Recommendations For Athletes Research Articles

INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR DATA PROCESSING IN SPORTS USING THE RANDOM FOREST METHOD

A huge amount of data is collected and generated in modern sports. This data can be used to improve athletes' performance, make more informed coaching and strategic decisions, and increase fan engagement. However, processing, analyzing, and interpreting this data can be challenging. This article is devoted to the development of an information system for data processing in the sports sector using the random forest method. The system aims to ensure efficient collection, processing, and analysis of large amounts of data generated during sports competitions, training, and interaction with fans and other stakeholders. Research methods. This article proposes an information system (IS) for data processing in the sports industry using the Random Forest (RF) method. As one of the machine learning methods, it is well suited for working with large amounts of data and complex classification and prediction tasks. The proposed IS consists of three main components. The data collection module accumulates data from various sources such as sensors, GPS trackers, websites, and social networks. The data processing module cleans, normalizes, and transforms the data to prepare it for analysis. The data analysis module uses the RF method to analyze data, predict outcomes, identify patterns, and make decisions. The conducted research has shown that the proposed IS can be an effective tool for predicting the results of sports competitions with high accuracy, identifying patterns in the data that can be useful for coaches and athletes to improve their training and strategy, personalizing training programs and recommendations for athletes, increasing the level of fan engagement by providing them with personalized content and forecasts. The proposed IS based on the random forest method is a powerful tool for processing and analyzing data in the sports industry. Its use can lead to improved athletes' performance, more informed coaching and strategic decisions, and increased fan engagement. One of the most powerful and accurate machine learning methods, the random forest method, allows for reliable analysis and forecasting based on various types of data, including player statistics, match results, physiological indicators, and fan behavior data. The article describes the stages of creating an information system: from data collection to data processing, storage, and analysis.

The accuracy of shooting petanque iron balls: Effectiveness of resistance band training

Background Problems: There is an integration of strategy, calmness, and accuracy in petanque. Various training forms focus on several parts of the arm muscles to increase the stability of the arm muscles and the ability to throw the ball on target, however, no one has developed a training method that can enhance both accuracy and muscular strength. Research Objectives: This research aims to determine the effect of resistance band exercises on shooting accuracy in petanque athletes. Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest approach and a control group design. The research subjects were divided into two groups (experimental and control) and given different treatments. The total number of research subjects consisted of 40 athletes with an average age of 21.43 ± 2.48, a weight 56.07 ± 2.33, a height 170.41 ± 5.12, and a BMI 19.86 ± 2.56. Data analysis was tested using a one-way ANOVA to compare the two groups. Findings and Results: The research results indicated that resistance band exercises for 16 weeks had a positive and statistically significant impact on increasing shooting accuracy in the experimental group compared to the control group in petanque athletes. Thus, this research has provided evidence and recommendations for athletes and coaches that specific recommendations to improve throwing accuracy in petanque must be added with the contribution of strength training with resistance bands. Conclusion: The combination of resistance bands with other forms of accuracy training is also recommended for further research so that options for implementing strength training related to throwing accuracy become more varied to help improve petanque performance. This study can be used as a starting point for training variations that are documented in the literature, which can help coaches and athletes develop skills-related fitness components for the purpose of improving shooting accuracy capabilities in petanque.

Causes of runner’s diarrhea and dietary recommendations to avoid it - systematic review

Complaints of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms are common among endurance runners. These problems may interfere with athletic activities and be the main cause of underperformance during sports events. It is estimated that this difficulty affects 30 to 90 percent of long-distance runners. The most important pathophysiological factors affecting the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms are ischemia and mechanical damage to the intestines, as well as the secretion of neuroendocrine substances. The diet before physical exercise is also one of the most significant factors related to the appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms. Avoiding the intake of fat, caffeine, protein, fiber, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dehydration before performance is one of the suggestions for preventing runner’s diarrhea. There are new recommendations for athletes, such as avoidance of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) and the intake of multiple transportable carbohydrates. It seems that a short-term gluten free diet has no effect on the performance of athletes but further research is needed. Mechanisms of runner’s diarrhea are still poorly understood, so more research needs to be conducted to improve the recommendations to runners.

운동선수의 코칭역량이 심리적 행복감에 미치는 영향: 코치-선수 관계의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the mediating effects of coach-athlete relationships based on the relationship between coaching competency and athletes’ psychological happiness. Participants were 315 athletes in secondary schools, universities, or semiprofessional teams registered with the Korean Sport and Olympic Committee. The results of this study are as follows. First, there were differences in coaching competency, coach-athlete relationships, and psychological happiness according to the general tendency of the athletes. Second, athletes’ coaching competency had a positive effect on coach-athlete relationships and psychological happiness. Third, there were partial mediating effects of coach-athlete relationships based on the relationship between athletes’ coaching competency and psychological happiness. In conclusion, athletes’ coaching competency was a leading factor that promotes coach-athlete relationships and psychological happiness. Moreover, in the relationship between coaching competency and psychological happiness, the coach-athlete relationship was mediated, thereby facilitating psychological happiness. This study demonstrates that the higher the coaching competency of the athletes themselves, the higher the psychological happiness. and indicates that there is a need to consider the coach-athlete relationship in order for coaching competency to improve happiness. Based on the results, this study also discusses implications and recommendations for athletes’ coaching competency, coach-athlete relationships, and psychological happiness.

COVID-19, Inflammatory Heart Disease, and Vaccination in the Athlete and Highly Active Person: An Update and Further Considerations.

Members of the Community and Athletic Cardiovascular Health Network (CATCHNet) and the writing group for the Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society Joint Position Statement on the Cardiovascular Screening of Competitive Athletes provided previous guidance on the cardiovascular return-to-play (RTP) recommendations for athletes and highly active persons following COVID-19 infection.1 A significant accumulation of evidence has occurred, and the pandemic has evolved with new variants and the availability of highly effective vaccinations.

Recommendations for athletes and COVID-19 vaccinations: A South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) position statement - Part 3.

The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to the shutdown of all sport at a high cost to both the economy and athlete health. As risk-mitigating protocols evolved and were implemented, the playing of sport returned slowly to normal. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccinations enhances the means of protection and risk management for all. This South African Sports Medicine Association position statement provides recommendations for the vaccination of athletes.

Recommendations for athletes to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2

Recommendations for athletes to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2

Нарушение циркадных ритмов у спортсменов и возможности коррекции

Transmeridional movement and the corresponding change in the time zone are accompanied by a syndrome complex, which is called acute desynchronosis. Acute desynchronosis is manifested in athletes by pronounced disturbances of the sleep-wake rhythm and vegetative-vascular shifts. This can lead to a significant decrease in functional readiness of athletes and their temporary inability to fully work in the new environment. Similarly, moving to an area with an unusual climate also leads to the development of adaptive responses that reduce functionality. There are several therapeutic strategies to counteract the detrimental effects of jet lag on the normal circadian cycle. More research is needed to develop specific treatment recommendations for athletes.

Symptom Factors and Neuropsychological Performance in Collegiate Athletes with Chronic Concussion Symptoms.

The present study explored the relationship between specific types of postconcussion symptoms and cognitive outcomes in student-athletes with chronic concussion symptoms. Forty student-athletes with chronic concussion symptoms were given a battery of neuropsychological tests and rated themselves on a variety of postconcussion symptoms, which included the following factors derived from prior work: Physical, Sleep, Cognitive, Affective, and Headache. Cognitive outcomes included performance on composites for the memory and attention/executive functioning speed tests, respectively. The following covariates were also explored: Sex, depression symptoms, number of previous concussions, and time since injury. Headache was the only individual symptom factor that significantly (p<.05) predicted worse attention/executive functioning performance. None of the symptom factors were significantly related to memory performance over and above the variable of time since injury, such that longer time since injury was related to worse memory performance. Comparable to work examining symptom predictors of cognitive outcomes in acutely concussed samples, headache predicted worse attention/executive functioning performance. Additionally, we found that the longer athletes had been symptomatic since injury, the "worse" their memory functioning. Understanding how headache and the length of time an individual is symptomatic are related to cognitive outcomes can help inform treatment and recommendations for athletes with prolonged symptom recovery.

SISTEM INFORMASI DATA ATLET PADA KONI PROVINSI BANTEN

KONI (Indonesian National Sports Committee) Banten Province is an organization that acts as the parent in the field of sports that continues to foster outstanding athletes from several categories at the local, national, and international levels. In the world of sports, Koni plays an important role in cultivating and fostering athletes. To determine qualified athletes from various categories so that they are ready to take part in a sporting event can be seen from their physical condition and achievements. In this athlete's recommendation must go through the calculation stages manually from physical records, achievements and all trainers who understand it. To solve this problem, we need a system to help process athlete data from several categories which are then used as recommendations for athletes who are ready to be included in an event. Athlete data information systems are built on the basis of assisting in athlete data processing to be more effective and faster, this system is designed with the Waterfall development method in which the program flow design uses Flowcharts so that it becomes clearer how the athlete's information system can run according to good data processing mechanisms from the start of input, process and output. The programming language used is a visual basic language that has been popular and has proven its ability in handling data processing, which on this occasion the database is MySQL. This information system is certainly not immune to weaknesses whose hopes for the future to continue to be developed in order to continue to be useful and easy to operate.

Nutritional Risks Among Female Athletes.

Background: Limited research studies have been conducted on nutritional risks among female athletes. Therefore, this literature review focuses on rigorously designed studies that examined nutritional risks among female athletes with further recommendations for athletes, coaches, parents, and health professionals, which would help improve the health of female athletes. Methods: This review evaluates the most recent research on nutritional risk among female athletes. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed studies of original research on human subjects 13 years of age or older; sample size of N ≥ 19; and studies with a thorough description of their sample and methods. A systematic search of the databases PubMed and Cochrane for published studies (from year 2000 to year 2019) was conducted to identify articles that met inclusion criteria. Bibliographies of identified articles were also searched for relevant articles. Results: Of the 11 studies that met our inclusion criteria, most were mainly cross-sectional in design with few rigorous controls. Findings reveal that strategies to enhance nutrition patterns among female athletes may be important to avoid risks of disordered eating, eating disorders, low energy availability, and symptoms of relative energy deficiency in sports. In addition, general nutrition knowledge is lacking among athletes, sports teams, and coaches. Conclusions: This review highlights the scarcity of evidence-based, rigorous studies examining nutritional risks among female athletes. Findings suggest that interdisciplinary working groups, comprising physicians, sports dietitians, and other supportive health professionals, would be beneficial for female athletes in helping to improve their overall diet, performance, and health.

Nutrition Knowledge is Correlated with a Better Dietary Intake in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Nutrition education is one of the factors that may help to promote behavior change and therefore may improve the dietary habits of adolescent soccer players. However, information about the relationship between nutrition knowledge (NK) and the dietary behavior of these athletes is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the eating habits of adolescent soccer players and analyse the correlations among dietary intake and NK. Seventy-three Brazilian adolescent soccer players (aged 14–19 years), from four professional clubs, underwent anthropometric evaluation and completed 3-day food records. Misreporting of energy intake was evaluated and the dietary intake data were energy-adjusted and compared with recommendations for athletes and dietary reference intakes. The athletes also answered a questionnaire about barriers for healthy eating and a nutrition knowledge test divided into three sections: Basic Nutrition Knowledge (BNK), Sports Nutrition Knowledge (SNK), and Food Pyramid Nutrition Knowledge (FPNK). The participants showed a low NK (54.6%) and an inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, carbohydrates, and micronutrients. A positive correlation was found between the ingestion of phosphorus and FPNK as well as among calcium and both SNK and Total NK (p < 0.05). Sodium intake was negatively correlated with all categories of the NK test (p < 0.05). The adolescents reported that the principal barriers for adopting a healthy diet were the lack of willpower and a busy lifestyle. In this context, nutrition education is recommended and should also provide practicable healthy eating goals according to athletes´ lifestyle as well as target motivational barriers to increase adherence.

Exercise Recommendations for the Athlete With Coronary Artery Disease.

We provide a framework for formulating exercise prescriptions for those with CAD in order to achieve the "optimal" dose of exercise for each individual. Multiple epidemiological studies demonstrate that exercise is inversely associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), yet the risk of an acute coronary event is transiently elevated during vigorous exercise. In turn, CAD is the most common cause of exercise-related sudden cardiac death (SCD) in older athletes. When prescribing exercise recommendations for athletes with CAD, we should maintain equipoise between the benefits derived from sports participation and the risk of an adverse cardiac event. Athletes are not immune from atherosclerotic CAD, and we should perform risk assessments regardless of physical and athletic prowess. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to develop individualized exercise regimens for athletes with CAD.

Predicting Nocturnal Hypoglycemia with Measures of Physical Activity Intensity in Adolescent Athletes with Type 1 Diabetes.

For someone managing type 1 diabetes, understanding their body's glucose response to physical activity could aid in effectively addressing nocturnal hypoglycemia. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute temporal associations between blood glucose and measures of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through an accelerometer. Ten adolescent athletes with type 1 diabetes wore an accelerometer and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) consecutively for a minimum of 2 weeks. Physical activity was analyzed according to intensity indicating time spent in light, moderate, and vigorous intensities. Hypoglycemic episodes were defined as two successive CGM readings <70 mg/dL, at 5-min intervals, with an episode ending with at least two CGM readings >70 mg/dL. Incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred during 29% of the nights measured with an average duration of 52.33 ± 41.04 min. When combining total minutes of moderate and vigorous intensities a significant difference was observed between combined MVPA and number of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes (62.92 min vs. 49 episodes, P = 0.02). Moderate intensity activity alone was not significant in predicting hypoglycemic events or duration. Vigorous intensity physical activity was a significant predictor of nocturnal hypoglycemia after controlling for sedentary and light intensity minutes, age, and gender (β = 0.21, P = 0.01) with an average time of 26 min of vigorous intensity. Engaging in vigorous intensity physical activity increased the risk of prolonged nocturnal hypoglycemia in adolescent athletes with type 1 diabetes. Incorporating accelerometers into patient care could prove beneficial when making further recommendations for athletes.

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Incidents Following Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity in Athletes With Type 1 Diabetes

PURPOSE: For adolescent athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), proper glucose management during and after prolonged activity could prove difficult because of the body’s response throughout the process of gluconeogenesis. Understanding their body’s glucose response to physical activity could aid in effectively addressing nocturnal hypoglycemia. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute temporal associations between blood glucose and measures of moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity via an accelerometer in a sample of athletes with T1DM. METHODS: 10 adolescent athletes with diagnosed T1DM between the ages of 13 - 17 and who were involved in competitive sports in the previous 12 months were recruited for this study. All participants wore an accelerometer and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) consecutively for a minimum of 2-weeks with a total of 168 patient-days of collected data. Nocturnal hypoglycemia was defined as a blood glucose reading <70 mg/dl during sleeping hours that lasted ≥ 10 minutes as indicated by the CGM. RESULTS: Incidents of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred 29% of the nights measured with an average duration of 52.33 ± 41.04 minutes. A multiple linear regression showed vigorous intensity to be a significant predictor of nocturnal hypoglycemia after controlling for all variables (β=0.169, p=0.02) with an average time of 26 minutes of vigorous intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Engaging in vigorous intensity physical activity increased the risk of prolonged nocturnal hypoglycemia in adolescent athletes with T1DM. Incorporating accelerometers into patient care could prove beneficial when making further recommendations for athletes by improving glucose management. Funded by Children’s Hospital Foundation, Christensen Family, Norton Children’s Hospital, and University of Louisville.

Passive Heating: Reviewing Practical Heat Acclimation Strategies for Endurance Athletes.

Heat acclimation protocols—both active and passive—have been employed by athletes in an effort to attenuate the detrimental effects of heat stress on physical capacities and sports performance. Active strategies have been extensively reviewed, but have various practical and economic limitations. The purpose of this review was therefore to provide an overview of the passive strategies that have received less attention, yet may be more practical or economically viable; recommendations for athletes are also provided. With a systematic search of the relevant databases ending in June 2018, 16 articles on passive heat acclimation that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The review highlighted that passive heat acclimation strategies can successfully induce heat adaptations, evident by reports of improved exercise performance, thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses accompanying such interventions. Based on the review it is apparent that the use of sauna, hot-water immersion and environmental chambers may be used to provide heat stress under passive conditions, for the purpose of acclimation. To maximize the thermoregulatory-adaptive responses, exercise bouts should be employed prior to passive heat stress, rather than passive heating alone, with a minimal delay between exercise and the application of heat stress. Heating bouts should have a minimum duration of 30 min per session and be employed on consecutive days, when possible, with a minimum of 6–7 exposures to induce adaptation. This review identified that information regarding the magnitude of performance changes that can occur, as well as the perceptual responses to passive heating protocols is limited. Future research should investigate the use of passive heat exposures before and/or after repeated heat training sessions, to assess if a further boost to heat adaptation can be achieved with this strategy.

Influence of Dietary Acid Load on Exercise Performance.

Diet composition can affect systemic pH and acid-base regulation, which may in turn influence exercise performance. An acidic environment in the muscle impairs performance and contributes to fatigue; therefore, current trends in sports nutrition place importance on maximizing the alkalinity of the body with ergogenic aids and dietary strategies. This review examines the evidence on the effects of dietary manipulations on acid load and exercise performance. Ten studies that investigated the effect of high versus low dietary acid loads on athletic performance generally identified that low dietary acid loads increased plasma pH, but did not consistently improve exercise performance at maximal or submaximal exercise intensities. In addition, the few studies conducted have several limitations including lack of female subjects and use of exercise tests exclusive to cycling or treadmill running. Although the research does not strongly support a performance benefit from low dietary acid loads, a more alkaline dietary pattern may be beneficial for overall health, as dietary induced acidosis has been associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and bone disease. The review includes dietary recommendations for athletes to reduce dietary acid load while still meeting sports nutrition recommendations.

PRECOMPETITIVE EMOTIONAL STATE OF DANCESPORT ATHLETES

Background. The paper deals with the precompetitive emotional state of dancesport athletes before competition. Research aim was to analyze pre-competition emotional state of dancesport athletes. Methods. The pre-competition emotional state of dancesport athletes was established using methods of in- depth interview and participant observation. The main reasons for different types of emotional states were identified, and finally, recommendations for athletes and coaches how to overcome immoderate anxiety interfering with good competition results were developed. Results. Precompetitive emotional state before competition may be described as a complex multi-faceted phenomenon which consists of different psychological categories such as: anxiety, arousal, stress, self-confidence, concentration. The results of the interviews and participant observation showed that precompetitive emotional states of the dancesport athletes were both positive and negative. Positive emotional state was shown by the majority of participants. There were found six reasons of positive emotional state and five reasons of negative emotional state as well. Conclusion. To overcome the negative emotional state or reinforce positive emotional state before the competitions it is suggested to listen to pleasant music, do breathing exercises or do the mental exercise. The choice depends on the personal characteristics of athletes.

Recent Recommendations and Current Controversies in Sport Nutrition

Adequate nutrition is absolutely essential for optimal training and performance of the athlete. Unfortunately many athletes lack sufficient nutrition knowledge to guide proper food choices. Similarly, the health professionals that athletes most frequently turn to for nutrition advice are often ill-equipped to address specific nutritional needs and issues. This article will summarize the most recent macronutrient (i.e., carbohydrate, protein and fat) and fluid recommendations for athletes. Micronutrients that have been shown to be inadequate in the diets of athletes will also be addressed. Finally, current controversies in sport nutrition will be examined in light of the most recent research and guidelines for applications to the athlete will be provided.

Protein turnover, amino acid requirements and recommendations for athletes and active populations

Skeletal muscle is the major deposit of protein molecules. As for any cell or tissue, total muscle protein reflects a dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. Noninvasive and invasive techniques have been applied to determine amino acid catabolism and muscle protein building at rest, during exercise and during the recovery period after a single experiment or training sessions. Stable isotopic tracers (13C-lysine, 15N-glycine, 2H5-phenylalanine) and arteriovenous differences have been used in studies of skeletal muscle and collagen tissues under resting and exercise conditions. There are different fractional synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and tendon tissues, but there is no major difference between collagen and myofibrillar protein synthesis. Strenuous exercise provokes increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis, the opposite occurring during the recovery period. Individuals who exercise respond differently when resistance and endurance types of contractions are compared. Endurance exercise induces a greater oxidative capacity (enzymes) compared to resistance exercise, which induces fiber hypertrophy (myofibrils). Nitrogen balance (difference between protein intake and protein degradation) for athletes is usually balanced when the intake of protein reaches 1.2 g·kg−1·day−1 compared to 0.8 g·kg−1·day−1 in resting individuals. Muscular activities promote a cascade of signals leading to the stimulation of eukaryotic initiation of myofibrillar protein synthesis. As suggested in several publications, a bolus of 15-20 g protein (from skimmed milk or whey proteins) and carbohydrate (± 30 g maltodextrine) drinks is needed immediately after stopping exercise to stimulate muscle protein and tendon collagen turnover within 1 h.