Reconstruction Attempts Research Articles

LanguageLogger: A Mobile Keyboard Application for Studying Language Use in Everyday Text Communication in the Wild

We present a concept and tool for studying language use in everyday mobile text communication (e.g. chats). Our approach for the first time enables researchers to collect comprehensive data on language use during unconstrained natural typing (i.e. no study tasks) without logging readable messages to preserve privacy. We achieve this with a combination of three customisable text abstraction methods that run directly on participants' phones. We report on our implementation as an Android keyboard app and two evaluations: First, we simulate text reconstruction attempts on a large text corpus to inform conditions for minimising privacy risks. Second, we assess people's experiences in a two-week field deployment (N=20). We release our app as an open source project to the community to facilitate research on open questions in HCI, Linguistics and Psychology. We conclude with concrete ideas for future studies in these areas.

О вербализирующих признаках ассонансного текста в сольно-групповом пении народов Кавказа

The questions of identification of the traditional musical culture of closely related ethnic formations in a regional angle of Russian folklore studies have acquired relevant meaning in recent times. Their examination makes it possible to establish the character of integration of a cross-cultural phenomenon in a separately viewed folkloristic areal. The present article illuminates the model of movable bourdon polyphony of the general Caucasus variety and the role of the typological assonant text taking up a parity position equal to verbal speech. The attempt of reconstruction of etymology of such a text and the discovery of patterns of verbalization in it permits the disclosure of additional functions of the bourdon strata of the songs’ texture in the context of figurative-emotional and structural content. Keyword: Caucasus cultural areal, regional culture, polyphony, solo-group singing, movable bourdon, assonant text, verbalization.

Recurrent rectourethral fistula repair: A novel technique of gracilis muscle interposition

BackgroundA perineal approach with gracilis muscle interposition (GMI) remains the most common in recurrent rectourethral fistulas (RUFs). The closure failures in10%–20% cases and urinary incontinence in 10%–80% cases referred to the disadvantages of the perineal approach owing to neurovascular damage. This article shows that the retraction of a survived muscle gracilis flap is one of the causes of fistula recurrence, and a simpler technique of the flap interposition is presented, requiring a less invasive perineal access. MethodsThree consecutive patients with RUF at the age of 5, 13 and 15 years who underwent multiple (3, 4 and 5) unsuccessful reconstructive attempts were referred to our clinic. The last procedure was performed with GMI. In all cases, these were acquired iatrogenic fistulas that occurred after operations for Hirschsprung's disease (2) or anorectal malformation (1), and subsequent dilatation of the anus. All patients had a colostomy several years ago. Reinterposition and distant anchoring of the survived graсilis flap were performed through the perineal approach, avoiding lateral and anterolateral dissection. ResultsThe early postoperative period was uneventful. In one patient, a stricture of the posterior urethra formed. Urethrotomy was performed in 3 months, with complete restoration of micturition. The colostomy was closed in all patients after 3–4 months. In the long term follow up within 4–8 years, no fistula recurrence was noted. ConclusionsThe suggested traction technique of GMI allowed: to minimize the perineal access size, hence minimizing the injury and the operating time; to place the anchoring suture outside of the inflammation zone, ensuring secure attachment; to provide precise flap positioning and intimate contact between the flap and the urethra. Level of evidenceLevel V.

Endoscopic Adipofascial Radial Forearm Free Flap Reconstruction of the Skull Base: A Technical Update.

Objective While most defects after endoscopic endonasal resections can be closed with local or locoregional options, rare cases require free tissue transfer. In this setting, while minimally invasive techniques have been described, the essential procedural details are lacking. The objective of this report is to describe several key technical modifications to free flap harvest and endoscopic-assisted inset which decrease morbidity and improve reliability and efficiency. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of consecutive patients treated at Washington University in St. Louis with endoscopic free flap reconstruction through a Caldwell-Luc/transbuccal approach between January 2016 and September 2019. Results A total of six patients underwent adipofascial radial forearm free flap with this technique, five for recalcitrant cerebrospinal fluid leak or pneumocephalus and one for osteoradionecrosis. All flaps survived and there were no flap-related complications. Five patients (83%) achieved successful healing and separation of the sinonasal cavity and intracranial space. One patient developed recurrent pneumocephalus. Three key technical modifications were identified that improve efficiency and reliability of flap delivery and inset: (1) use of an adipofascial radial forearm flap, without skin paddle; (2) wide resection of the anterior and lateral maxillary face to facilitate flap delivery; and (3) precise defect measurement and flap contouring prior to inset to prevent any need to debulk the flap in situ. Conclusion Endoscopic adipofascial radial forearm free flap delivered to the skull base through a Caldwell-Luc/transbuccal corridor is a feasible option with a high success rate and low morbidity when other reconstructive attempts have failed.

Genesis and establishment of the normative regulation of the institution of property in the primitive clan society

The subject of this research is the process of emergence and establishment of normative regulation of various forms and types of property in the kinship community. The object of this research is the normative regulation of property, usage of management of real and personal property at the stages of early and later kinship community in the historical dynamics. The goal consists in the attempt of approximate reconstruction of genesis, key stages and peculiarities of establishment of the normative regulation of initial forms and types of property based on the data of legal and economic anthropology. Research methodology is based on the anthropological concept of multilinear neo-evolutionism that allows accurate usage of materials on the synpolite primitive ethnoses for reconstructing the preliterate period overall, as well as different aspects of the genesis of state and law in particular. The novelty is defined by the fact that this topic has not previously become a topic of special examination within the Russian historiography. Using the wide variety of ethnological material, the author doubts the dominant in science representation of the primitive hypercollectivism, substantiates the emergence of complexly structures hierarchical system of property back at the stage of early kinship community, which was regulated by the ancient moral, religious and legal traditions – mononormativities. The consequences of Neolithic revolution are associated with the genesis of family property as the initial form of private property. Its establishment is demonstrated in the context of rights to real and personal property among the clans of economic-cultural types. The author believes that the formed in the Neolithic Age system of common law replaces the previously existing mononormativities in order to serve the new forms of property and socioeconomic relations in the stratified society that was moving towards the emergence of social classes and the state.

V09-08 CONVERSION OF COLONIC DIVERSION TO AN ILEAL NEOBLADDER WITH A CONTINENT CUTANEOUS CATHETERIZABLE CHANNEL USING THE EXTRA-MURAL SEROUS-LINED (MANSOURA) TECHNIQUE

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:In modern exstrophy practice, urinary diversion is typically reserved for patients with multiple failed attempts of reconstruction. Colonic diversion is associated with a...

RETURN TO PLAY ASSESSMENTS: RATES OF NEUROMUSCULAR ASYMMETRIES IN HEALTHY ADOLESCENT ATHLETES

Background:Return to play (RTP) assessments after ACL reconstruction attempt to identify patients with residual deficits that haven’t regained their preinjury function, in hopes of decreasing the high rate of reinjury in this population. However, the utility of common RTP assessments, including hop testing and Biodex isokinetic strength, remains to be better understood. In the adolescent population, RTP assessments commonly rely upon those used in adults with limited evidence. The purpose of the current study was to establish the performance of young healthy athletes on common RTP assessments.Methods:A prospective cohort study of 47 healthy athletes aged 12 to 16 years was performed. All athletes performed hop testing (4 components - single, triple, crossover and timed) and Biodex isokinetic strength (6 components - quadriceps and hamstring; 60, 180, 300 degrees/second). The results were compared to the contralateral leg with a deficit defined as greater than 10% less relative to the contralateral leg. Patient demographics including age, sex, BMI, and sport played, as well as the dominant and nondominant leg were recorded. Analysis was performed relative to a single extremity (total 94) to simulate the evaluation in the setting of ACL return to play.Results:A total of 17 males and 30 females were included, with 27 being 12-13 yo and 20 being 14-16 yo. Overall, at least one deficit was present in 61.7% of extremities. This was significantly more common in non-dominant (76.6%) than dominant (46.8%) extremities (p<0.001). Biodex isokinetic strength deficits were present in 55.3% of extremities, while hop testing deficits were present in 24.5% of extremities. A total of 17 extremities had deficits in both Biodex and hop testing, while 35 had isolated biodex deficits and 6 had isolated hop testing deficits. Biodex deficits were present for quadriceps strength in 18.1%, 7.4%, and 17.0% at 60, 180, and 300 degrees respectively, while deficits in hamstring strength were present in 27.7%, 11.7%, and 17.0% at 60, 180, and 300 degrees respectively. Hop testing deficits were present in 7.4% of single hop, 9.6% of triple hop, 9.6% of crossover hop, and 6.4% of timed hop testing.Conclusions:The current study demonstrates that asymmetries in strength and hop testing are common in adolescent healthy athletes. These deficits are more common for Biodex isokinetic strength testing than functional hop testing. Deficits are more likely to occur in the nondominant extremity.

Isolation and Characterization of Live Yeast Cells from Ancient Clay Vessels.

Ancient fermented food has been studied mainly based on residue analysis and recipes and reconstruction attempts were performed using modern domesticated yeast. Furthermore, microorganisms which participated in fermentation were studied using ancient-DNA techniques. In a recent paper, we presented a novel approach based on the hypothesis that enriched yeast populations in fermented beverages could have become the dominant species in storage vessels and their descendants could be isolated and studied today. Here we present a pipeline for isolation of yeast from clay vessels uncovered in archeological sites and transferred to the microbiology lab where they can be isolated and characterized. This method opens new avenues for experimental archeology and enables attempts to recreate ancient food and beverages using the original microorganisms.

Late XVI — early XVII century. iconostasis from the church of transformation in Skole: attempt of the reconstruction and specification of the attribution

Late XVI — early XVII century. iconostasis from the church of transformation in Skole: attempt of the reconstruction and specification of the attribution

A 3D building reconstruction method for SAR images based on deep neural network

Owing to its momentous applications in urban planning, disaster monitoring, smart cities and other fields, 3D building reconstruction is an important topic in many research areas such as computer vision, photogrammetry, and remote sensing. The particularity and complexity of the microwave scattering mechanism bring great challenges to the 3D building reconstruction of SAR images, and the applicability and automation of existing methods need to be improved. This study constructs the overall framework of building detection in SAR images and 3D reconstruction based on deep learning and radar imaging mechanism. It puts forward a method of using a coupled equivalent complex valued convolutional neural network for building facade detection in SAR images, a method for RaySAR-based modeling simulation and point cloud generation for 3D model training, and a method for a 3D generation network for 3D building reconstruction from SAR images. Experiments using TerraSAR-X and GF-3 high resolution SAR images are carried out, producing good 3D reconstruction results. The proposed method is a useful attempt for 3D target reconstruction of SAR images and represents a new technical approach.

Neo-Gothic Manor in the Village Kapustiany, Vinnytsia Region: a Hypothetical Reconstruction Attempt

Neo-Gothic Manor in the Village Kapustiany, Vinnytsia Region: a Hypothetical Reconstruction Attempt

Testing thermal photon and dilepton rates

We confront the thermal NLO vector spectral function (both the transverse and longitudinal channel with respect to spatial momentum, both above and below the light cone) with continuum-extrapolated lattice data (both quenched and with Nf = 2, at T ∼ 1.2Tc). The perturbative side incorporates new results, whose main features are summarized. The resolution of the lattice data is good enough to constrain the scale choice of αs on the perturbative side. The comparison supports the previous indication that the true spectral function falls below the resummed NLO one in a substantial frequency domain. Our results may help to scrutinize direct spectral reconstruction attempts from lattice QCD.

Composite Nasoseptal Flap for Palate Reconstruction.

Palatal fistulae represent a pathological connection from the oral cavity through the hard or soft palate to the nasal cavity and can present a significant reconstructive dilemma. Surgical correction of palatal fistulae is often limited by prior treatment, including ablative procedures and radiotherapy, or previous reconstructive attempts. In light of these challenges, the nasoseptal flap represents an excellent adjacent source of vascularized tissue which may be suitable for palatal fistula repair with minimal donor site morbidity, low associated risks, and a short recovery period. The purpose of this study was to fully understand the potential utility of this reconstructive option, including the ability to harvest a composite flap including both septal cartilage and contralateral mucoperichondrium. In this single institution prospective study consisting of a series of 5 cadaver dissections, primary outcome measures were the anterior reach of the flap as compared to the anterior nasal spine and the size of the palatal defect that the nasoseptal flap could be used to successfully reconstruct. Composite flaps were successfully harvested in continuity with a disc of septal cartilage and contralateral mucoperichondrium, providing structural integrity to the reconstruction and the ability to anchor the flap to the native hard palate mucosa. The nasoseptal flap's maximum anterior reach was within 2.0 cm (standard deviation of 0.1 cm) from the anterior nasal spine and could reliably reconstruct palate defects of 2.5 cm or less. The nasoseptal flap provides a viable regional option for reconstructing defects of the hard palate. Prospective clinical trials are needed to investigate long-term reconstructive and functional outcomes of the composite nasoseptal flap in palatal reconstruction.

Principles of Orthoplastic Surgery for Lower Extremity Reconstruction: Why Is This Important?

Regardless of the antecedent etiology, lower extremity salvage and reconstruction attempts to avoid amputation, restore limb function, and improve quality of life outcomes. This goal requires a treatment team well versed in neurovascular pathology, skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction, and physical rehabilitation. A review was performed of historical milestones that lead to the development of orthoplastic extremity reconstruction, principles of current management and the evidence that supports an orthoplastic approach. Based on available evidence and expert opinion, the authors further sought to provide insight into the future of the field centered around the importance of a multidisciplinary management protocol. Historically, orthopaedic and plastic surgeons worked separately when faced with challenging reconstructive cases involving lower extremity skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction. With time, many embraced that their seemingly separate skill-sets and knowledge could be unified in a collaborative orthoplastic approach in order to offer patients the best possible chance for success. First coined by the senior author (LSL) in the early 1990s, the collaborative orthoplastic approach between orthopaedic and plastic surgeons in limb salvage for the past several decades has resulted in a unique field of reconstructive surgery. Benefits of the orthoplastic approach include decreased time to definitive skeletal stabilization/soft tissue coverage, length of hospital stay, post-operative complications, need for revision procedures and improved functional outcomes. The orthoplastic approach to lower extremity reconstruction is a collaborative model of orthopaedic and plastic surgeons working together to expedite and optimize care of patients in need of lower extremity reconstruction. The implementation of protocols, systems, and centers that foster this approach leads to improve outcomes for these patients. We encourage centers to embrace the orthoplastic approach when considering limb salvage, as the decision to amputate is irreversible.

Naiadita lanceolata (Marchantiophyta) from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany: a new reconstruction attempt and considerations on taphonomy

The fossil liverwort Naiadita lanceolata is described here from lacustrine deposits occurring intercalated in the Albertibank complex of the Lower Keuper, Erfurt Formation (Ladinian, Middle Triassic) of Schleerieth, northern Bavaria, Germany. The specimens represent the stratigraphically oldest records of this taxon so far. Leafy gametophytic plants are preserved as impression-compression fossils and include four specimens also showing the terminal or subterminal sporophyte in situ, as well as four leafy stems bearing conical gemma cups with lobed margins. Based on the new material, a refined reconstruction of N. lanceolata is proposed. The new found specimens also shed light on some plant taphonomic processes. The monospecific N. lanceolata assemblages comprise mostly leafy gametophytic stems, often still showing the three-dimensional orientation of the foliage. Another peculiar characteristic is the mass accumulation of isolated sporophyte capsules, which are partially surrounded by perianth leaves, probably a useful propagule mechanism for the cleistocarpous capsules.

Salvage tracheal reconstruction after failed endoscopic or surgical intervention

Tracheal reconstruction in the presence of shortened organ length and additional constraints after failed initial surgical or endoscopic intervention are rarely reported, and the conditions for success are hardly ever analyzed. Individual patients undergoing secondary tracheal reconstruction by one surgeon are described and illustrated with radiographs, endoscopic video and audio files. Four patients underwent second reconstructive tracheal attempts for postintubation injury in 2 patients, after resection of adenoid cystic carcinoma in 1 and of esophageal granular cell tumor in 1. Two patients presented with iatrogenic esophageal airway fistulas, in one following placement of a self-expanding metal stent. The surgical approach consisted of a cervical incision in 3 patients, for 1 of whom the operation was the second part of two stages, and a cervicomediastinal approach in an additional patient. The principal cause of failure was incomplete mobilization, inappropriate use of a tracheal stent, misjudgment of anastomotic tension and inappropriately radical tumor resection, respectively. After secondary reconstruction, all patients were free of airway tubes without additional recurrent laryngeal injury. First reconstructive failures before successful, second tracheal reconstruction occur because of avoidable errors in judgment or technique. First tracheal reconstructions require careful planning to reduce avoidable error. Second reconstructions may succeed when adequate residual tracheal length remains. Both demand precise surgical technique.

Latissimus Dorsi-Rib Osteomyocutaneous Flaps for Composite Cranial Defects: A Case Series and Anatomical Study

PURPOSE: Latissimus dorsi-rib osteomyocutaneous flaps (LDRFs) are versatile in reconstructing compromised composite defects of the cranium. The flap restores the contour of the skull, protects the brain, and improves neurologic status. There are benefits to using autologous rib instead of alloplastic material; however, rib viability and flap success rely on adequate blood supply. Our aim was to present the outcomes of 6 patients treated with LDRF and provide an anatomical basis for this flap. METHODS: Six patients with cranial defects treated with LDRF were evaluated retrospectively. Defect size, etiology, previous reconstructive attempts, outcomes, and complications were assessed. Red latex was injected into the subscapular arterial system of 20 fresh cadaver sides. In the prone position, latissimus dorsi muscle was dissected from the ribs in a mediocaudal to superolateral direction to locate interconnecting vessels between the thoracodorsal and lateral posterior intercostal systems. The number, diameter and length of perforators, and distance from midline were measured. RESULTS: All patients had a history of ≥2 previous failed reconstructions. Defects were secondary to gunshot injury, post-CVA cranioplasty, postablation irradiation, and postfrontal intracranial hemorrhage cranioplasty. Three defects were reconstructed using 2 ribs, whereas the remaining 3 patients received 1 rib. A prolene mesh was used to fill in the donor site defects in 4 patients. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 35 months. All patients had stable reconstructions. Headache resolved in 2 patients after reconstruction, and neurologic status improved in 2 patients. An average of 13.75 perforators could be localized in each cadaveric latissimus dorsi muscle. No perforator was found for the seventh rib. Not all cadaver sides contained perforating vessels for the eighth and 12th ribs. The distance from the midline to the first perforator was not different between the ribs (P = 0.499). Perforator diameter and pedicle length tended to decrease at more inferior rib levels. The 10th rib (4.65 ± 2.01) followed by ninth rib (3.7 ± 1.63) had the highest number of perforators. The eighth and 12th ribs contained the least perforators. The eighth rib had the longest perforators (4.26 ± 1.52 cm). CONCLUSION: The LDRF can successfully address large composite cranial defects, provide support, and enhanced contour with negligible donor-site morbidity. The 10th followed by the ninth rib has the best vascular supply for this flap. If 2 ribs are considered for the flap, the ninth and 11th are recommended. If only 1 rib is necessary for reconstruction, the 10th is ideal.

An image encryption method based on selective AES coding of wavelet transform and chaotic pixel shuffling

Image encryption is a mainstream aspect in multimedia applications and as such it is a highly active research domain. Based on the increasing need for reliable image encryption this paper presents a new method which combines the Haar wavelet transform with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and pixel shuffling based on a chaotic logistic map. In the proposed method the Haar wavelet transform is calculated from the original image to obtain the different frequency domains of the image, namely, the approximation coefficient (LL) and detail confidents (LH, HL and HH). The approximation part (LL) is then encrypted by using the AES algorithm to create the image diffusion and the inverse of the Haar wavelet transform is applied. To further enhance the encryption strength a chaotic logistic map is used to shuffle the resulting image thereby making a malicious reconstruction attempt very challenging. The proposed method was evaluated in an extensive set of tests and compared to several representative methods from the literature. Test results show that it performed well across a variety of images and achieved a better level of image encryption and a lower level of image degradation.

СКАЗАНИЕ О ЮНОСТИ СИДА КАМПЕАДОРА И УТЕРЯННАЯ ПЕСНЬ О РАЗДЕЛЕ ИСПАНИИ: К РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ЭПИЧЕСКОГО СЮЖЕТА

The epic tale of Cid emerged and had been developing in the period from XII to XIV century A. D. We know it in various forms, including epic, chronicles, and romances. One of the main questions in its analysis is the problem of oral and/or written genesis of a given fragment in the hero’s biography. Throughout the long history of the tale existence, the image of Cid has been considerably transformed; the most definitive change occured in the process of adding the story of the young Rodrigo’s exploits to the contents of the Song of My Cid. It became the main topic in the later poems, historicized biographies of the hero, and romances. The beginnings of Cid’s heroic biography have engaged him into service to the king Fernando I; the hero himself starts to show some rebelliousness towards king’s sons (his actions as well as advices incur their constant displeasure). This fragment of the tale has been retold in the History of Spain (more specifically, its so called version critica existed under the title Cronica de veinte reyes) and were not preserved in poetical form. Hence, its (presumably, epic) source camn be established only by the method of reconstruction. In the paper, an attempt of such reconstruction is undertaken, based on the principles of epic plot making.

The repressive policy of the Polish authorities regarding priest Volodymyr Sternyuk in the early 1920’s: an attempt of historical reconstruction

The repressive policy of the Polish authorities regarding priest Volodymyr Sternyuk in the early 1920’s: an attempt of historical reconstruction