Recruitment Sources Research Articles

Pengaruh Rekrutmen dan Promosi Jabatan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Bank Sinarmas Cabang Denpasar

This research was conducted based on differences in the focus of the discussion about recruitment and promotion of employee performance. Besides, there are also research problems about the decline in employee performance at PT Bank Sinarmas Denpasar Branch. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of recruitment and promotion of position on employee performance. This research was conducted at PT Bank Sinarmas with a population and the sample of this study amounted to 87 respondents. All data obtained from the questionnaire distribution are feasible to use, then analyzed using SPSS 24.0. The results of the study give the meaning that recruitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; job promotion has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; recruitment and promotion have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This research implies that recruitment can be improved by taking into account the basic indicators of recruitment, recruitment sources, and recruitment methods so that employee performance increases. Job promotion can be increased by taking into account indicators of employees who are loyal and with integrity, creativity, and initiative, more value than other employees, can provide solutions not only complaint and professional in working so that employee performance increases. Finally, employee performance can improve by taking into account indicators of quality, quantity, timeliness, effectiveness, and independence.

Biophysical model of coral population connectivity in the Arabian/Persian Gulf.

The coral reef ecosystems of the Arabian/Persian Gulf (the Gulf) are facing profound pressure from climate change (extreme temperatures) and anthropogenic (land-use and population-related) stressors. Increasing degradation at local and regional scales has already resulted in widespread coral cover reduction. Connectivity, the transport and exchange of larvae among geographically separated populations, plays an essential role in recovery and maintenance of biodiversity and resilience of coral reef populations. Here, an oceanographic model in 3-D high-resolution was used to simulate particle dispersion of "virtual larvae." We investigated the potential physical connectivity of coral reefs among different regions in the Gulf. Simulations reveal that basin-scale circulation is responsible for broader spatial dispersion of the larvae in the central region of the Gulf, and tidally-driven currents characterized the more localized connectivity pattern in regions along the shores in the Gulf's southern part. Results suggest predominant self-recruitment of reefs with highest source and sink ratios along the Bahrain and western Qatar coasts, followed by the south eastern Qatar and continental Abu Dhabi coast. The central sector of the Gulf is suggested as recruitment source in a stepping-stone dynamics. Recruitment intensity declined moving away from the Straits of Hormuz. Connectivity varied in models assuming passive versus active mode of larvae movement. This suggests that larval behaviour needs to be taken into consideration when establishing dispersion models, and establishing conservation strategies for these vulnerable ecosystems.

DATA-DRIVEN PARTICIPANT RECRUITMENT: FINDINGS FROM THE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE NEUROIMAGING INITIATIVE 3

Effective and measurable participant recruitment methods are urgently needed for clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease. To develop methods for measuring recruitment tactics and evaluating effectiveness. Recruitment tactics for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI3) were measured using web and phone analytics, campaign metrics and survey responses. A total of 462 new participants were enrolled into ADNI3 through recruitment efforts. We collected metrics on recruitment activities including 82,003 unique visitors to the recruitment website and 3,335 calls to study phone numbers. The recruitment sources that produced the most screening and enrollment included online advertisements, local radio and newspaper coverage and emails and referrals from registries. Analysis of recruitment activity obtained through tracking methods provided some insight for effective recruitment. ADNI3 can serve as an example of how a data-driven approach to centralized participant recruitment can be utilized to facilitate clinical research.

Recruitment into the Alzheimer Prevention Trials (APT) Webstudy for a Trial-Ready Cohort for Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (TRC-PAD)

BackgroundThe Alzheimer Prevention Trials (APT) Webstudy is the first stage in establishing a Trial-ready Cohort for Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (TRC-PAD). This paper describes recruitment approaches for the APT Webstudy.ObjectivesTo remotely enroll a cohort of individuals into a web-based longitudinal observational study. Participants are followed quarterly with brief cognitive and functional assessments, and referred to Sites for in-clinic testing and biomarker confirmation prior to enrolling in the Trial-ready Cohort (TRC).DesignParticipants are referred to the APT Webstudy from existing registries of individuals interested in brain health and Alzheimer’s disease research, as well as through central and site recruitment efforts. The study team utilizes Urchin Tracking Modules (UTM) codes to better understand the impact of electronic recruitment methods.SettingA remotely enrolled online study.ParticipantsVolunteers who are at least 50 years old and interested in Alzheimer’s research.MeasurementsDemographics and recruitment source of participant where measured by UTM.Results30,650 participants consented to the APT Webstudy as of April 2020, with 69.7% resulting from referrals from online registries. Emails sent by the registry to participants were the most effective means of recruitment. Participants are distributed across the US, and the demographics of the APT Webstudy reflect the referral registries, with 73.1% female, 85.0% highly educated, and 92.5% Caucasian.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the feasibility of enrolling a remote web-based study utilizing existing registries as a primary referral source. The next priority of the study team is to engage in recruitment initiatives that will improve the diversity of the cohort, towards the goal of clinical trials that better represent the US population.

THE POTENTIAL OF EDUCATION IN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT OF THE TALENTS IN MODERN SOCIAL CHANGES

Problem setting. The problem is that in order to implement the talent management paradigm, it is necessary to find mechanisms to enable organizations to do this most effectively. Education is one such mechanism. However, there is a contradiction between the need for innovative education for organizations and its certain conservativeness and lack of practice orientation.Recent research and publications analysis. Talent management issues have been considered since 1997 in the works of Michhaels, E., Handfield-Jones, H., Axelrod, B., F. Gino, E. Graham, J. Immelt, A. Robertson, S. Hankin, E. Chambers, S. Morris, E. Farndale, G. Stral and others. Thus, some methodological framework for talent management research has been established, but the question of the role of education in these processes remains virtually unaddressed.Paper objective. The objective of the article is to identify educational opportunities in the talent management process as a management strategy.Paper main body. Our analysis allowed us to distinguish four groups of definitions of the phenomenon of talent management: organizational; characterological; procedural and integrated. It is suggested to understand the management of talents as a set of organizational tools and processes that allow to find, develop and retain staff whose qualities ensure to organization to achieve the results, which are fundamentally important to it. The basic components of an organization’s talent profile are illustrated. It is shown that education can be considered as a mechanism for activating corporate talents.The role of education in talent management has several vectors. The first is the training of talents in universities. This aspect shows the range of contradictions in the role of universities in the preparation of talents. It has been demonstrated that the leading companies, despite the weakness of formal university education, do not abandon it as a source of talent recruitment. At the same time, it is shown that is not enough to fully implement a talent management strategy in organizations. That is why “internal” educational technologies are being updated, which are aimed at: development of talents within the company, program support of talented employees and introduction of educational management. This situation stimulates the activation of non-formal and informal educational technologies and practices. Some technological solutions of integration of educational mechanisms in talent management are also revealed.Conclusions of the research.Thus, summarizing, we should note thattalent management is one of the current trends of modern management. Education today can be seen as a source of various technologies that will promote the use of talent in the organization. Important is the use of “internal” and “external” educational technologies, formal, non-formal and informal education, their incorporation into the overall strategy of the organization.

European Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men Internet Survey (EMIS-2017): Design and Methods

Men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) carry a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections across Europe. Health planners require sexual health needs assessment data to respond appropriately. In addition, surveillance of risk and precaution behaviours in this population enables evaluative judgements of policy responses. The European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2017) aimed to repeat the pan-European online survey on male homosexual behaviour conducted in 2010, both to update information required to plan and monitor health promotion interventions and consolidate harmonisation of existing behavioural surveillance approaches. Our study team collaborated with more than 200 partners from academia, public health and civil society across 50 countries. Starting from our previous EMIS-2010 questionnaire, partners engaged in three rounds of iterative survey development and piloting until the final content was agreed. Transfer to an online survey application was followed by further pre-testing before translation into 32 additional languages, final testing and sign-off. The survey was available to complete online in 33 languages simultaneously from 18 October 2017 to 31 January 2018. Ten international MSM dating mobile apps were paid to send short promotional messages, and national partners promoted the survey via at least another 272 websites and social media accounts. Real-time monitoring of responses facilitated targeted advertising by country and recruitment source. Ultimately 144,305 cases were submitted of which 137,358 (95.2%) were eligible for inclusion. EMIS-2017 demonstrated the feasibility of multi-country online MSM surveying with public funding. Meaningful involvement of a large number of collaborators in the survey design and its execution ensured successful recruitment. Careful design, piloting and presentation ensured the survey was acceptable and had authority and perceived community benefit. Partners in 38 countries have already been supplied with a national database of 100 or more respondents for national analysis, while the study team has focussed on international comparisons among 137,358 respondents in 50 countries.

Wood process domains and wood loads on floodplains

AbstractDowned large wood on floodplains creates similar geomorphic and ecological effects as wood in the active channel, but has been the subject of fewer geomorphic studies. I propose floodplain large wood process domains that are distinguished based on recruitment source at the reach to river‐length scale. Wood recruited to the floodplain can be autochthonous (individual or mass recruitment from floodplain forest), fluvially transported, or transported from adjacent hillslopes via mass movements that come down the valley side slopes or down the main channel. Fluvially transported wood can be further distinguished as being deposited: within the channel and subsequently accreted to the floodplain; marginal to the channel; on the floodplain during overbank flow; or on tributary fans. The mechanism of wood recruitment to a floodplain influences the spatial distribution of the wood across the floodplain and the proportion of wood pieces within jams, which in turn influences geomorphic and ecological effects of the floodplain wood. Using published studies of floodplain wood load for unmanaged river corridors, I hypothesize that the climate‐controlled balance between forest primary productivity and decay rates of downed wood is the first‐order control on floodplain large wood loads. Disturbance regime and wood recruitment mechanism are second‐order controls on wood load and primary controls on the spatial distribution of large wood. Understanding of floodplain large wood can be applied to quantifying the effect of large wood on river corridors; river restoration; paleoenvironmental inferences; and estimation of organic carbon stock in river corridors. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Seeing Is Believing? Unique Capabilities of Internet-Only Studies as a Tool for Implementation Research on HIV Prevention for Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Review of Studies and Methodological Considerations.

In 2014, Grov et al published a comprehensive review cataloguing both men who have sex with men's (MSM's) sexual behavior transitions in online environments from the 1990s through 2013, as well as researchers' efforts in tandem to use the internet to engage MSM into research, treatment, and prevention. In this article, we discuss historical events and research having occurred in the half decade since the Grov et al publication. Notable transitions include MSM's expanded use of geosocial networking apps, as well as other forms of social media accessed primarily through mobile devices, as well as the addition of biomedical prevention strategies (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis and undetectable = untransmittable) to the proverbial HIV prevention toolkit. In tandem, researchers have rapidly expanded their employment of internet-mediated methods for the recruitment and engagement of key populations for HIV research, treatment, and prevention. In this article, we discuss methodological considerations for using the internet to conduct HIV prevention research with MSM: (1) sources of recruitment (eg, geosocial apps, Facebook, crowdsourced online panels); (2) design (eg, cross sectional, longitudinal, diaries); (3) incentives (including disincentivizing fraudulent participants and/or spam bots); (4) confidentiality; and (5) representativeness. We conclude by discussing future directions in HIV prevention research in light of forthcoming technologies such as fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, combined use of self-collected biological data alongside self-report, and the utility of metadata and metaresearch to document, evaluate, and inform best practices.

PENGARUH PROSES REKRUTMEN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT FEDERAL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE (FIF) DI KOTA SAMARINDA

The purpose of this study was to examine and determine the effect of the recruitment process simultaneously and partially on employee performance at PT. Federal International Finance (FIF), and to test and find out which variable has the most significant effect on employee performance. Data analysis tools used are validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression test, correlation coefficient test, determination coefficient test, F test, T test, and dominant test. The results showed that the method and source of recruitment simultaneously had a significant effect on employee performance. This is evidenced by the value of sig. Fcount = 0.018 <Alpha 0.05. In the t test results (partial) the recruitment source partially has a significant effect on employee performance. This is evidenced by the value of sig. tcount X2 X2 0.005> 0.05, where the most influential is the source of recruitment with the results of standardized coefficients beta of 0.465. From the results of the study it was shown that the method and source of recruitment had a significant effect on performance by 15.2%, while the remaining 84.8% was determined by other variables not included in the study. The suggestion from researchers for PT Federal International Finance (FIF) in Samarinda City is expected to further improve employee recruitment standards and processes in the recruitment of company employees to provide quality human resources.

Only on Invitation? How the Recruitment Strategy Determines Who Is Treated Online

Background: Participants for efficacy studies on Internet-based interventions (IBI) are recruited through self-selected convenience sampling or targeted external invitations. Comparisons are necessary to determine how recruitment strategies influence sample composition. Such comparisons consequently yield potential for evaluating which conditions are more probable to fulfill IBI’s promise to be an effective treatment option for underserved populations. Methods: A comparison of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of differently recruited participants in an IBI for mild to moderate depression was made: (1) individuals on sick leave due to an affective disorder who were informed about the IBI by their health insurance (n= 308) and (2) individuals who self-selected to participate (e.g., after seeing information on the IBI in print media; n= 699). Results: Compared to the self-selected group, the externally selected group was older, less educated, spent less time on the Internet, had a less positive attitude towards IBI, and comprised more men. Groups did not differ in initial symptom severity, in-treatment symptom change, or previous psychotherapeutic experiences. Conclusions: The results indicate that larger shares of underserved subpopulations (e.g., less educated, older, male, less internet-savvy) begin an IBI treatment when the insurer informs them about the IBI. Recruitment source does not influence efficacy.

People Recruitment Model for Effective and Sustainable Mosque Management

Mosque has a pivotal role in da’wa and Muslim community development. Unfortunately, many of them have lost such functions nowadays and the caretaker is among the main reasons: an active board of caretaker results in an active mosque and vice versa. Thus, a model of effective and sustainable people recruitment is needed for mosques to be optimally functional. This research analyzes two long-lasting mosques in Surabaya, Al-Falah, and Al-Abror, to develop the model. Al-Falah is a downtown mosque while Al-Abror is located in a suburban area. Both are regarded as sustainable mosques due to their ability and consistency in performing community development through their programs and people management in more than 40 years of their existence. The objective of this grounded research is to understand the people recruitment planned and implemented by both mosques’ board of caretaker. Using an in-depth interview and inductive analysis, this research reveals three important points of findings. Firstly, the strategic value proposition in mosque people recruitment consists of mosque organizational vision, work-related spiritualism, personal track record alignment, and material incentive. Secondly, although the recruitment source primarily is from internal (within the recent or previous board of caretaker), an external source (people from any background and residential area) is proven to be effective. Last, personal and word of mouth through social media platforms such as WhatsApp are the preferred method for recruitment.

Recruitment of Older Kidney Transplant Recipients to a Longitudinal Study.

Currently, limited information is available regarding selection of the most successful strategies for recruitment of older adult kidney transplant recipients as research participants. The aim of this study was to explore multiple modes of recruitment strategies to enroll older kidney transplant recipients in a 1-year longitudinal study. We used a feasibility design to explore the following recruitment methods: face-to-face contact in the transplant clinic, paper flyers placed in the transplant clinic, Facebook, an online transplant newsletter, and a university website listing of research studies. Enrollment was open for 9 months, during which time websites and the Facebook portal were active, 142 newsletters were e-mailed, and 424 patients were approached in the transplant clinic. Among patients approached in the clinic, 12 did not own a smartphone required for the study. The sample consisted of 60 participants (39 men, 21 women), with a mean age of 64.5 ± 4.7 years. Of the participants who enrolled in the study, the largest number (75%, n = 45) was recruited using the face-to-face method in the transplant clinic. The online transplant newsletter was the second-best recruitment source (18%, n = 11). Recruitment strategies using face-to-face contact and the online newsletter associated with the transplant clinic organization appeared to be more effective than strategies not associated with the transplant clinic (Facebook and university website). Findings suggest that using a familiar organization communication method to recruit older chronic disease population may be the most beneficial.

Synaptic Inputs to the Mouse Dorsal Vagal Complex and Its Resident Preproglucagon Neurons.

Stress responses are coordinated by widespread neural circuits. Homeostatic and psychogenic stressors activate preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) that produce glucagon-like peptide-1; published work in rodents indicates that these neurons play a crucial role in stress responses. While the axonal targets of PPG neurons are well established, their afferent inputs are unknown. Here we use retrograde tracing with cholera toxin subunit b to show that the cNTS in male and female mice receives axonal inputs similar to those reported in rats. Monosynaptic and polysynaptic inputs specific to cNTS PPG neurons were revealed using Cre-conditional pseudorabies and rabies viruses. The most prominent sources of PPG monosynaptic input include the lateral (LH) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus, parasubthalamic nucleus, lateral division of the central amygdala, and Barrington's nucleus (Bar). Additionally, PPG neurons receive monosynaptic vagal sensory input from the nodose ganglia and spinal sensory input from the dorsal horn. Sources of polysynaptic input to cNTS PPG neurons include the hippocampal formation, paraventricular thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. Finally, cNTS-projecting neurons within PVN, LH, and Bar express the activation marker cFOS in mice after restraint stress, identifying them as potential sources of neurogenic stress-induced recruitment of PPG neurons. In summary, cNTS PPG neurons in mice receive widespread monosynaptic and polysynaptic input from brain regions implicated in coordinating behavioral and physiological stress responses, as well as from vagal and spinal sensory neurons. Thus, PPG neurons are optimally positioned to integrate signals of homeostatic and psychogenic stress.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent research has indicated a crucial role for glucagon-like peptide-1-producing preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in regulating both appetite and behavioral and autonomic responses to acute stress. Intriguingly, the central glucagon-like peptide-1 system defined in rodents is conserved in humans, highlighting the translational importance of understanding its anatomical organization. Findings reported here indicate that PPG neurons receive significant monosynaptic and polysynaptic input from brain regions implicated in autonomic and behavioral responses to stress, as well as direct input from vagal and spinal sensory neurons. Improved understanding of the neural pathways underlying the recruitment of PPG neurons may facilitate the development of novel therapies for the treatment of stress-related disorders.

Association between enrollment factors and incident cognitive impairment in Blacks and Whites: Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Center

IntroductionWe examined the influence of enrollment factors demonstrated to differ by race on incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia using Alzheimer's Disease Center data. MethodsDifferences in rates of incident impairment between non-Latino Whites and Blacks (n = 12,242) were examined with age-at-progression survival models. Models included race, sex, education, source of recruitment, health factors, and family history of dementia. ResultsNo significant race differences in progression were observed in cognitively unimpaired participants. In those with mild cognitive impairment at baseline, Whites evidenced greater risk for progression than Blacks. Enrollment factors, for example, referral source, were significantly related to progression. DiscussionThe finding that Blacks demonstrated lower rate of progression than Whites is contrary to the extant literature. Nested-regression analyses suggested that selection-related factors, differing by race, may account for these findings and influence our ability to accurately estimate risk for progression. It is potentially problematic to make racial comparisons using Alzheimer's Disease Center data sets.

Demographic differences in people living with HIV according to recruitment sources: comparison between health-care systems and social media networks

ABSTRACT With the improvement of internet technology in health applications, the utilization of internet and social media as new survey methodologies and recruitment source for research participants have been encouraged, yet evidence of the feasibility in people living with HIV (PLHIV) study is still lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to determine whether there are differences among PLHIV recruited from social media networks and health-care systems using an HIV stigma and discrimination questionnaire. The result revealed that PLHIV recruited from social media networks were younger, more sexually active, and had higher educational status and awareness of the country’s HIV rights protection laws than those recruited from hospitals. By contrast, participants recruited from hospitals were more diverse regarding key population compositions, had lived with HIV for a longer duration, had a higher prevalence of concomitant physical disabilities than those recruited from social media networks, and fit Taiwan PLHIV characteristics described by 2016 census from Taiwan Centres for Disease Control. We conclude that sampling bias exists when utilizing social media networks for PLHIV studies.

ICON PART-T 2019–International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: recommended standards for reporting participant characteristics in tendinopathy research (PART-T)

We aimed to establish consensus for reporting recommendations relating to participant characteristics in tendon research. A scoping literature review of tendinopathy studies (Achilles, patellar, hamstring, gluteal and elbow) was followed...

Revealing Cues for Fungal Interplay in the Plant-Air Interface in Vineyards.

Plant-associated microorganisms play a crucial role in plant health and productivity. Belowground microbial diversity is widely reported as a major factor in determining the composition of the plant microbiome. In contrast, much less is known about the role of the atmosphere in relation to the plant microbiome. The current study examined the hypothesis that the atmospheric microbiome influences the composition of fungal communities of the aboveground organs (flowers, fruit, and leaves) of table grape and vice versa. The atmosphere surrounding grape plantings exhibited a significantly higher level of fungal diversity relative to the nearby plant organs and shared a higher number of phylotypes (5,536 OTUs, 40.3%) with the plant than between organs of the same plant. Using a Bayesian source tracking approach, plant organs were determined to be the major source of the atmospheric fungal community (92%). In contrast, airborne microbiota had only a minor contribution to the grape microbiome, representing the source of 15, 4, and 35% of the fungal communities of leaves, flowers, and fruits, respectively. Moreover, data indicate that plant organs and the surrounding atmosphere shared a fraction of each other’s fungal communities, and this shared pool of fungal taxa serves as a two-way reservoir of microorganisms. Microbial association analysis highlighted more positive than negative interactions between fungal phylotypes. Positive interactions were more common within the same environment, while negative interactions appeared to occur more frequently between different environments, i.e., atmosphere, leaf, flower, and fruit. The current study revealed the interplay between the fungal communities of the grape phyllosphere with the surrounding air. Plants were identified as a major source of recruitment for the atmospheric microbiome, while the surrounding atmosphere contributed only a small fraction of the plant fungal community. The results of the study suggested that the plant–air interface modulates the plant recruitment of atmospheric fungi, taking a step forward in understanding the plant holobiont assembly and how the atmosphere surrounding plants plays a role in this process. The impact of plants on the atmospheric microbiota has several biological and epidemiological implications for plants and humans.

Pilot Study on the Effect of Cocaine Use on the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome and Inflammation in HIV-Infected Adults in the Miami Adult Studies in HIV (MASH) Cohort (P13-027-19)

ObjectivesDrug use disorders play a major role in the HIV epidemic, and survival rates of HIV infected drug users are significantly lower than non-users. Cocaine use, the most prevalent drug of abuse in Miami, Florida, has also been associated with a pro-inflammatory state and recently with imbalances in the intestinal microbiota as compared to cocaine non-use. Cocaine users have higher levels of inflammation, lower Healthy Eating Index scores, and lower food security, which may also reduce the diversity of the dietary intake affecting the exposure to different substrates on the gut microbiota. We hypothesize that the HIV-positive participants who use cocaine will have dysbiosis and that dysbiosis will be associated with food insecurity. MethodsThe MASH cohort will be used as the recruitment source of participants for this study. This is a cross-sectional study that will include covariates such as dietary intake, food security, and sexual behavior that may also affect the intestinal microbiome; current published studies usually do not address these variables. Participants are eligible if they are HIV infected, cocaine users or non-users, 35–66 years old, not diagnosed with HBV or HCV and are not on antibiotic treatment within 3 months of stool sample collection. Stool samples from one bowel movement will be collected using the Norgen Biotek kit and fasting blood plasma used from the MASH reservoir. Microbial DNA will be extracted using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit and characterization of the intestinal bacterial composition will be completed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Over 200 molecules derived from bacterial metabolism will be available for analysis through non-targeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based profiling using plasma. Interleukin 6, a measure of inflammation, will be determined using the Quantikine ELISA assay from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN). ResultsN/A. ConclusionsUnderstanding key intestinal bacterial functional pathways that may be altered due to combined impact of cocaine use, HIV infection, and food insecurity will provide a better understanding of the relationships between the host intestinal microbiome and inflammation, and potentially provide novel treatments to improve the health of HIV infected substance users. Funding SourcesFunded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1U01DA040381–03 and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 1U54MD012393–02.

Cost-effectiveness of individual internet-based and face-to-face Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy compared to treatment as usual in reducing psychological distress in cancer patients

Web-based behavioral interventions for substance use are being developed at a rapid pace, yet there is a dearth of information regarding the most effective methods for recruiting participants into web-based intervention trials. In this paper, we describe our successful recruitment of participants into a pilot trial of web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for smoking cessation and compare traditional and web-based methods of recruitment in terms of their effects on baseline participant characteristics, association with study retention and treatment outcome, yield, and cost-effectiveness. Over a 10-week period starting June 15, 2010, we recruited 222 smokers for a web-based smoking cessation study using a variety of recruitment methods. The largest portion of randomized participants were recruited through Google AdWords (36%), followed by medical Internet media (23%), standard media (14%), word of mouth (12%), broadcast emails (11%), and social media (6%). Recruitment source was not related to baseline participant characteristics, 3-month data retention, or 30-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at the 3-month outcome assessment. Cost per randomized participant ranged from $5.27/participant for word of mouth to $172.76/participant for social media, with a mean cost of $42.48/participant. Our diversified approach to recruitment, including both traditional and web-based methods, enabled timely enrollment of participants into the study. Because there was no evidence of a substantive difference in baseline characteristics, retention, or outcomes based on recruitment channel, the yield and cost-effectiveness of recruitment methods may be the more critical considerations in developing a feasible recruitment plan for a web-based smoking cessation intervention study.

Recruiting to a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based Program for People With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: Lessons Learned at the Intersection of e-Mental Health and Primary Care.

BackgroundE-mental health (eMH) interventions are now widely available and they have the potential to revolutionize the way that health care is delivered. As most health care is currently delivered by primary care, there is enormous potential for eMH interventions to support, or in some cases substitute, services currently delivered face to face in the community setting. However, randomized trials of eMH interventions have tended to recruit participants using online recruitment methods. Consequently, it is difficult to know whether participants who are recruited online differ from those who attend primary care.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to document the experience of recruiting to an eMH trial through primary care and compare the characteristics of participants recruited through this and other recruitment methods.MethodsRecruitment to the SpringboarD randomized controlled trial was initially focused on general practices in 2 states of Australia. Over 15 months, we employed a comprehensive approach to engaging practice staff and supporting them to recruit patients, including face-to-face site visits, regular contact via telephone and trial newsletters, and development of a Web-based patient registration portal. Nevertheless, it became apparent that these efforts would not yield the required sample size, and we therefore supplemented recruitment through national online advertising and promoted the study through existing networks. Baseline characteristics of participants recruited to the trial through general practice, online, or other sources were compared using the analysis of variance and chi square tests.ResultsBetween November 2015 and October 2017, 780 people enrolled in SpringboarD, of whom 740 provided information on the recruitment source. Of these, only 24 were recruited through general practice, whereas 520 were recruited online and 196 through existing networks. Key barriers to general practice recruitment included perceived mismatch between trial design and diabetes population, prioritization of acute health issues, and disruptions posed by events at the practice and community level. Participants recruited through the 3 different approaches differed in age, gender, employment status, depressive symptoms, and diabetes distress, with online participants being distinguished from those recruited through general practice or other sources. However, most differences reached only a small effect size and are unlikely to be of clinical importance.ConclusionsTime, labor, and cost-intensive efforts did not translate into successful recruitment through general practice in this instance, with barriers identified at several different levels. Online recruitment yielded more participants, who were broadly similar to those recruited via general practice.