Recovery Potential Research Articles

The collaboration and competition between indigenous microorganisms and exogenous anaerobic digester sludge in anaerobic treatment of pickled mustard wastewater at different salinities

The highly concentrated pickled mustard wastewater presents significant potential for energy recovery, but the stress effect of high osmotic pressure on cell integrity and activity seriously impedes the methane production by anaerobic microorganisms. The survival ability of indigenous microorganisms (IM) in pickled mustard wastewater supports the establishment of anaerobic treatment. Moreover, inoculation of anaerobic digester sludge is a common start-up strategy. However, the effects of exogenous anaerobic sludge on IM are unclear, especially in hypersaline environment. This research aimed to investigate the influence of exogenous anaerobic sludge on the construction, performance, and microbiota at 3% and 5% salinity. And the research focused on the collaboration and competition between exogenous anaerobic sludge and IM. The neutral community model (which explains the formation and evolution of biological communities) indicated that the interaction between exogenous digester sludge microorganisms and IM dominated community assembly. At 3%, the digester sludge collaborated with IM to increase daily COD reduction and biogas production compared with IM group. However, at 5%, the competitive relationship reduced daily COD reduction and biogas production compared with IM group. This study provides a new perspective for the selection of inoculation strategies for exogenous anaerobic digester sludge under different salinity, in order to realize energy conversion from salinity organic wastewater.

Peripapillary and Macular OCTA Predictors of Visual Improvement in Patients Treated with Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

Introduction: We investigated the changes of peripapillary and macular microvasculature in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (iERM) eyes before and after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), aiming to identify potential optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) predictors of visual acuity improvement. Methods: Fifty-seven eyes diagnosed with iERM were enrolled and underwent PPV with ERM and Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Data were collected before surgery and during the twelve-month postoperative period. OCTA analysis focused on radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP, respectively). Functional, and OCT structural outcomes, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular thickness, were also recorded. Results: Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher preoperative RPC VD, lower SCP VD, and lower BCVA were predictors of postoperative BCVA improvement (p<0.001, p=0.047, and p<0.001, respectively). Throughout the follow-up period, there was an observed increase in intradisc RPC VD, whole-disc VD, and parafoveal DCP VD (all p<0.001). BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) demonstrated significant improvement (p<0.001) within the first month following vitrectomy, which then stabilized from the third month onwards. Conclusions: Preoperative microvascular measurements in iERM patients can forecast postoperative BCVA. OCTA findings reveal that both increased RPC density and reduced SCP density at baseline could serve as predictors of better visual outcomes after surgery. Enhanced RPC density may reflect a healthier optic nerve with greater potential for visual recovery, while a less dense SCP could indicate less iERM contraction, both contributing to more favorable postoperative visual results.

Fostering the waste management with environmental-resource interacting attribute.

Effective waste management is essential for achieving sustainability, yet challenges persist in resource recovery and mitigating environmental impacts. The environmental-resource interacting attribute framework quantifies these difficulties in waste processes, revealing attribute bias and guiding treatment pathway selection. Here we analyze twelve waste categories and reveal significant variability in recyclability and environmental impact. For instance, copper slag demonstrates a range of 25.25-285.46 bit-1 (the unit is the inverse of information entropy), indicating greater recyclability, while downcycling pathways exhibit the highest values (up to 285.46 bit-1), emphasizing resource recovery (up to 77.45° while degree indicates bias). It proposes a classification of waste based on environmental-resource interacting attribute values, prioritizing materials with high recovery potential to prevent irreversible losses. The framework offers insights into waste recyclability and environmental burdens, serving as an alternative tool for advancing waste management towards a circular economy and reducing carbon emissions.

Open thrombectomy and reconstruction of the rolandic vein in a parasagittal meningioma: recovering motor evoked potentials. Illustrative case.

Parasagittal meningiomas commonly invade the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and cortical veins. Reconstructing the veins can be challenging after radical meningioma removal, especially when major venous sinuses and veins are involved. The authors present a video showcasing the reconstruction of the rolandic vein during surgery for a large parasagittal meningioma. The video shows the surgical technique and motor evoked potential recovery after venous drainage returns to normal. A 59-year-old woman had been experiencing progressive weakness in her right lower limb over the past year. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a consistent enhanced mass in the left parasagittal region over the motor area, indicating meningioma. Magnetic resonance venography showed a complete blockage of the SSS. The patient experienced the loss of motor evoked potentials after tumor removal and thrombosis of the rolandic vein. An open thrombectomy was performed, and the vein was reconnected to the SSS. The patient recovered her basal motor evoked potential. The video of a rolandic vein reconstruction emphasizes the significance of preserving and restoring venous blood flow in eloquent areas. Monitoring is crucial during meningioma surgery involving the SSS and cortical veins in the motor area to identify and reverse any motor and sensory deficits, ensuring optimal resection while maintaining the patient's quality of life. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24601.

Facilitating Cathode Regeneration via Defect‐Driven Prelithiation

AbstractDirect regeneration of electrode materials has been in the spotlight due to its potential resource recovery and environmental benefits, especially for LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) cathode materials. Yet, prior studies have predominantly emphasized innovating regeneration methods, overlooking the intrinsic defects of spent NCM and their effects in the regeneration process. This study proposes a mechanism aimed at facilitating lithiation regeneration by modulating the surface defects of spent NCM. The generation of oxygen defects in degraded NCM intensifies the adsorption of lithium source, effectively reducing the energy barrier for Li+ migration from surface to bulk. Simultaneously, mechanical energy is employed to alter the local thermodynamic state to provide a driving force for lithium migration, allowing it to undergo a prelithiation reaction before roasting. The temperature range in which the phase transition occurs during the roasting process becomes more concentrated. This contributes to increasing opportunities for lithium insertion and accelerates the repair of crystal structure, resulting in favorable properties of regenerated materials. This strategy innovatively exploits the inherent defects of spent NCM, proposes the critical role of synergistically regulating defect kinetic and thermodynamic features in facilitating regeneration, providing a unique perspective for the design of direct NCM regeneration technology.

Application of Brain-Computer Interface Technology in Neurorehabilitation

Abstract. Neurorehabilitation is a very important area that aims at bettering lives of patients who have neurological disorders and have severely damaged motor functions and impaired communications abilities. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology has emerged as one of the highly promising tools in the application of neurorehabilitation, having innovations in motor recovery, speech restoration, and independence for patients. This review presents the applications and efficiency of brain-computer interface technology in neurorehabilitation procedures related to high-incidence neurological disorders like stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, and complex neurological disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Among these, some BCI approaches, mostly based on electroencephalographic recordings, have shown promising potential for motor recovery, communication, and improvement of independence in patients. It discusses key modalities like motor imagery-based training, neurofeedback, and robotic assistance, together with the landmark studies proving their efficacy. Moreover, it pays attention to basic and clinical research and points out the challenges and future directions for the alleviation of limitations in BCI technology. Despite the fact that BCI technology still has some basic problems at this point in terms of signal acquisition, processing, and individual training, there is huge potential for application in developing neurorehabilitation and improving the quality of life of those patients who have undergone serious neurological injury.

Biological augmentation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone marrow aspirate concentrate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Biological augmentation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) is gaining attention for its theoretical potential to enhance postoperative healing and recovery. However, its clinical benefits remain uncertain, and its high cost raises questions about efficacy. Hence, we systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of BMAC in ACL reconstruction. Our search included Cochrane, EMBASE, OVID, PubMed, and Scopus databases for RCTs evaluating the use of BMAC in ACL reconstruction. Primary outcomes focused on International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores and Lysholm scores. Secondary outcomes included MRI-related outcomes and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration), with heterogeneity assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I2 statistics. 221 patients from five RCTs were included, with 109 (49.3%) receiving BMAC augmentation. Follow-up ranged from 11.05 to 24 months. No significant differences were found in postoperative IKDC scores between the BMAC and control groups at, three, six and 12 months. The BMAC group had significantly higher IKDC scores at 24 months; however, this difference was unlikely to be clinically significant. No significant differences were observed in postoperative Lysholm scores at 12 or 24 months. MRI-related outcomes suggested potential graft recovery improvement with BMAC, and complication rates were comparable between groups. In summary, biological augmentation with BMAC in ACL reconstruction does not significantly improve early patient-reported outcomes but offers potential benefits in graft recovery without increasing complication rates.

Thymoma-associated paraneoplastic encephalitis resolved by robotic-assisted radical thymectomy: a case report

BackgroundWe present a rare case of autoimmune encephalitis associated with an incidentally discovered thymoma. Limited case reports exist of thymoma-associated paraneoplastic encephalitis. The unique clinical presentation and subsequent surgical intervention offer valuable insights into the management of similar cases.Case presentationA 41-year-old female presented with irritability, personality changes, fatigue, and seizures. Physical examination and bloodwork on first encounter were unremarkable. Neurological evaluation was done, and a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast demonstrated numerous hyperintensity foci within bilateral cerebral cortices on T2-/FLAIR-weighted images affecting only the supratentorial brain, findings highly suggestive of encephalitis. A chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an anterior mediastinal mass compatible with a thymoma. Cerebrospinal fluid from a lumbar puncture was unremarkable. Paraneoplastic autoantibody evaluation was positive, and the patient was diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis believed to be associated with an incidentally discovered thymoma. Given her rapid neurological deterioration, the thoracic surgery team was urgently consulted.Patient underwent robotic-assisted radical thymectomy with prompt resolution of symptoms. During her 2-week postoperative visit, she was neurologically intact with no residual deficits. Follow-up MRI at 6 months demonstrated resolution of abnormal signal intensities, with continued improvement noted 1-year post-operation. Chest CT scans at 6 and 12 months revealed no residual or recurrent thymic tissue.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the connection between thymoma and autoimmune neurological disorders like encephalitis. It emphasizes the significance of comprehensive neurological and oncological assessments for patients with unexplained neurological symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment led to positive outcomes in this case, underscoring the potential for full recovery in similar cases.

Scientific and innovation potential recovery of Ukraine: from entrepreneurial to innovation universities

The article reveals the modern problem of Ukrainian strategizing practice of socio-economic development that a separate factor associated with the creation of research, entrepreneurial, and innovation Universities has been absent there. It is shown that this reality directly contradicts the current world trends, where the development of the mentioned types of universities is an important priority of the state economic policy. An analysis of the evolutionary transformation of the content and role of the functioning of university-type institutions as a production factor of the economic development of countries, which ensures the influence of the scientific activity of universities on the effectiveness of economic systems, is performed. A review of the literature is presented, which demonstrates the evolution of organizational types of universities from purely research to entrepreneurial and innovative ones.A problematic analysis of the state of innovative performance of Ukrainian universities, particularly those that had the status of “research”, was carried out according to official statistics of inventive activity, which reflect the indicators of the stages of the innovation cycle: the number of received patents, inventions, useful models and industrial samples. This analysis of the innovation potential of the leading Ukrainian universities showed that they do not ensure the commercialization of their inventions and scientific and technological developments in the form of industrial samples. In this context, for the post-war restoration of the scientific and innovative potential of Ukraine, it is proposed to create organizational and material and technical conditions for the formation and effective functioning of research, entrepreneurial and innovative universities. It is shown that the implementation of an innovative model of economic development in Ukraine determines new principles of organization of the field of higher education and science, which provide this field with a central place in innovation ecosystems through the introduction of the “Triple Helix” model that should be included in management on all stages of innovation cycle.

A High‐Efficiency System for Long‐Term Salinity‐Gradient Energy Harvesting and Simultaneous Solar Steam Generation

AbstractThe vast energy stored in the ocean, which receives an average solar power of ≈60 000 TW per year, surpasses human energy consumption by three orders of magnitude. Harnessing even a small fraction of it holds great promise in addressing global energy and water crises. Here, an integrated device that achieves unprecedented power density up to 1.1 W m−2 with excellent stability through a salinity concentration gradient induced by solar evaporation, while simultaneously producing clean water at a rate of 1.25 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun irradiation is presented. The remarkable electricity generation capability stems from the unique interlayer structure of polyaniline‐graphene oxide‐MnO2 (PANI@GO/MnO2) electrodes, enabling the recovery of electrochemical potentials from a wide range of ion salinity concentrations within the device and the additional Donnan potential generated by the anion‐exchange membrane. Furthermore, periodic flipping of the device effectively reactivates the electrodes and suppresses salt accumulation, enabling long‐term operation. Notably, a prototype device of 8 × 25 cm2 exhibits a short‐circuit current of 10 mA and an open‐circuit voltage of 10.2 V, as well as a clean water production rate of 24.8 g per hour. These findings shed light on the reliable technology for power and freshwater supply in marine environments.

Combined Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Orthopedic Fixation in a Patient with Multiple Comorbidities: A Case Report

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition and leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The management of orthopedic injuries requiring surgical fixation is particularly complex in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Coordinating the sequence, timing, and execution of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and orthopedic fixation requires careful consideration of the patient’s overall health, surgical risks, and recovery potential. Case presentation: A 55-year-old male presented with a right distal tibial fracture following a fall. His medical history included HTN, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Kyrle’s skin disease. During his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Severe multivessel CAD was confirmed by catheterization. After interdisciplinary consultation, simultaneous CABG and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the tibial fracture were performed. He was discharged in good condition and showed positive recovery during a one-month follow-up. Discussion: This case highlights the complexities of managing patients with multiple comorbidities who require both cardiac and orthopedic surgeries. This simultaneous approach allows for efficient treatment, leading to a shorter hospital stay and recovery period. This report supports the feasibility and benefits of simultaneous surgery in complex clinical scenarios, although further studies are required to establish broader guidelines. Conclusion: Our case emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for managing patients with multiple comorbidities who require concurrent surgical intervention. Preoperative planning and specialty coordination ensured optimal outcomes. Further research is needed to develop standardized guidelines for intraoperative care of patients undergoing simultaneous procedures.

Electrophysiological characteristics of pulmonary vein conduction recovery after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation

This study aimed to identify the specific site of pulmonary vein conduction recovery after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) for improved outcomes and reduced recurrence. Patients who underwent RFA for AF at our institution were included. The ablation procedure was guided by the ablation index (AI) and left, and right atrial pressures were monitored before and after ablation. Additionally, the recovery time of the sinoatrial node under Burst 400/300 ms stimulation was examined. Among 60 repeat procedure patients, 48 had paroxysmal and 12 had persistent AF. The recovery sites were 36.6% in the left anterior superior, 35% in the right anterior superior, 20% in the left anterior inferior, 20% in the right anterior inferior, 13.3% in the right top, and 11.6% in the left top. Preoperative and postoperative left and right atrial pressures were significantly higher in the persistent AF group compared with the paroxysmal AF group (P < 0.01). Postoperative left atrial pressures were significantly elevated compared to the preoperative levels in both groups (P < 0.01). Sinoatrial node recovery time in the persistent AF group was significantly longer compared with the paroxysmal AF group (P < 0.01). Under the guidance of AI, the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency surgery and the recovery of pulmonary vein potential are mostly concentrated in the upper anterior, lower anterior, and upper left and right pulmonary veins. As the duration of atrial fibrillation prolongs, the left and right atrial pressure increases year by year, while the recovery time of the sinus node gradually prolongs.

Study of municipal solid waste treatment using plasma gasification by application of Aspen Plus

Abstract Plasma gasification is a viable and efficient technique for handling solid waste, including hazardous waste, while also holding the potential for energy recovery. The objective of this study is to analyze the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) using plasma gasification by application of Aspen Plus software. An earlier proposed model was used to analyze the effect of employing different types of gasifying agents as plasma gas, on the composition of syngas produced. The lower heating value, cold gasification efficiency and carbon conversion efficiency were calculated and compared in each case. A sensitivity analysis study was also carried out to observe the effect of variation in plasma gas flow rate and feed flow rate on the composition of syngas generated. The capital, operational and maintenance costs of the process were determined using existing correlations. For a feed rate of 20,000 kg per hour of MSW, the highest yield of syngas (CO (33.48 %), and H2 (34.30 %) with the highest LHV (7.9 MJ/N-m3)) were produced when air was employed as plasma gas. The cold gas efficiency and the carbon conversion efficiency were at their peak when air was used as the gasifying agent. The sensitivity analysis revealed that as the flow rate of plasma gas increases syngas production decreases while the increase in MSW flow rate results in an increase in syngas production. Additionally, the cost analysis revealed that for a plasma gasification plant that can handle 500 tons of MSW per day, the estimated capital and annual operational and maintenance costs are $125,496,721 and $9,833,892 respectively.

Dynamic characteristics and transmission efficiency of energy-harvesting shock absorber with low speed and heavy duty capacity

Traditional hydraulic shock absorbers commonly encounter challenges such as cavitation, oil leakage, and the management of energy dissipation. The proposed regenerative shock absorber, which utilizes a ball screw mechanism, offers advantages such as high efficiency and heavy load capacity. This paper focuses on the design, modeling, and testing of a mechatronic shock absorber. Virtual prototype simulation techniques are employed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the shock absorber. The paper presents a systematic efficiency model of a shock absorber, which is based on the ball screw and gearbox mechanisms. The study comprehensively analyzes the effects of rotation speed, axial load, and structure parameters on transmission efficiency. The results demonstrate that a peak power of 38 W can be achieved with a damping force of only 340 N, and the recovery efficiency can reach up to 28%. The experimental test results validate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed dynamic and efficiency models. The originality of this study lies in the development of a novel energy-harvesting shock absorber with a ball screw mechanism in series with a gearbox, which shows excellent energy recovery potential and transmission efficiency under low speed and high duty conditions.

Variation in the Composition of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash

Unlike municipal solid waste bottom ash (MSWBA), fly ash (MSWFA) is landfilled due to its toxicity. However, MSWFA may also be a source of elements. Ash samples collected from a Portuguese MSW incinerator from different locations and over six months were analyzed. Their geochemical composition was normalized to the upper continental crust (UCC) and compared since metal enrichment may be used as an indicator for potential recovery. The potential recovery economic viability was also assessed for metals K, Sb, Cu, Pb, and Zn, considering the ore cut-off grade and minimum industrial grade (MIG) from Chinese geological and mineral industry standards. Compared to the global samples, only the Baghouse 1 FA size fraction’s coarse fraction showed a slight enrichment (1- to 5-fold) in Bi, Nb, and Zr. After wet sieving, most trace elements were enriched in all fractions, but Sb, Bi, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Cd, Sn, Se, and Hg were depleted in the coarse fractions and enriched in the fine ones. For Baghouse 1 samples collected over 6 months, the normalization to the UCC showed enrichment of Zn and Pb between 10× and 50×, Zr, Cu, In, and Se between 50× and 100×, and Ag, Mn, Cd, Sb, and Bi at more than 100×. Over six months, the Baghouse 1 FA soluble fraction ranged between 21 wt.% and 30 wt.%, and its precipitates comprised 27% CaO, 6% Na2O, and 9% K2O. The K concentration in the MSWFA was above the cut-off and the MIG, and K could be concentrated in precipitates via simple washing.

Waste Heat Utilization in Marine Energy Systems for Enhanced Efficiency

The maritime industry, central to global trade, faces critical challenges related to energy efficiency and environmental sustainability due to significant energy loss from waste heat in marine engines. This review investigates the potential of waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies to enhance operational efficiency and reduce emissions in marine systems. By analyzing major WHR methods, such as heat exchangers, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, thermoelectric generators, and combined heat and power (CHP) systems, this work highlights the specific advantages, limitations, and practical considerations of each approach. Unique to this review is an examination of WHR performance in confined marine spaces and compatibility with existing ship components, providing essential insights for practical implementation. Findings emphasize WHR as a viable strategy to reduce fuel consumption and meet environmental regulations, contributing to a more sustainable maritime industry.

Abstract Su902: Ability of Composite Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Scores to Predict Functional Outcomes in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest

Background: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been examined for neuroprognostication (NP) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, studies have focused on predicting poor outcomes of non-awakening and/or death. Recommendations for utilization of brain MRI in NP remain weak due to its subjective interpretation. Aim: We modified a previously published brain MRI score and examined our quantitated NP scores’ ability to predict good functional outcomes in OHCA survivors. Methods: We screened OHCA cases (2017-2023, Seattle Medic One registry) for patients who survived to hospital discharge and had brain MRIs performed 25 hours-7 days after arrest. Each MRI was reviewed by two adjudicators; a third reviewer served as tie-breaker. Reviewers were blinded to patient outcomes. Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery sequences were reviewed to score 35 neuroanatomical regions. Graded severity for estimated affected area (0 = zero; 1= &lt; 25%; 2 = 25-50%; 3 = 50-75%; 4 = &gt;75%) and binary (0 = not affected, 1 = affected) scores were tallied. Points were summed for a composite brain MRI score, “ NP score ”, possible range 0-214. Primary outcome was Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at hospital discharge (1-2: “independent”, 3: “dependent”, 4: “vegetative state”). Computational modeling employed folded normal distributions and Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Statistical analyses were Pearson’s, Spearman’s, ANOVA, Fisher LSD, t-tests. Results: Forty-two (42) adult patients were included (74% men, 55% Caucasian). Median NP score was 11.5 (IQR 41.5, n=42) overall, 2 (IQR=10, n=21) for independent versus 25.5 (IQR 36.5, n=10) for dependent patients, and 92 (IQR=81, n=11) for those in a vegetative state. NP scores strongly correlated with CPC [ r s (40) = .69, p&lt; .001 ], and were significantly different between CPC groups [F(2,39) = 32.66, p&lt; 0.001 ]. Interrater concordance for NP score was high (Pearson) r = .88 [r = .96; .95; .90; .71]. Conclusions: Our NP score correlated well with good functional outcomes in OHCA survivors, and (1) identified distinct thresholds that well-separate functional outcome groups and (2) had very strong concordance rate among four pairs of adjudicators. NP score-based predictive modeling differentiates functional outcomes beyond good versus poor dichotomy and may help providers and family anticipate recovery potential.

Investigation of particle size distribution and ultrafiltration of digestates from short-fibre residues in paper mills

ABSTRACT Industrial digestates from short-fibre residues, generated in paper recycling mills, are driving interest in resource recovery. This study aims to explore their potential for water recovery. Understanding particle dynamics aids in optimizing dewatering for digestate management. The particle size distribution in this study revealed significant fractions: &amp;lt;0.63 μm (6–20%), 0.63–20 μm (38–52%), and &amp;gt;20 μm (11–16%). Pre-treatment with Na4P2O7 and H2O2 enhances settling and lowers total dissolved solids (TDSs) but results in variation of size distribution. Additionally, this study investigates further water reuse in paper mills, focusing on the quality of ultrafiltration (UF) permeate obtained from the digestate of short fibres. UF permeate analysis reveals deviations from freshwater standards in paper mills. Despite effective TS removal, UF permeate falls short of paper mill water standards due to high TDSs, electrical conductivity, and nutrient concentrations, necessitating further downstream treatment with nanofiltration or reverse osmosis. A substantial reduction of permeate flux from 31 to 5 L/(m2·h) over the time indicated fouling and inefficient membrane wash. The silt density index of the UF membrane at 30 min registered 2.1, suggesting potential fouling. Further investigations on optimizing UF operations to enhance permeate flux and exploring alternative UF membranes are required.

Experimental Analysis of Gas Injection Feasibility and Evaluation of Enhanced Recovery Potential in Mahu Tight Conglomerate Reservoirs.

A series of development technologies of "horizontal well plus volume fracturing" have been established to achieve an annual output of one million tons of crude oil in 7 the Mahu tight conglomerate reservoir. However, such oil fields generally face problems such as rapid pressure drop, rapid production decline, difficulty in water injection, and gas channeling, seriously affecting the beneficial development of tight conglomerate reservoirs. To solve these problems, in this study, we carried out the feasibility experiment of different gas injection developments and the potential evaluation of enhanced oil recovery based on the combination of laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. The results show that CO2, rich gas, and dry gas can be miscible with crude oil in X oilfield under the original formation conditions. Both CO2 and hydrocarbon gas have expansion and viscosity reduction abilities. Under the same mole fraction of injected gas, the volume expansion ability and viscosity reduction ability of CO2 to crude oil are 2.14 and 2.25 times that of hydrocarbon gas, respectively. Numerical simulation results show that the well pattern suitable for gas injection and energy supplement is a vertical well injection and horizontal well production, and the angle between the horizontal well direction and the horizontal maximum principal stress direction is between 0° and 30°. Both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations show that the CO2 injection medium has the best recovery effect, which can increase the recovery rate by 13.8% compared with the depletion development. This research provides insights into the effective development of tight conglomerate reservoirs.

EARLY MOBILIZATION AND ITS PROTOCOLS AT HOSPITAL DISCHARGE IN ADULT PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Introduction: The highly complex hospital environment was created with the aim of providing intensive care to patients with severe acute conditions or system instability, with the potential for recovery. A growing number of individuals survive the initial stage of treatment but do not show good progress. Poor progress in critically ill patients is due to immobility, which can cause several complications that influence recovery. The authors warn that the consequences of immobility can last up to 5 years after hospital discharge. Several published studies have highlighted that MP is associated with a reduction in the patient's time in hospital units. Several arguments based on other studies indicate that MP has been proposed as a promising intervention for critically ill patients, important for preventing postoperative complications and reducing hospital stay. Objective: To describe the influence of MP and its protocols on hospital discharge in adult patients in the ICU. Methods: Descriptive research by systematic literature review with the PICO strategy. Results and Discussion: Research conducted in the databases found 96 articles, of which 79 were discarded and 7 articles met all the inclusion criteria for this study. This study analyzed the influence of MP and its protocols on hospital discharge in adult patients in the ICU in the selected articles. Many issues should be investigated for a more assertive and guiding opinion, thus further highlighting the benefits of MP and its significant influence on hospital discharge. There is a need to outline a model to meet the specific needs according to the profile of patients and thus systematize MP in the ICU. Conclusion: We consider it important to conduct more studies to systematize the practice and highlight the improvements in the protocols and, thus, benefit the patient, favoring their recovery, hospital discharge and quality of life.