Red Currant Research Articles

DESICCATION OF CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRY BRANCHES CAUSED BY FUNGI OF THE GENUS CYTOSPORA IN CENTRAL RUSSIA

Research carried out in 2019-2020 in four regions of central Russia, showed that three species of fungi from the genus Cytospora (Cytospora ambiens, C. grossularia and C. ribes) are found on the desiccating branches of black currants, red currants, golden currants, and gooseberries. In the Moscow region, two species have been marked: C. grossularia and C. ribes. The species Cytospora ribes was the most widespread. In the Yaroslavl region, 3 species of the genus Cytospora were mentioned on black currants, red currants, and gooseberries, these are Cytospora ambiens, C. grossularia and C. ribes. The fungus C. ambiens on red currants was found twice as often (33.3 %) than C. ribes (16.7 %). In the Bryansk region, the fungus Cytospora ambiens was revealed from the desiccated branches of black currant. The fungus Cytospora ribes was identified from plant samples of black currants taken at the Fruit station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Moscow), and from the gooseberry C. grossularia. Currant infect ability records of currants and gooseberry to cytosporous desiccation showed that the most affected by Cytospora spp. there was golden currant with an average score of 1.32, and gooseberries were the least affected crop with an average score of 0.32.

Evaluation of the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical compositions of introduced red currant cultivars and Russian breeding genotypes in temperate continental climate

Abstract The aim of the work was to study the growth, drought tolerance and biochemical characteristics of introduced cultivars (‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and ‘Viksne’) and some selected Russian cultivars and red currant genotypes (‘Shchedraya’, ‘Natali’, 129-21-61, 111-19-81, 261-65-19 and 271-58-24). The studies were conducted between 2014 and 2018 under temperate continental climate conditions. The intensity of transpiration was determined by using a torsion balance. The soluble solid concentration (SSS – % Brix) of the fruits was determined by using a digital refractomer. The content of the sum of sugars was determined by the weight method according to Bertrand's method. Ascorbic acid content was then determined by the iodometric method. The total phenolic content was determined by a colourimetric method. Climatic conditions were found to have significant influence on the disease severity of the red currant genotypes, while the infections caused by Sphaerotheca mors-uvae increased in optimum seasons and damages caused by Pseudopeziza ribis increased in drought seasons. None of the selected genotypes was found to be resistant to any of the diseases/pests, but ‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Hollandische Rote’ and 111-19-81 were less affected by these diseases/pests. Weight, yield and raceme length of berries and the number of berries in a raceme were found to be higher in optimum seasons, and different cultivars/genotypes had superior characteristics for different parameters. The highest berry weight was observed in the 261-65-19 genotype (0.65 g), while the highest yield was noted in ‘Hollandische Rote’ (15.6 t · ha−1). It was also found that the water content of leaves and transpiration have a strong positive relationship with soil moisture at a depth of 0–200 mm but a week correlation with soil moisture at a depth of 200–400 mm. Results also showed that the transpiration of leaves decreases in later developmental stages (July). Hierarchical clustering suggested four clusters: the introduced cultivars produced one cluster, Russian cultivars are another cluster, 261-65-19, 111-19-81 and 129-21-61 genotypes make up a third cluster and the 271-58-24 genotype (superior in terms of phenolic contents) forms the fourth cluster.

Basic Chemical Composition and Concentration of Selected Bioactive Compounds in Leaves of Black, Red and White Currant

The aim of this study was to determine the basic chemical composition, the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in currant leaves. The leaves of black, red and white currant shrubs were collected in May, and in the beginning of June, July and August, for two years between 2018 and 2019. The proximate analysis, including dry matter, protein, fat, ash and total carbohydrates, was determined. In addition, the content of the polyphenols and the total antioxidant activity using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays were conducted. The highest concentration of protein was detected in the whitecurrant leaves harvested in May in both years, while the highest content of crude fat was found in the blackcurrant leaves harvested in both years, with the exception of the August harvest. Extracts from the blackcurrant leaves collected in June/July 2019 had the highest antioxidant activity that was measured by the ABTS method (about 7000 µmol Trolox/g DM) and confirmed by other methods, while extracts from the whitecurrant leaves produced from the August 2018 collection had the lowest antioxidant activity (1884 µmol Trolox/g DM). Currant leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds and contain higher amounts of polyphenols as compared with currant fruits. These compounds may play a very important role in the risk reduction and even prevention of the most chronic non-communicable diseases. Therefore, further research is needed to identify currant leaves as a source of bioactives for functional foods and natural health products. The highest antioxidant activity was in the redcurrant leaves from all the harvest times in 2018 as measured by the ABTS and FRAP methods. On the contrary, blackcurrant leaves from all the harvest times in 2019 had the highest antioxidant activity.

Agrometeorological and Morpho-Physiological Studies of the Response of Red Currant to Abiotic Stresses

The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of climatic adaptation of red currant genotypes (Ribes rubrum L.) on the basis of physiological, biochemical and agrometeorological measurements and to determine the different phenophases of plant development identify adaptive genotypes for introduction. The studies were carried out in 2014–2017. The indicators of the water status of annual shoots (water content, water retention capacity), the biochemical composition of berries (vitamin C) and phenological observations were evaluated, taking into account meteorological data. The genotypes of R. petraeum Wulf. and R. multiflorum Kit. had the longest production period. Ambiguous data on the influence of temperature on the content of ascorbic acid in berries were revealed. High temperatures (>+26 °C) contributed to a greater accumulation of ascorbic acid in the cultivars of R. vulgare Lam. High accumulations of vitamin C in the range of +25–27 °C were found in R. petraeum Wulf. and R. multiflorum Kit.. High water content and water loss contributed to early recovery from the dormant state and reduced resistance to spring temperature changes in R. vulgare Lam. Genotypes of R. vulgare Lam., and R. multiflorum Kit. are promising for growing in a zone with a temperate continental climate. The genotypes of the species R. petraeum Wulf are suitable for introduction to the areas with a continental climate. The obtained results are important for adaptive gardening.

Effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma processing on quality and shelf life of red currants

Red currants, berries usually consumed fresh, are prone to fast quality deterioration, due to microbial spoilage. This study evaluates diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge cold atmospheric pressure plasma (DCSBD CAPP) treatment as a potential decontamination technique for red currants and investigates its effects on microbial load and quality. Red currants were treated with air- and nitrogen-generated CAPP for 0, 5, and 10 min and stored for 10 d at 7 °C. The microbial load and physicochemical quality parameters were measured before and after treatment and during storage. Air-generated CAPP reduced yeasts and moulds load up to 1.28 log CFU g−1, whereas nitrogen-generated CAPP had a significant effect on aerobic mesophilic total viable count (initial reduction of 1.11 log CFU g−1) and not on yeasts and moulds load. Both treatments did not have significant impact on most quality parameters. Results indicated that CAPP could be an effective decontamination technique for red currants, which also ensures the preservation of their antioxidant properties and high nutritional value during storage.

Phytosterols Deficiency in a Diet of Young People: Results of the Nutritional Assessment

Abstract Objectives Phytosterols are important biologically active components of the human diet, preventing dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular pathologies. This study was designed with two aims: (a) To assess the level of phytosterols intake; (b) To describe which food sources make the largest contribution to phytosterols intake. Methods The level of consumed phytosterols and their main food sources were assessed using the 24-hour recall method using the database the national Institute of health and social security of Finland (Fineli). A survey was conducted among 125 students aged 17 to 29 years. The average age of students was 22.38 ± 1.73 years, and included 94 females and 31 males. Results None of the respondents reached the recommended phytosterols level (300 mg/day), although 97.6% of them included various sources of phytosterols in a diet. Only for 8.8% of participants intake of phytosterols was more than half the recommended level (153.54–249.96 mg/day). The main sources of phytosterols in this group were: onions – 72.7% of respondents included it's in their diet, sunflower oil and fresh tomatoes – 63.6%, potatoes – 54.5%, fresh cucumbers – 45.4%, apples and white cabbage 36.3%, tomato paste 27.2%, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, parsley, beets – 18.8%, corn and olive oils, sauerkraut, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, beans, avocado, kiwi – 9.09%. For 88.8% of participants, dietary phytosterols intake was less than half the recommended level (2.13–146.39 mg/day). In this group, the main sources of phytosterols were: sunflower oil – 52.5%, potatoes – 46.8%, onions – 43.2%, fresh tomatoes – 36.9%, fresh cucumbers – 34.2%, fresh apples – 29.7%, bananas – 20.7%, white cabbage and sauerkraut – 17.1%, sweet red pepper – 13.5%, fresh and canned peas – 11.7%, parsley and dill – 10.8%, Chinese cabbage, beets and olive oil – 8.1%, oranges, green onions and beans – 5.4%. The students did not include phytosterols-rich foods in their diet: green grapes, black and red currants, blueberries, cranberries, and raspberries. Conclusions Obviously, in order to achieve the optimal level of phytosterols in the diet, it is not enough to use their sources with low and medium phytosterols content. It is necessary to include in the diet either foods enriched with them, or selectively foods with their high content. Funding Sources No funding.

Genetic Differentiation in Anthocyanin Content among Berry Fruits.

Anthocyanins are widely distributed secondary metabolites that play an essential role in skin pigmentation of many plant organs and microorganisms. Anthocyanins have been associated with a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. They are also effective agents in the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Berries are particularly abundant in these compounds; therefore, their dietary intake has health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the anthocyanin content in selected species and cultivars of berry fruits, such as raspberry, blackberry, red currant, blackcurrant, and highbush blueberry, widely consumed by Europeans. The concentrations of anthocyanins were determined by HPLC, identifying individual compounds: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, and malvidin-3-O-galactoside. The experimental data showed that the selected species and cultivars of berry fruits differ significantly in the contents of anthocyanins. Among all species tested, blackberry and blackcurrant were characterized significantly by the highest content of anthocyanins (sum), while the lowest content was found in red currant fruits. Additionally, the content of individual anthocyanin compounds in particular species and cultivars was also different. Considering the high content of anthocyanins and their potential positive impact on human health and protection against disease, berries should be part of healthy nutrition.

A 5-year retrospective evaluation of invagination cases: A single-centre experience

BackgroundInvagination is a type of strangulation in which blood vessels in the mesentery of proximal intestine enter the distal intestine (intussusception) trapped between the two intestinal walls to allow necrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of invagination cases based on demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, type of invagination, management, and outcomes. MethodsThis study was a retrospective study conducted at our institution based on the medical Records section by collecting data on invagination patient within 2013–2017. ResultsThere are 37 cases were obtained, 33 cases of which performed surgery. The average incidence is 6.6 cases per year. The distribution of invagination cases by age group was highest in the age range of 0–6 months by 11 cases (33.3%). Based on sex, most of the males with 24 cases (72.7%), the most predisposing factor is diarrhea with 18 cases (54.5%). Based on the chief complaint, the most complaint is the red currant jelly stool which was 17 cases (45.4%), the duration of the incident until the patient gets treat, the most at 3 days with 9 cases (27.2%). Based on the type of invagination the most was ileocolic, which was 15 cases (45.4%), the most type of treatment was anastomose resection, which was 21 cases (63.6%). And based on the surgery results of 33 invaginated patients, the most were 27 cases (81.8%) patients alive (cured). ConclusionInvagination is predominant in male, with the most predisposing factor is diarrhea, and the main complaint is the presence of red currant jelly stool. There were excellent or good surgical outcomes in 27 patients.

Application of Red Currant Berries as a Basis of Food Ice

Application of Red Currant Berries as a Basis of Food Ice

L’invaginazione ileocolica

Ileo-colic intussusception is a major cause of intestinal obstruction in early childhood. Diagnosis of this condition might be hampered by variability in clinical presentation. Indeed, the so-called “classic” symptoms, namely abdominal pain, red currant jelly stool, vomiting and palpable mass, may not be present. Nevertheless, prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent bowel perforation or necrosis and peritonitis. Pneumatic reduction of intussusception with an air enema is the usual treatment. The aim of this study is to highlight the main clinical features of ileo-colic intussusception and its management.

Qualitative indicators of redcurrant varieties (Ribes rubrum L.) selected by the Professor V.L. Symyrenko Department of Horticulture of NULES of Ukraine

This study presents the findings on the qualitative indicators of seven varieties of redcurrant (Ribes rubrum L.), five of which are selected by the Professor V.L. Symyrenko Department of Horticulture of NULES of Ukraine. The largest average weight of berries had the varieties 'Buzhanska' (0.58 g) and 'Polyana Holosiivska' (0.59 g). These varieties also stand out among others in terms of maximum berry weight. In certain years of research, the fruits of 'Buzhanska' weighed 1.05 g. The 'Lebidka' variety had the largest cluster weight (6.98 g) due to the large number of berries in it (17 pcs.). The uniformity of berries in the cluster of the studied varieties is average (from 63 to 73% depending on the variety). The highest yields per bush were achieved by 'Buzhanska' (4.20 kg/bush), 'Kyianochka' (4.42 kg/bush) and 'Polyana Holosiivska' (4.0 kg/bush). The varieties 'Jonkheer van Tets' (c.), 'Polyana Holosiivska', 'Buzhanska' and 'Snizhanka' are rich in vitamin C. The highest dry soluble solids content was found in the 'Lebidka' variety (12.94%). The most sugars in the fruit were accumulated by the varieties 'Snizhanka' (5.40%), 'Buzhanska' (5.23%) and 'Malva' (5.13%). The white-fruited varieties 'Snizhanka' and 'Lebidka' are particularly notable for their dessert flavour, as they have the best sugar to total acidity ratio (TAR) among the varieties studied – 4 and 3, respectively, and the highest flavour score (9 points)

The use of the ‘Heinemanns Rote Spatlese' variety as the initial form in the Ribes rubrum selection

Red currant is a valuable berry crop. The assortment is improved through the selection of new varieties. In the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (Russia), breeding work for red currant has been carried out since 1984. The ‘Heinemanns Rote Spatlese’ variety, selected in Germany in 1942 by crossing the Prince Albert variety with Andenken an Lorgus (type of multiflowered currant - Ribes multiflorum Kit. ex Schult.), was widely used as the initial form in crosses. The greatest breeding value was shown by the family 'Rote Spatlese'×'Jonkheer van Tets’, from which 7 varieties of red currant were obtained: Asora, Valentinovka, Dana, Dar Orla, Ogonyok, Orlovchanka, Podarok Leta. The combinations in which 2 varieties were selected were also effective: 'Rote Spatlese‘×'Red Lake' - Bayana (white-fruited), Selyanochka; 'Rote Spatlese'×'Minnesota’ – Osipovskaya, Orlovskaya Zvezda; 'Rote Spatlese'×'Maarse's Prominent' - Marmeladnitsa, Ustina. The research results show that the cultivar ‘Rote Spatlese ' is a valuable initial form in red currant selection for late ripening, long-raceme, high productivity. Based on the ‘Rote Spatlese’ genotype, VNIISPK has created 13 late-maturing, high-yielding varieties of red currant, 9 of them are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Russian Federation.

Use of SSR markers to study genetic polymorphism in members of the Ribes L. genus from the VNIISPK collection

This study was the first time in Russia to carry out a large-scale (127 samples) assessment of the diverse gene pool of black currant and red currant, the study of intervarietal polymorphism between varieties of the Ribes L. genus from the VNIISPK collection. A cluster analysis of the genetic similarity of black currant varieties (53 varieties), red currant (73 varieties) and one gooseberry variety was performed using 14 SSR markers. Based on the data obtained, a dendrogram was built, in which a number of clusters with high bootstrap support (BS, %) were distinguished. At BS>50%, the coefficients of pairwise genetic similarity between varieties varied from 0.4 to 0.91. The studied representatives of the Ribes genus merged into two main clusters of red currant and black currant. The blackcurrant cluster was joined by gooseberries. The SSR analysis method allows to reveal broad perspectives in the field of identifying varieties affiliation to species.

Qualitative properties of cookies enriched with berries pomace

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative properties of cookies with the addition of raspberry, red currants and strawberry pomace flour. Cookies were prepared by substitution of wheat flour with berry pomace flour (10%, 15% and 20%) and evaluated in terms of their proximate composition, physical characteristics, and functional and sensory properties. Berry pomace-supplemented cookies had significantly higher dietary fibre content and different fibre fractions NDF (neutral detergent fibre), ADF (acid detergent fibre), MADF (insoluble fibre fraction of modified acid detergent solution) as well as WSCs (water soluble carbohydrates) content. Correlation analysis results showed that cookie hardness was significantly correlated with dietary fibre content. The raspberry, red currant and strawberry flours contained 49.88%, 33.13% and 24.25% of dietary fibre, respectively. The colour of the cookies was measured using a Color Flex spectrophotometer. The average L*, a*, and b* values ranged from 37.35 to 68.29, from 7.08 to 13.18, and from 20.12 to 34.73, respectively.

Comprehensive assessment of red currant varieties in Altai

Red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) is a berry crop promising for cultivation in Siberia. The purpose of the work was to study the elements of productivity and biochemical composition of fruits in 17 varieties of R. rubrum of various origins of the VNIISPK breeding. This article presents the results of the study of red currant varieties selected by VNIISPK in the Altai. Most varieties are highly resistant to gall aphids, with the exception of ‘Valentinovka’, ‘Orlovskaya Zvezda’ and ‘Orlovchanka’ - in some years, their damage was noted to a very weak degree. As sources of valuable biochemistry, the following varieties were identified: with a high content of soluble dry substances - Asya, Bayana, Vika, Dar Orla, Marmeladnitsa, Osipovskaya; sugar - Asya, Bayana, Roza; vitamin C - Asora, Asya, Protein, Vika, Marmeladnitsa, sugar-acid index - Asora, Orlovchanka, Roza. The varieties Asora, Asya, Bayana, Valentinovka, Vika, Dana, Dar Orla, Marmeladnitsa, Orlovskaya Zvezda, Orlovchanka, Osipovskaya, and Roza were identified according to the complex of economically useful traits (yield, large-fruited, biochemical composition, resistance to harmful organisms), which can be recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the Altai Ob region.

Якісні характеристики сортів порічок червоних (Ribes Rubrum l.) селекції кафедри садівництва ім. проф. В. Л. Симиренка НУБіП України

The results of research on the quality of seven varieties of red currants (Ribes rubrum L.), five of which are created by the Department of Horticulture named after prof. V.L. Symyrenko NULES of Ukraine.

Changes in analytical characteristics of pectic substances when freezing berries

Pectin substances are valuable components of plant cells. They have properties that allow them to be used in various industries - water retaining, gel-forming and complexing abilities. The most important property that has a positive impact on human health is the complexing ability. It is the property of pectin substances to bind heavy and toxic metals, radioactive nuclides, free radicals and other toxins in insoluble complexes and remove them from the human body. Due to their complexing ability pectin substances are used in medicines aimed at reducing cholesterol in the body, prolonging the effect of drugs, reducing the body’s allergic reactions to various substances. This property depends on the analytical characteristics of pectin substances and may vary depending on the type of raw material and the method of its processing. Currently, freezing is commonly used to preserve various types of fruits and berries, especially perishable ones. There are data in the literature about changes of pectin substances in various plant raw materials, but there are not enough data about changes of analytical characteristics of pectin substances during freezing and storage and their influence on the complexing ability. The article presents a study of the analytical characteristics of pectin substances contained in red and black currant berries during the process of their freezing and storage at low temperatures. Studies on their influence on the change in the complexing ability are presented.

The influence of red currant berries pretreatment on phytoingredients extraction and juice complexing properties

The influence of red currant berries pretreatment on phytoingredients extraction and juice complexing properties

Analysis of the influence of low temperature on the change of physicochemical parameters of fruit and berry raw materials during storage

A modern postulate of a healthy lifestyle is consuming products with a high content of natural physiologically valuable ingredients. These types of products include fruits and berries. However, the seasonality of their production makes it necessary to search for effective conservation methods that will not significantly change the physicochemical parameters. Considering that the most popular and advanced method is shock freezing, we have analyzed the influence of low temperatures on the quality characteristics of fruit and berry raw materials and the fractional composition of pectic substances. Due to the pluripotential properties, pectic substances determine the functional value of raw materials. As the research object we have chosen winter apple varieties such as Rennet Simirenko, Gloster, Granny Smith, Korey; stone fruits – cherry varieties such as Podbelskaya, Lyubskaya; cherry plum varieties such as Desertnaya and Kremen; berries - red currant varieties such as Natali and Nenaglyadnaya, black currant varieties such as Pamyat Lisavenko and Orloviya. The varieties of fruits and berries were chosen based on their regional prevalence in southern Russia. It has been established that the low-temperature storage of frozen fruit and berry raw materials decreases the weight ratio of dry solids (1.2 - 4.0%), sugars (4.0 - 9.0%) and pectic substances (4.8 - 24.9%). The titratable acid content increases. According to our findings, the fractional composition of pectic substances changed during low-temperature storage of berries, pomiferous and stone fruits. The fractional redistribution was presented in the form of reduction of protopectin and increase of soluble pectin in all studied berry samples. According to the research results, the functional properties are best preserved in berry raw materials.

Physical and mechanical properties of berries and biological features of red currant growth for mechanized harvesting

The physical and mechanical parameters of berries and the morphometric features of the structure of the bush growth habit are important criteria in predicting the use of berry harvesting equipment. In this research, six red currant cultivars have been studied. The berry separation force, the crushing force, and the strength of attachment of the berries to the stalk were assigned to the physical and mechanical parameters and were determined using the "PLODTEST-1" and "Dina-2" devices (Russia). For the optimal operation of the berry harvester, the crushing force of the berries must be more than 2 N, the berry separation force must be in the range of 0.5–1.5 N. A high correlation between the separation and crushing forces was determined (R = 0.71). During the period of technical maturity, the strength of the attachment of the berries in the raceme was more than 0.5 N and, by the end of maturation, this indicator decreased. Most of the studied cultivars have a compact, optimal bush volume. The red currant cultivars Niva, Asya and Vika are promising for mechanised harvesting.