Recursive Research Articles

Features of ratio of priority composition element for visual recursive systems in the objects of art design

Множина елементів композиції, пріоритетних для візуальних рекурсивних систем (ВРС) в об’єктах дизайну містить сім елементів: лінія, пляма, об’ємно-просторова форма, час, рух, колір та світлотінь. Узагальнено можна вважати, що лінія, пляма, об’ємно-просторова форма є геометричними об’єктами, а час, рух, світлотінь, колір – це явища. Отже, не всі з перерахованих елементів характеризуються однорідністю природи та властивостей. Це зумовлює складність визначення особливостей їх поєднання при проектуванні ВРС. Застосування методів аналізу суміжності елементів композиції дозволило окреслити множину їх потенційно можливих сполук. На основі обчислення біноміального коефіцієнту та інтерпретації отриманих результатів виявлено, що множини потенційно можливих сполук елементів композиції, пріоритетних для ВРС містить сто дванадцять комбінацій. Отримані дані наближено розкривають розуміння композиційно-образної варіативності ВРС для дизайн-проектування.

Estructura óptima de capital para empresas en mercados maduros de economías emergentes: una aplicación

En este trabajo, se utiliza el criterio de costo mínimo para determinar la estructura óptima de capital de una empresa del sector de procesamiento de alimentos en un mercado emergente (Colombia). Se abordan y armonizan varios aspectos relacionados con la política de endeudamiento para demostar que el ratio óptimo de deuda simultaneamente, maximiza el valor de la empresa y de las acciones, pero además y minimiza el costo promedio ponderado de capital (Wacc). Mediante el cálculo recursivo se determina el valor de mercado del capital propio, basado en los fundamentales de la empresa y se hace un contraste con el valor pactado en una transacción de mercado reciente. El caso permite examinar algunos de los mecanismos asociados a la teoría de la estructura de capital y aterrizarlos a resultados concretos en una empresa real, para proponer una reestrucutración del nivel de endeudamiento.

Extracting clinically relevant information from pulse oximetry traces

Cardiovascular assessment is necessary, yet unafordable for large population groups worlwide. Here we illustrate how signals obtained from standard oximeters can provide reliable estimates for transit time, a measure associated to vascular stiffness, as well as complexity measures derived from Recursive plot analysis. The salient features of our research were: 1) The possibility to use of photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals as a surrogate for transit time estimation; 2)The use of PPG signals for HRV analysis; 3)The possibility to use 2-min PPG recordings for cardiovascular estimation; 4)The proposal of a new vascular age estimator. An automated algorithm for estimating transit time from the PPG waveform yielded a strong association with age (r=0.80). All indices obtained from Recurrent Plot analysis of tachograms with PPG signals exhibited a high correlation with subject´s age. On the basis of the estimated indices a new estimator for cardiovascular age has been introduced, which exhibited a high correlation with age (r=0.97). Thus we concluded that PPG signals do retain information about cardiovascular age. This is evidenced from changes with age of different indices obtained from 2-min duration PPG traces. These result might be relevant for boosting cardiovascular diagnosis in settings with limited resources. Keywords: Pulse Oximetry, Heart Rate Variability, Transit Time Estimation, Recurrent Plot Analysis, Cardio Vascular Age.

Analysis of survival-and prognosis-related factors of brain metastasis from esophageal cancer

Objective To explore the incidence of brain metastases from esophageal cancer, survival-related factors after brain metastases, and the result of different treatment methods. Methods From January 2000 to October 2016 treated 11 338 cases of esophageal cancer patients, 84 cases of brain metastases, were collected with complete clinical data. Results Eighty four cases of patients with brain metastases included esophageal squamous carcinoma in 74 cases, adenocarcinoma in 6 cases, and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma 4 cases; single brain metastases in 19 cases, 65 cases of multiple brain metastases included 59 cases with brain metastasis symptoms, 58 with extracranial metastases, primary tumors and brain metastases interval time less than 6 months in 31 cases, 24 cases of 6-12, 16 cases for 12-24 months. Prognostic logrank univariate analysis of survival rate found 24-36 months survival for 13 patients. All patients were followed for a median of 19.31 months after brain metastases, the median survival time was 5.43 months. Conclusions About 0.7% of brain metastases from esophageal cancer occurs. Esophageal carcinoma metastatic to the brain: There was no extracranial metastasis, recursive partitioning analysis classification (RPA), Karnofsky (KPS) score, brain metastases different treatment methods is a poor prognostic factor for esophageal cancer brain metastasis. Key words: Stomach neoplasms/ME/DI; Brain neoplasms/SC/EP; Survival rate; Prognosis

Boundedly rational consumers, energy and investment literacy, and the display of information on household appliances

It is an ongoing debate how to increase the adoption of energy-efficient light bulbs and household appliances in the presence of the so-called ‘energy efficiency gap’. One measure to support consumers’ decision-making towards the purchase of more efficient appliances is the display of energy-related information in the form of energy-efficiency labels on electric consumer products. Another measure is to educate consumers in order to increase their level of energy and investment literacy. Thus, two questions arise when it comes to the display of energy-related information on appliances: (1) What kind of information should be displayed to enable consumers to make rational and efficient choices? (2) What abilities and prior knowledge do consumers need to possess to be able to process this information? In this paper, using a series of (recursive) bivariate probit models and three samples of 583, 877 and 1375 households from three major Swiss urban areas, we show how displaying information on the future energy consumption of electrical appliances in monetary terms (CHF), rather than in physical units (kWh), increases the probability that an individual makes a calculation and identifies the appliance with the lowest lifetime cost. In addition, our econometric results suggest that individuals with a higher level of energy and, in particular, investment literacy are more likely to perform an optimization rather than relying on a decision-making heuristic. These individuals are also more likely to identify the most (cost-)efficient appliance.

The success of NRG-GBM-RPA: biomarker-based classification, where to next?

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor in which outcomes are poor (1). Treatment for GBM had been limited until 2005 with the seminal study by Stupp and colleagues in which the addition of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) to adjuvant radiotherapy improved median overall survival (mOS) by approximately 2.5 months (2). Since then, radiation therapy with TMZ has been the backbone for management of GBM in the postoperative setting. Initially developed in 1993, the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was created to prognosticate patients with high-grade gliomas (including anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM) (3). This classification was further modified and verified in GBM patients treated with radiation and TMZ (1,4).

Association between epidermal growth factor receptor mutation subtypes and the prognosis of brain metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

Objective To explore the association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation subtypes and the prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 256 patients who were admitted to our hospital and confirmed with brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma by EGFR mutation detection from 2010 to 2015. The prognostic factors for brain metastases were analyzed. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test. The univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses were performed by the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The median survival time was 10.13 months in all patients. The univariate analysis showed that sex, EGFR mutation status, exon 19 deletion, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of brain metastases, and targeted therapy were prognostic predictors (P=0.006, 0.001, 0.010, 0.000, 0.003). The multivariate analysis showed that the KPS score and exon 19 deletion were prognostic factors for brain metastases (P=0.000, 0.045). When grouped into the recursive partitioning analysis classes, all the patients were split into three subgroups with significantly different prognosis (P=0.000). Conclusions Exon 19 deletion is a prognostic predictor of brain metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, which can be integrated into the prognosis scoring system for brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors improve the survival in patients with brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma and EGFR mutation, particularly, in those with exon 19 deletion. Key words: Neoplasm metastasis, brain; Lung neoplasms; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Prognosis

Probabilistic damage detection of structures with uncertainties under unknown excitations based on Parametric Kalman filter with unknown Input

System identification and damage detection for structural health monitoring have received considerable attention. Various time domain analysis methodologies based on measured vibration data of structures have been proposed. Among them, recursive least-squares estimation of structural parameters which is also known as parametric Kalman filter (PKF) approach has been studied. However, the conventional PKF requires that all the external excitations (inputs) be available. On the other hand, structural uncertainties are inevitable for civil infrastructures, it is necessary to develop approaches for probabilistic damage detection of structures. In this paper, a parametric Kalman filter with unknown inputs (PKF-UI) is proposed for the simultaneous identification of structural parameters and the unmeasured external inputs. Analytical recursive formulations of the proposed PKF-UI are derived based on the conventional PKF. Two scenarios of linear observation equations and nonlinear observation equations are discussed, respectively. Such a straightforward derivation of PKF-UI is not available in the literature. Then, the proposed PKF-UI is utilized for probabilistic damage detection of structures by considering the uncertainties of structural parameters. Structural damage index and the damage probability are derived from the statistical values of the identified structural parameters of intact and damaged structure. Some numerical examples are used to validate the proposed method.

Enhancing the Learning Ability Using JFLAP for Theory of Computation Course

The theory of Computation course is the core subject for Computer Science disciplines. It is based on the automata theory and design of machines like Finite Automata (FA) for regular languages, Pushdown Automata (PDA) for Context-free languages and Turing Machine for Recursively Enumerable languages. Most of the part includes theoretical concepts like theorems, proofs and examples. The most promising part of this course is to solve examples according the given theory concept for a particular machine design. Teaching and learning this course is based on the imagination of theoretical concepts with the design of machine part. For a novice computer science student it is difficult to connect with the theory and a design for solving examples. The study proposes an effective way of teaching this course using Java Formal Languages and Automata Package (JFLAP) tool. It is a preexisting software tool created by Professor Susan Rodger and her students at Duke University. It allows designing and running machines like finite automata, pushdown automata and turing machine with the theorem proofs. It also focuses on conversions of languages from one form to another form easily.The experiment is conducted for the second year computer science and engineering students for the course of Theory of Computation (TOC). The results show that, the ability of problem solving among students increased effectively with more understanding level. The effectiveness of the experiment is verified by the feedback from students and the university results. It is observed that the learners can evaluate them selves for the problems using JFLAP.

Magnetic dipole target tracking based on recursive update Kalman filter

Magnetic dipole target tracking based on recursive update Kalman filter

Comparison of classical and "cause consequence diagrams" Recursive Operability Analysis: The T2 Laboratories accident

On December 19, 2007, a powerful explosion and fire killed four employees and destroyed T2 Laboratories, Inc., a chemical manufacturer in Jacksonville, Florida. In the accident 32 people were injured, including 4 employees and 28 members of the public who were working in the surroundings. Debris was found up to one mile away, and the explosion damaged buildings within one quarter mile of the facility. After the accident, the question which arose was: could an even simplified risk analysis prevent such a tragedy? It is widely accepted that performing a detailed Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) is a complex and time consuming task because of all the steps which must be carried out: 1) hazards identification; 2) frequency estimation; 3) accident consequence evaluation; 4) individual and societal risk calculation.Specifically, Hazard Identification (HI) and Frequency Estimation (FE) represent two fundamental activities since: 1) not identified hazards can remain hidden until the occurrence of the related accidents; 2) the probabilistically quantification of the hazardous plant states frequencies, e.g. through Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), helps to support decisions making on risk reduction. Particularly, since generating FTs is a time consuming task, the Recursive Operability Analysis (ROA) has been ideated. ROA, both in its classical and revised version (called Recursive Operability Analysis – Cause Consequence Diagrams, ROA-CCD), is based on a procedure which allows collecting plant perturbations data in a structured way.The aim of this work is to apply both the classical and the new ROA-CCD analysis on the T2 Laboratories chemical plant (with particular reference to the reactor node) in order to identify all the possible top events and states of plant unavailability. In this way, it has been evidenced that even a simplified but reliable risk analysis could have been unearthed clearly all plant criticalities. Moreover, the results concerning the risk quantification have been critically analyzed showing that ROA-CCD achieves the same results, in terms of Minimal Cut Sets, of its classical version with a lower effort. This goal is fulfilled by avoiding the unnecessary subdivision of the plant into nodes prior to perform the analysis; in this way, considering only the process variables related to the “key piece of equipment” (in this case, the reactor), records in the ROA format are drastically reduced.

El documental interactivo en la era digital: un análisis del potencia l de creación de públicos recursivos y de lo audiovisual en la etnografía contemporánea

In this article, I consider the documentary in a changing media environment. I argue that the emergence of interactive documentaries in the digital era has transcended the paradigm of representation of reality and created a new one: interaction with it. First, I analyze the emergence of the interactive documentary as well as the literature on this topic. Then I turn to the concept of recursive public to understand its potential for establishing multi-directional relations between users and filmmakers who have common interests. More specifically, I look at documentaries made and socialized in conflict contexts wherein political dimensions become significant. Finally, I reflect on the audiovisual medium as a research methodology itself and not just a tool for disseminating knowledge.

Induction and professional development of teachers. Pilot experience of Newly Qualified Teachers 2014/2015

The initial training programmes for teacher induction to school activity, need to be integrated within a recursive, self-sustaining circularity, able to produce professional skills. The present work defines an innovative theoretical framework underpinning the experience of Newly Qualified Teachers (NQT) in the 2014/2015 academic year, based on a pattern which envisages an alternation of theory-practice. Such a pattern finds in the teacher's portfolio, structured into training curriculum, teaching and competence assessment, a time of tight integration of the perspectives that guide the teacher’s work, maximizing moments of action, reflection and appraisal. The evaluation of the way in which, either a personal perspective, responsive to one’s understanding of teaching and of designing a teaching method, or a social perspective, reified in competence profiles defined at the international level and summarized by National Guidelines, have been perceived to be a continuum and functional to the teacher development, is presented here through the analysis of qualitative and quantitative results obtained during the pilot experience.

Quadrangulation of Sewing Pattern Based on Recursive Geometry Decomposition

의상 시뮬레이션과 렌더링 계산비용은 메쉬의 종류와 그 품질에 크게 좌우된다. 일반적으로 정확도와 효율성 면에서 삼각메쉬 보다 사각메쉬가 더 선호된다. 본 논문은 재귀 기하 분할법에 기초한 의복 패턴의 사각화 방법을 기술한다. 논문에서는 기존의 방법에서 두 가지 개선점을 제안한다. 첫째, 제안 방법은 기존의 방법보다 향상된 회귀 기하 분해 알고리즘을 사용한다. 제안된 방법에서 의복패턴의 물리적 도매인은 보다 더 간단하고 맵핑 가능한 형태로 분해된다. 둘째, 본 논문에서는 정점 분류 알고리즘의 유효성 확인작업을 수행한다. 제안 알고리즘을 이용하여 인식 되지 않은 정점 분류에 대한 유효성을 검증 할 수 있다.

Clinical observation of erlotinib ± brain radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases treated with erlotinib ± whole brain radiotherapy, and observe the adverse events. Methods From March 2012 to January 2015, 56 patients with NSCLC with brain metastases received oral erlotinib, at a dose of 150mg per day till disease progression or intolerable adverse events were developed, including 42 cases who had received brain radiotherapy.The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were observed between groups, the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method with the use of log-rank method.Prognostic factors of the patients were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis in Cox regression model.Curative effect was evaluated with response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria, and adverse events with National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria. Results ORR and DCR were 57.1%(32/56), and 82.1%(46/56), respectively. The median PFS was 12.3 months, and the OS was 8.0 months. The 1-, and 2-year PFS rates were 51.0%, and 20.0%, respectively. The 1-, and 2-year year OS rates were 36.0%, and 7.0%, respectively. Men had a higher DRR rate than women (P=0.009). Single brain metastasis patients had higher DCR rate than in multiple brain metastases patients (P=0.044). The non-smokers, less than Karnofsky (KPS) score of 70 and high recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) score groups had higher ORR (P=0.043, P 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were higher PFS rate and OS rate in high RPA score group than in low RPA score group (P<0.001, P<0.001), and in KPS score of 70 and more group than in less than score of 70 group (P<0.001, P<0.001), respectively. The non-smokers and patients with adenocarcinoma group had longer OS times. Multivariate analysis showed that KPS score was the independent prognostic factor of PFS and OS (P<0.001, P=0.005), pathological type was the independent prognostic factor of PFS (P=0.001). Conclusions Erlotinib is effective and safe for NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Men and the single brain metastasis patients, non-smokers, high KPS and RPA score groups had higher DCR rates. KPS score is the most important influencing factors for patient's PFS and OS time. Women and the patients with adenocarcinoma have higher PFS rate than those of men and squamous cell carcinoma. Key words: Quinazolines/AD; Radiotherapy; Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung/CO/TH; Brain neoplasms/SC/TH

An introduction to Elixir programming

Elixir is an programming language that runs on the Erlang virtual machine. Elixir keeps many of Erlang's strengths - it is functional, concurrent, fault tolerant, encourages recursion and higher or...

A formal verification of the theory of parity complexes

We formalise, in Coq, the opening sections of Parity Complexes [Street1991] up to and including the all important excision of extremals algorithm. Parity complexes describe the essential combinatorial structure exhibited by simplexes, cubes and globes, that enable the construction of free omega categories on such objects. The excision of extremals is a recursive algorithm that presents every cell in such a category as a composite of atomic cells, this is the sense in which the omega category is free. Due to the complicated multi-dimensional nature of this work, the detail of definitions and proofs can be hard to follow and verify. Indeed, some corrections [Street1994] were required some years following the original publication. Our formalisation verifies that all cases of each result operate as stated. In particular, we indicate which portions of the theory can be proved directly from definitions, and which require more subtle and complex arguments. By identifying results that require the most complicated proofs, we are able to investigate where this theory might benefit from further study and which results need to be considered most carefully in future work.

The probability that similar haplotypes are identical by descent.

The logic of gene mapping in highly penetrant diseases is to find the minimal overlap of haplotypes that are identical by descent (IBD). If the pedigree is unknown, identity by descent of haplotype overlap cannot be established with certainty. In many cases, it is intuitively clear that similar haplotypes are indeed IBD. The logical and statistical evaluation of haplotype overlap requires that probabilities of IBD are substantial. It is, therefore, important to estimate these probabilities. In this paper, we derive a recursive formula for the probability of IBD. Simulations are used to validate the expected values and to study the variability around the expected value. We demonstrate that for populations 1000 generations of age - without bottlenecks - haplotypes of 1 cM consisting of at least five microsatellite markers have a significant probability to be IBD. Likewise, SNP haplotypes of 1 cM should consist of at least nine identical SNP alleles for a similar probability of IBD. Without considering bottlenecks, haplotypes consisting of as few as three SNPs spanning a region of less than 0.01 cM are likely IBD in populations that are 10000 generations of age.

Vincoli testuali e funzioni dei segnali discorsivi in Gellio

A prototype taxonomic model is applied to Aulus Gellius’noctes Atticae, a miscellaneous work of the 2nd century, in order to better analyzing the specific features of a polymorphic text, wich is not adequately dealt with by using traditional classifications. The reference of Gellius to his sources is in fact dynamic, based not on mimetic intentions but on a blend of different kind of report and different text parts, namely incipit, quotation, commentary, narration, dialog. The strict relationship between text types and linguistic devices is investigated as a recursive feature, focusing on discourse particles, wich both indicate the interactional development and impose an internal textual hierarchy. Nam and sed perform a significant function in the commentaries and in several short chapters of noctes Atticae, and in this function they cannot be replaced by other coniunctiones, wich belong to the same class in the normative latin grammars (respectively, nam and enim to the causal, and at, autem, sed to the adversative class). Discourse particles seem to reflect the kind of text: while in the narrative structure discourse particles do not occur, in the incipit and quotations metatextual discourse particles are prevalent; in commentaries and dialogs interactional discourse particles signal both agreement and disagreement.

Algoritmo de Controle de Potência Distribuído Fundamentado no Modelo Populacional de Verhulst DOI: 10.14209/jcis.2006.5

In this paper the continuous dynamic model of Verhulst is used. It had been elaborated initially to describe the population growth of biological species with food and physical space restrictions, in order to synthesize a new Distributed Power Control Algorithm (DPCA) applicable in Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DSCDMA) systems. The discretization of the corresponding differential equation is accomplished via Numeric Integration Euler method (NIE). Analytical convergence conditions for the proposed DPCA were also established. The properties of the proposed recursive algorithm, as Euclidian distance from optimum vector after convergence, convergence speed, Normalized mean Squared Error (NSE), average power consumption per user and implementation complexity are investigated through simulations. The simulation results are confronted with two another DPCA: the classic algorithm derived by Foschini and Miljanic and the sigmoidal of Uykan and Koivo. With estimation errors the proposed DPCA showed smaller discrepancy from the optimum power vector allocation after convergence and better convergence. Additionally, the Gerschgorin Circles theory (GC) is applied for the feasibility of the power allocation problem.