Red Betel Research Articles

PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN LOGAM ESENSIAL (Fe, Zn DAN Cu) DALAM DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum) SEGAR, AIR REBUSAN DAN AIR SEDUHANNYA DENGAN METODE SPEKTROSKOPI SERAPAN ATOM(SSA)

Vol 7 No 2ABSTRACTDetermination of essential metals (Fe, Zn and Cu) in red betel leaf has been carried out by usingAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Fresh and dry red betel leaf extracted in 75 mLby boiled and brewed distilled water for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. In the fresh red betel leafmetal content (Fe, Zn and Cu) were 0,3257 %, 0,173 % and 0,0278 % and the highest metalcontent (Fe, Zn and Cu) found in dry red betel leaf which were boiled for 20 minutes with theconcentration 0,0539 %, 0,0305 % and 0,0128 %. Red betel leaf is a source of essential metalsneeded by the body.Keywords: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum),decoction water, steeping water, Fe, Zn and Cu

Myanmar: An Endemic Country for Oral Cancer.

Myanmar: An Endemic Country for Oral Cancer.

<i>In vivo</i> immunomodulatory effect and histopathological features of mouse liver and kidney treated with neolignans isolated from red betel (<i>Piper crocatum</i> Ruiz & Pav) leaf

Purpose: To investigate in vivo immunomodulatoryeffect and histopathological feature of mouse liver and kidney following treatment with 2 neolignans (Pc-1 and Pc-2) isolated from red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) leaf. Methods: Balb/c mice immune response was induced with Listeria monocytogenes. Immunomodulatory effect was tested by using macrophage phagocytic, nitric oxide, and lymphocyte proliferation assays. The morphological features of liver and kidney were observed with light microscope and then compared with the liver and kidney of control group. Results: At the dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight, both Pc-1 and Pc-2 significantly increased the activity and the capacity of macrophages (p < 0.05). Both Pc-1 and Pc-2 significantly increased phagocytic activity of macrophage by 25% and 23%, respectively, and phagocytic index to 38 and 52, respectively at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Increases in nitric oxide production due to Pc-1 and Pc2 (at doses of 2.5, 5, and, 10 mg/kg body weight) were also observed although no lymphocyte proliferation effect was observed. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney of mice given Pc-1 demonstrated normal features. On the other hand, hydropic degeneration and liver necrosis were seen in mice given Pc-2 treatment. Based on this result and the structure similarity of the two compounds (Pc-1 and Pc-2), an interesting presumption was made that the ‐OH functional group (Pc-2) was responsible for the toxicity that caused liver damage. Conclusion : The two neolignans (Pc-1 and Pc-2) isolated from the leaves of P. crocatum Ruiz & Pav. are capable of increasing macrophage phagocytosis as well as nitric oxide production but not lymphocyte proliferation. Histophatological features of liver given Pc-2 demonstrate hydropic degeneration and necrosis, possibly due to the ‐OH group on Pc-2.

PENGARUH REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crotatum) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

ABSTRACT Since a hundreds of years ago Red Betel Leaf (Piper crotatum) has been known in Indonesia as traditional medicine. Red betel Leaf contains chemical agents as such as flavonoid, polevenoland, karvakro that has antibacterial, antioxidant, antiseptic, and anti inflamatory, and essential oil that can reduce pain in the periodontal tissues. Purpose of the study is to the termine the inhibition effect of red betel leaf against Staphylococcus aureus growth. This study using quasi experiment because had no control group or comparison group. Design of study is with a random sample which boil the number of Red Betel Leaf and devide into there concentration of 20%, 25% and 30%.Study result of the showed that there is an influence of the concentration of red betel leaf as staphylococcus aureus growth resistor. Red betel leaf decoction has and influence on the concentration of the staphylococcus aureus with 20%, of the average total inhibition of 10.3mm, a concentration of 25% of the average total inhibition of 12.5mm. Red betel leaf concentration of 30% is the concentration of the most inflential in inhibiting staphylococcus aureus, as it shows the avarage total bacterial inhibition that most other concentration. Key words : Red Betel Leaf (Piper crotatum), Staphylococcus aureus

Cytotoxic Activities of Fractions and Two Isolated Compounds from Sirih Merah (Indonesian red betel), Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.

Cytotoxic Cytotoxic activity investigation using brine shrimp lethality test on fractions based on polarity of solvents have been done. Inhibition concentration values of three fractions of methanolic extract of sirih merah (Indonesian red betel), Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav., showed IC50 values of 2.04; 1.34 and 2.08μg/mL in n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions, respectively. These results reveal that this plant is potential as antitumoral agent and also has a potential to be a candidate for the further investigation of cytotoxic compounds. Two isolated compounds, identified as β-sitosterol and 2-(5’,6’-dimethoxy-3’,4’-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-(3”,4”,5”-trimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0]octane have been isolated from this plant. Characterization of these compounds was carried out based on the NMR data and comparison with data from literature.

EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU DAN MERAH SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MINYAK KELAPA

Extraction is the separation of a substance from the mixture, with the distribution of a solute between two solvents which can not be mixed to fetch solute from one solvent to another solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity found in betel leaf extract for coconut oil numbers peroxide analysis, antioxidant resistance, with Lovibond color test and to found variations in betel leaf types that produce the optimum operating conditions of antioxidants. In this study, green and red betel leaves extracted by using ethanol solvent, the extract is added to coconut oil and then tested peroxide number and color levels. The results obtained in this study were able to lower the number of betel leaves peroxide by 55.13% with the best optimum condition; volume of 150 ml of solvent, extraction time of 75 minutes, and stirring speed of 300 rpm for the raw material powder of red betel leaf.

Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper rocatum) Terhadap Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila Secara In Vitro &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;[ Effectines Of Leaves Extracts Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Againts Of Bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila In Vitro ]&lt;i&gt;

Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a motile Aeromonas bacteria that cause Septicemia (MAS) or the disease kwon as red spots (Plumb, 1994). These bacteria attack the various types of freshwater fish such as African catfish, carp and prawns. Treatment of MAS is still a lot of use antibiotics, whereas antibiotic a lot side effects. This study tries for find an alternative use antibacterial substances using natural chemicals derived from medicinal plants of leaves extracs red betel (P. crocatum) which is antibacterial is a volatile oil, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of leaves extracts red betel (P. crocatum) against of bacteria A. hydrophila. The research was conducted on July-August 2011, at the faculty of veterinary medicine, Airlangga University and Organic Chemistry Laboratory Faculty Of science and Technology Airlangga University. The method used in this study is an experimental method, using completely randomized design (RAL) with 11 treatments and three replications. Variables observed in this study is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of leaves extracts red betel (P. crocatum). The observations were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANAVA). The results showed that extracts leaves red betel (P. crocatum) has efficacy against the bacteria A. hydrophila in vitro. Based on the results of MIC testing, leaves exracts of red betel (P. crocatum) inhibits growth of bacteria A. hydrophila at a concentration of 12,5% and based on test results of MBC, leaves extracs of red betel (P. crocatum) effectively kills the bacteria A. hydrophila at a concentration of 25%. It can be concluded that the concentration of antibacterial substances contained in red betel able to inhibit and kill bacteria A. hydrophila. This study recommends further to determine the effects of leaves extracts red betel (P. crocatum) A. hydrophila against bacteria in vitro, so that can know the effectiveness of leaves effects of leaves extracts red betel (P. crocatum) in suppressing populations of bacteria A. hydrophila

The effective concentration of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) infusion as root canal irrigant solution

Background: Smear layer is a debris consisting of organic and inorganic particles of calcified tissue, necrotic tissue, pulp tissue, and dentinoblast and microorganism processes that can close the entrance to the dentin tubuli. Smear layer, will not only inhibit the penetration of disinfection materials and sealers to the dentin tubuli, but will also reduce the attachment of root canal filling material so that root canal irrigation solution is needed to dissolve the smear layer. Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) infusion, on the other hand, contains saponin characterized as “surfactants” which can dissolve smear layer. Nevertheless, the effective concentration of the red betel leaf infusion has still not been known clearly. Purpose: This study is aimed to determine the effective concentration of the red betel leaf infusion for cleaning root canal walls from smear layer. Methods: Fiveteen extracted human teeth with straight single roots were randomized into 5 groups (n=3). The specimens were then shaped by using rotary instruments up to a size of 25/.07. During instrumentation, each canal was irrigated with 10, 20, 30 and, 40% red betel leaf infusion for treatment groups, while another was irrigated with aquadest for the control group. Root canal cleanliness was observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: There were significant differences among treatment groups (p&lt;0.05), except in the treatment groups irrigated with red betel leaf infusion with concentrations of 30% and 40% (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that red betel leaf infusion with a concentration of 30% is effective for cleaning the root canal walls from the smear layer.Latar belakang: Smear layer adalah suatu debris yang mengandung partikel organik dan anorganik dari jaringan terkalsifikasi, jaringan nekrotik, proses dentinoblas, jaringan pulpa dan mikroorganisme yang dapat menutup jalan masuk ke tubuli dentin. Smear layer akan menghalangi penetrasi dari bahan disinfeksi dan sealer terhadap tubuli dentin dan mengurangi perlekatan bahan pengisi saluran akar, sehingga dibutuhkan larutan irigasi yang dapat membuang smear layer tersebut. Infusa daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) mengandung saponin yang dikarakteristikkan sebagai surfaktan yang dapat melarutkan smear layer, tetapi sampai sekarang belum ada penelitian tentang hal tersebut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi efektif daya pembersih infusa daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) dapat membersihkan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer. Metode: 15 gigi premolar bawah manusia yang mempunyai akar lurus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok secara acak (n=3). Gigi dipreparasi menggunakan rotary instrumen sampai Protaper F2 (30/0.02). Selama instrumentasi, dilakukan irigasi dengan infusa daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) dan konsentrasi 10, 20, 30, 40% dan diirigasi aquadest untuk grup kontrol. Setelah itu kebersihan dinding saluran akar diperiksa dengan menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikanantara masing-masing kelompok (p&lt;0,05), kecuali kelompok yang diirigasi infusa daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) konsentrasi 30% dan 40% (p&gt;0,05). Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan infusa daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) dengan konsentrasi 30% efektif untuk membersihkan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer.

UJI DAYA ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper Crocatum Ruiz &amp; Pav.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Eschericia coli ATCC 11229 DAN Candida albicans ATCC 10231 SECARA IN VITRO

Red betel leaf contains flavonoids, alkaloids and essential oils that are suspected able to inhibit the growth of microbes. This study aims to analyze antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of red betel leaf agains to Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Candida albicans. Subjects were red betel leaf ethanol extract at concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% and 100%. As a positive control used amoxycilin, chloramphenicol and ketoconazole. The study showed that concentration 10 % - 100 % inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. In Escherichia coli all the data obtained, having an average which is not much different from the mean of the negative control. While on Candida albicans average diameter of inhibition zone of extract concentration 40% p = 0.197 concluded that statistically has significant antifungal power compared with ketokonazole.Keywords: Ethanol extract, Piper Ruiz &amp; Pav crocatum, Antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albican

Manfaat Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum)sebagai Agen Anti Bakterial terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif dan Bakteri Gram Negatif

Background of choosing the subject: In recent years world society including Indonesia tend to consider the use of herbal medicine - back to nature. The advantages of herbal medicine become an interesting discussion. Most information expand in society is empirical rather than scientific evidence. Thus red betel vine's benefit also becomes interesting discussion but evidence based medicine about it is very little. The purpose of this study is to know the potency of antibacterial power of ethanol extract of red betel vine (Piper crocatum) toward gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Research Methodology: This research was laboratory experimental study. The extract of red betel vine was made with standard ethanol solvent. This extract was examined in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. Experimental method is serial dilution. Result was analyzed descriptively with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The examination in each bacterium was repeated 5 times. Result: The result shown that ethanol extract of red betel vine (Piper crocatum) has ability to inhibit the growth of Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and to kill it on concentration 25%. While the ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (Gram negative) on 6,25% (visual observation and after has been planted in Mc Conkey media). From result repetition in 5 times, gram negative is more stable rather than gram positive. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of red betel vine (Piper crocatum) has antibacterial effect toward Gram positive and gram negative. MIC and MBC Staphylococcus aureus at 25% while for MIC and MBC Escherichia coli at 6,25%. Keywords: antibacterial  – Red betel vine – Piper crocatum – Staphylococcus aureus – Escherichia coli