damage. However, it is unclear what proteins are preferentially damaged by Cd(II) and whether global or protein-specific damage underlies its main pathologies. We examined the origin and toxicological significance of the global proteotoxic stress induced by Cd(II) in human lung and kidney cells, including primary renal proximal tubule cells. In all cells, low doses of Cd(II) induced proteolytic K48-polyubiquitination and insolubility (denaturation) of proteins. Ubiquitination-inactive cells showed hyperaccumulation of Cd-denatured proteins and transient suppression of ubiquitination or proteasome activity severely impaired cell viability at otherwise nontoxic doses of Cd. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system after Cd(II) treatments was also detrimental to cell viability, indicating ongoing protein damage. Newly synthesized polypeptides were the main source of Cd(II)-denatured proteins and inhibition of translation prevented the formation of cytosolic aggresomes with amyloid-like structures. Short-lived transcription (p53, c-MYC) or antiapoptotic (MCL1) factors were especially sensitive to unfolding/denaturation by Cd(II). Activation of integrated stress response by Cd(II) increased cell survival and lowered the burden of structurally damaged proteins although to a lesser extent than proteasome activity. Our findings identified newly synthesized proteins as the major target of toxic damage by Cd(II) in kidney proximal tubule and other cells and revealed a high vulnerability of short-lived proteins. Ubiquitin-proteasome system was critically important for removal of damaged proteins and Cd(II) tolerance by human cells.

The integration of Mn and Co redox couples endowed MnCo2O4-modified electrochemical sensing platform for ultrasensitive detection of Carbendazim residue in fruit and vegetable samples.

Recently discovered cathode materials with antiperovskite (AP) structure have shown a promising performance in Li-ion batteries. However, their applicability in other battery chemistries have not been well explored. In this work, an AP-based cathode material, Li2FeSeO, was systematically studied for application in Na-ion batteries (NIBs). Delithiated Li0.8FeSeO was used as a precursor for preparing an Na-ion analog. The electrochemical characterization of Na-based AP cathode revealed a reversible galvanostatic cycling behavior with an initial capacity of 129 mA g-1 and a capacity retention of 57% after 200 cycles when cycled at a current density of 10 mA g-1. Up to 0.75 Na+ can be reversibly inserted into the AP framework. Synchrotron operando and ex situ X-ray studies revealed a working mechanism based on a dual redox behavior including both Fe and Se, with Se being the main redox actor. The (de)sodiation capacity below expected value is possibly attributed to the formation of a core-shell structure formed due to kinetic limitation of Na+ diffusion into bulk structure, thus preventing a full utilization of the available redox activity. These findings establish AP cathodes as viable candidates for NIBs and provide mechanistic insights that can guide their future structural optimization.

Bacterial-infected wounds pose substantial therapeutic challenges due to persistent infection, sustained inflammation, and a hypoxic microenvironment. Photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy are promising nonantibiotic approaches for bacterial eradication; however, their effectiveness is often limited by restricted oxygen availability in the tissue microenvironment and uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a nanozyme hydrogel was developed using a metal-organic framework (PCN-224) that combines CuS-mediated photothermal effects with Fe-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4-Fe) redox activity for near-infrared (NIR)-activated targeted therapy. The metal-organic framework integrates photothermal, photodynamic, and nanozyme redox mechanisms to modulate ROS in hypoxic environments. This injectable, self-healing hydrogel conforms to wound surfaces, adheres to tissue, and remains localized at the injury site, enabling precise therapy upon NIR irradiation. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the integrated photothermal, photodynamic, and nanozyme redox activities reduce bacterial load, attenuate inflammation, and restore oxidative balance in wounds. As a result, hydrogel promotes granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and skin regeneration in infected wound models.

Mn-based Li-rich cation-disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials have emerged as a promising alternative to Ni-rich layered transition-metal oxides thanks to their high energy density and their potentially lower cost. However, their operation at high voltages, up to 4.8 V vs Li/Li+, is required to activate oxygen redox and access high capacities, accelerating the electrolyte and the full system degradation. Here we address this voltage-driven instability by screening electrolyte additives in conventional carbonate-based electrolytes using the model DRX compound Li2MnO2F (LMOF). Among the tested additives, tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPI) stands out, improving capacity retention by 60% relative to the baseline after 80 cycles and nearly doubling the discharge rate capability at 5C (170 vs 90 mAh·g-1). The beneficial effect of TMSPI is further validated in LMOF//graphite full cells, showing a satisfactory capacity (220 mAh·g-1) and cycling stability. The mode of action of TMSPI was elucidated through a multitechnique investigation combining operando online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS), electrochemical characterization, and post-mortem analyses. TMSPI enhances the electrochemical performance by mitigating manganese cation dissolution, preserving mechanical integrity of the electrode through the suppression of aluminum current collector corrosion and limiting impedance growth at the positive electrode interface. OEMS experiments further reveal that extensive gas evolution occurs concomitantly with oxygen redox activity, linking electrolyte degradation to oxygen release from the material. Although TMSPI does not suppress outgassing, it effectively mitigates the formation of acidic species through scavenging of protons, water, and fluoride ions, leading to the formation of silane derivatives such as (CH3)3SiF, (CH3)2SiF2, and SiF4. This work demonstrates that electrolyte engineering through rational additive design offers a simple yet scalable route to significantly improve the performance of high-voltage DRX positive electrodes.