Risk Of Recession Research Articles

Timing of Anterior Implant Placement Postextraction: Immediate Versus Early Placement.

Type of Case: Implant placement in a postextraction site in the esthetic zone is a challenge for clinicians, since esthetic expectations of patients are high and potential esthetic complications can be devastating. The timing of implant placement is crucial, since it has an influence on esthetic treatment outcomes and the risk of complications. The topic of this paper is the timing of dental implant placement in the esthetic zone in relation to removal of the tooth to be replaced. Two opinions on the topic are presented. The first author (TGW) contends that under certain circumstances, immediate implant placement is appropriate in the esthetic zone. The second author (DB) favors early implant placement performed after 4 to 8 weeks of soft tissue healing. Both cite literature to substantiate their position and present their current therapeutic approach. Each author has been allowed to review the paper with the opposing view and comment. Clinical Approach #1 (TGW): By definition, an immediate implant is one that is put into position at the same surgery that the tooth to be replaced is removed. Sites that respond optimally to this approach in the esthetic zone are those with adequate bone for implant stability and an intact socket. Also important is the complete degranulation of the socket and in infected sites, the use of systemic antibiotics. The best implant position is normally to the palatal side of the extraction socket. This allows placement of hard and soft tissue grafts on the facial aspect, which increases the probability of esthetic outcomes. Clinical Approach #2 (DB): Following tooth extraction, early implant placement is performed after 4 to 8 weeks of soft tissue healing. This surgical approach allows implant insertion and simultaneous guided bone regeneration with an intact mucosa, which improves the predictability of contour augmentation. It is done with a resorbable collagen membrane, which is combined with autogenous bone grafts and a low-substitution, hydroxyapatite-based bone filler. In combination with a correct 3-dimensional implant position, successful contour augmentation provides a low risk for mucosal recession, and a convex contour of the alveolar process. Both are important prerequisites for successful esthetic outcomes.

Residents’ journal review

Residents’ journal review

Estimating the Recession Risk Exposure of Stocks

This paper develops a new method to estimate a stock's recession risk exposure and finds that the exposure to macroeconomic risk is an important determinant for stocks' cross-sectional expected returns. I construct a recession score using financial ratios and find that firms with scores in the safest decile earn 13% per year more than firms in the most risky decile during recessions. These recession-score portfolios highlight exposure to recession risk and make good candidates to test linear asset pricing models. I find that the consumption-based CAPM can explain the cross-sectional returns on these recession-score portfolios, but the CAPM cannot.

Periodontal Plastic Interceptive Surgery for a Labially Impacted Maxillary Canine: A Case Report

Management of an impacted canine often leads to an inadequate width of attached gingiva, which can be a possible risk for future gingival recession and associated complications. Uncovering a labially impacted maxillary canine can be performed by gingivectomy, apically positioned flap surgery, or a closed eruption technique. Choosing the right technique is sometimes confusing. The authors present a case that was managed by apically positioned flap surgery followed by orthodontic treatment.

Stability of Contour Augmentation and Esthetic Outcomes of Implant‐Supported Single Crowns in the Esthetic Zone: 3‐Year Results of a Prospective Study With Early Implant Placement Postextraction

Early implant placement is one of the treatment options after tooth extraction. Implant surgery is performed after a healing period of 4 to 8 weeks and combined with a simultaneous contour augmentation using the guided bone regeneration technique to rebuild stable esthetic facial hard- and soft-tissue contours. In this prospective study, 20 patients were treated with an implant-born single crown and followed for 3 years. Clinical, radiologic, and esthetic parameters were recorded to assess treatment outcomes. At the 3-year examination, all 20 implants were successfully integrated, demonstrating ankylotic stability and healthy peri-implant soft tissues as documented by standard clinical parameters. Esthetic outcomes were assessed by the pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) and confirmed pleasing results overall. WES values were slightly superior to PES values. Periapical radiographs showed minimal crestal bone loss around used bone-level implants with a mean bone loss of 0.18 mm at 3 years. Only two implants revealed bone loss between 0.5 and 1.0 mm. One of these implants had minor mucosal recession <1.0 mm. This prospective study evaluates the concept of early implant placement and demonstrated successful tissue integration for all 20 implants and stable bone-crest levels around implant-abutment interfaces according to the platform-switching concept. The midterm 3-year follow-up revealed pleasing esthetic outcomes and stable facial soft tissues. The risk of mucosal recession was low, with only one patient showing minor recession of the facial mucosa. These encouraging results need to be confirmed with a 5-year follow-up examination.

Monetary Exit Strategy and Fiscal Spillovers

The paper models strategic monetary-fiscal interactions in the aftermath of the global financial crisis – in a single country as well as a monetary union. It depicts both the short-term (stabilization) perspective and the long-term (sustainability) perspective, and the link between them. This is done in a game theoretic framework that allows for revisions of actions, deterministic or stochastic. In addition, we consider incomplete information about economic conditions, and different types of government. We find that, under ambitious fiscal policies, a legislated long-term monetary commitment may: (i) reduce the risk of a double-dip recession and deflation in the short-term, and at the same time (ii) facilitate the 'exit strategy' of monetary policy, prevent sub-optimally high future inflation caused by fiscal spillovers. Our analysis thus implies that an explicit numerical target for average inflation may play the role of a monetary 'credibility insurance' over all phases of the business cycle, and is beneficial especially in countries facing fiscal stress.

Monetary Exit Strategy and Fiscal Spillovers

The paper models strategic monetary-fiscal interactions in the aftermath of the global financial crisis - in a single country as well as a monetary union. It depicts both the short-term (stabilization) perspective and the long-term (sustainability) perspective, and the link between them. This is done in a game theoretic framework that allows for revisions of actions, deterministic or stochastic. In addition, we consider incomplete information about economic conditions, and different types of government. We find that, under ambitious fiscal policies, a legislated long-term monetary commitment may: (i) reduce the risk of a double-dip recession and deflation in the short-term, and at the same time (ii) facilitate the ‘exit strategy’ of monetary policy, ie prevent sub-optimally high future inflation caused by fiscal spillovers. Our analysis thus implies that an explicit numerical target for average inflation may play the role of a monetary ‘credibility insurance’ over all phases of the business cycle, and is beneficial especially in countries facing fiscal stress.

Non-linéarité de la fonction de réaction des autorités monétaires tunisiennes

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier le comportement de la Banque centrale de Tunisie dans la conduite de sa politique monétaire. À cette fin, une règle de Taylor pour le taux d’intérêt est estimée en utilisant un modèle de régression à transition lisse sur la période 1990-2008. Les résultats suggèrent que la fonction de réaction est non-linéaire, convexe par rapport à l’inflation , concave par rapport à l’écart de production, et que l’aversion contre le risque d’inflation domine l’aversion contre le risque de récession. Ces résultats indiquent que les risques d’inflation et de récession qui guettent la conduite de la politique monétaire incitent la banque centrale à mettre en œuvre une approche de la politique en termes de gestion de risque quant à la manipulation de son taux directeur.

Unemployment in 2009 and its Implications for the U.S. Economy

The current recession’s impact on unemployment has been more pernicious than even the usual indicators show. The underemployment rate – which also counts part-time workers whose hours have been cut or would like to be working full-time – is almost certainly at its highest level since the Great Depression. The proportion of workers who have been jobless for over 15 weeks is the highest since the 1930s. And over 7.25 million jobs have been lost since the recession’s inception in December 2007. However, we maintain we are not merely experiencing a deep recession. Rather, we believe the current financial crisis can properly be viewed as a systemic banking crisis due to its sharp credit contraction, preceded by a housing price bubble and credit expansion. The unemployment rate is likely to peak at 11.5 percent if today’s crisis turns out to be similar to past credit crunches. A vicious cycle with a feedback loop may continue to develop. Rising unemployment rates lead to heightened foreclosures, causing economic activity to slow and further exacerbating unemployment. And the economic slowdown – coupled with the diminishing impacts of the stimulus program and the potential effects on the economy of withdrawal of the country’s large monetary and fiscal stimuli – may increase the risk of a double-dip recession.

Britain's tall building boom: now bust?

From early 2005 up to the freeze induced by the world's faltering financial markets during the first quarter of 2008, Britain experienced a demand for tall buildings of an unprecedented high level: in London alone, ten tall buildings have started, or were due to start on site, between the first quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2008. This is directly comparable in size with America's Manhattan Island skyscraper boom of the 1920s. The objectives of this paper are: first, to investigate the evolution of the UK tall building and determine the reasons behind this building form's growth at unprecedented rates; second, to define the UK tall building and compare it with the international tall building stage; third, to analyse the differing types of demand and categorise these subsectors of the UK tall building market; fourth, to calculate the size and value of this specialist construction market in the UK and forecast its growth potential; and finally, to analyse the latest negative market developments during 2008 and warn of the current match of the UK tall building market to the Skyscraper Index model and the resulting risk of full-blown economic recession.

The Effects of Global Financial Crisis on Nigerian Economy

The world economy is facing the most severe financial crisis since the Great Depression of the last century. The risk of global recession has heightened significantly and volatility of commodity prices, which is the mainstay of most developing countries like Nigeria, has increased further. If this situation continues to deteriorate, developing countries could be in great jeopardy. This study examined the influence of the Global Financial Crisis on Nigerian economy. It was discovered that the financial crisis will cause fall in commodity prices, decline in export, lower portfolio and FDI inflow, fall in equity market, decline in remittance from abroad etc. It was recommended that the federal government should come up with intervention policies that will minimize these effects and jump start the economy and that business operator should learn to do things using resources at their disposal to develop and expand at manageable level to stem the tide of the crisis.

Extended tracts of homozygosity identify novel candidate genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Large tracts of extended homozygosity are more prevalent in outbred populations than previously thought. With the advent of high-density genotyping platforms, regions of extended homozygosity can be accurately located allowing for the identification of rare recessive risk variants contributing to disease. We compared measures of extended homozygosity (greater than 1 Mb in length) in a population of 837 late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) cases and 550 controls. In our analyses, we identify one homozygous region on chromosome 8 that is significantly associated with LOAD after adjusting for multiple testing. This region contains seven genes from which the most biologically plausible candidates are STAR, EIF4EBP1, and ADRB3. We also compared the total numbers of homozygous runs and the total length of these runs between cases and controls, showing a suggestive difference in these measures (p-values 0.052-0.062). This research suggests a recessive component to the etiology of LOAD.

Dimensional changes of periodontal soft tissues after intrasulcular incision

In maxillofacial surgery, intrasulcular incisions are often used. This prospective case series was established to evaluate the detrimental effects of intrasulcular incisions on periodontal structures. In 35 patients, measurements of probing depth and crown length before and 10 months postoperatively were performed to calculate changes of attachment level and gingival recession. In a subgroup, surgically treated sites were compared with untreated control sites. A nonparametric test was applied for longitudinal and split-mouth comparisons. Overall, intrasulcular incisions did not induce significant attachment loss. The frequency of sites losing > or = 2 mm of attachment was 5.0%, 2.6%, and 4.7% at mesial, buccal, and distal sites, respectively. Intrasulcular incisions caused only a slight increase in gingival recession by 0.4 +/- 0.5, 0.2 +/- 0.3, and 0.3 +/- 0.4 mm at mesial, buccal, and distal sites, respectively. Within the limitations of the study design, it can be concluded that intrasulcular incisions without additional vertical incisions do not impose a serious risk for attachment loss and/or gingival recession.

Asset Pricing with Home Capital

I analyze a stylized consumption-based asset pricing model that features heterogeneous agents and household capital, and discover a novel recession risk factor related to the cross-sectional second moments of the corresponding investments into such home capital. In order to fully isolate the orthogonal effects at work, I completely shut off the well-known mechanism of Constantinides and Duffie (1996) by explicitly stipulating homoscedastic cross-sectional distribution of nondurable goods and services.

Orthodontic tooth movement of total buccally blocked-out canine: a case report

Orthodontic tooth movement of total buccally blocked-out canine is usually difficult as it is related with the problems of severe crowding, midline deviation, involvement of long root movement and risk of gingival recession. A case report was presented to illustrate the treatment principles. It demonstrated with careful planning in extraction sequence and orthodontic mechanics to deliver light, controlled force, condition of totally blocked out canine could be corrected with good results.

A Prospective Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Manual and Power Toothbrushes on Pre-existing Gingival Recessions

To evaluate gingival recession changes after six months of brushing with an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush (PT) or an ADA reference manual toothbrush (MT). Healthy subjects with pre-existing recession were assigned to brush with either a PT (n=55) or an ADA reference MT (n=54) according to a prospective randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel group design. Participants were asked to brush their teeth twice daily for two minutes each with the same fluoride toothpaste. Clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depths (PPDs) were measured at six sites per tooth to the nearest mm by one calibrated examiner at baseline and after six months. Gingival recession was calculated as the differences between clinical attachment loss and PPDs overall and separately at individual sites. As compared with baseline, overall recession at six months was reduced from 2.35 +/- 0.35 mm to 1.98 +/- 0.55 mm (p<0.001) in the PT group and from 2.26 +/- 0.31 mm to 1.90 +/- 0.45 mm (p<0.001) in the MT group. The data showed 40% (power) and 38% (manual) of all recession sites improved by at least 0.5 mm while 51% and 54% remained unchanged. Eight percent and 7% recessions increased over time. Differences between groups were not statistically significant at either timepoint. Both the PT and the MT significantly reduced pre-existing gingival recession after six months of brushing. This may have been due to improved brushing technique (i.e., Hawthorne effect). Based on these six-month data, concern that power tooth brushing results in a higher risk for gingival recession is not warranted.

Early Implant Placement With Simultaneous Guided Bone Regeneration Following Single‐Tooth Extraction in the Esthetic Zone: 12‐Month Results of a Prospective Study With 20 Consecutive Patients

Early implant placement is one of the treatment options in postextraction sites in the anterior maxilla. Implant placement is performed after a soft tissue healing period of 4 to 8 weeks. Implant placement is combined with a simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure to rebuild esthetic facial hard and soft tissue contours. In this prospective case-series study, 20 consecutive patients treated with an implant-borne single crown were prospectively followed for 12 months. Clinical, radiologic, and esthetic parameters were recorded to assess treatment outcomes. At the 12-month examination, all 20 implants were successfully integrated, demonstrating ankylotic stability and healthy peri-implant soft tissues as documented by standard parameters. The esthetic outcomes assessed by a pink esthetic score (PES) and a white esthetic score (WES) demonstrated pleasing results overall. The WES values were slightly superior to the PES values. The periapical radiographs showed minimal crestal bone loss around the used bone level implants, with mean bone loss of 0.18 mm at 12 months. Only one implant showed >0.5 mm bone loss, combined with minor mucosal recession of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. This prospective case series study evaluating the concept of early implant placement demonstrated successful tissue integration for all 20 implants. The short-term follow-up of 12 months revealed pleasing esthetic outcomes overall, as assessed by objective parameters. The risk for mucosal recession was low; only one patient showed minor recession of the facial mucosa. These encouraging results need to be confirmed with 3- and 5-year follow-up examinations.

Early Implant Placement With Simultaneous Guided Bone Regeneration Following Single‐Tooth Extraction in the Esthetic Zone: A Cross‐Sectional, Retrospective Study in 45 Subjects With a 2‐ to 4‐Year Follow‐Up

The concept of early implant placement is a treatment option in postextraction sites of single teeth in the anterior maxilla. Implant placement is performed after a soft tissue healing period of 4 to 8 weeks. Implant placement in a correct three-dimensional position is combined with a simultaneous guided bone regeneration procedure to rebuild esthetic facial hard and soft tissue contours. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 45 patients with an implant-borne single crown in function for 2 to 4 years were recalled for examination. Clinical and radiologic parameters, routinely used in implant studies, were assessed. All 45 implants were clinically successful according to strict success criteria. The implants demonstrated ankylotic stability without signs of a peri-implant infection. The peri-implant soft tissues were clinically healthy as indicated by low mean plaque (0.42) and sulcus bleeding index (0.51) values. None of the implants revealed a mucosal recession on the facial aspect as confirmed by a clearly submucosal position of all implant shoulders. The mean distance from the mucosal margin to the implant shoulder was -1.93 mm on the facial aspect. The periapical radiographs showed stable peri-implant bone levels, with a mean distance between the implant shoulder and the first bone-implant contact of 2.18 mm. This retrospective study demonstrated successful treatment outcomes for all 45 implants examined. The mid-term follow-up of 2 to 4 years also showed that the risk for mucosal recession was low with this treatment concept. Prospective clinical studies are required to confirm these encouraging results.

Oil and the U.S. Macroeconomy: An Update and a Simple Forecasting Exercise

Some analysts and economists recently warned that the U.S. economy faces a much higher risk of recession should the price of oil rise to $100 per barrel or more. In February 2008, spot crude oil prices closed above $100 per barrel for the first time ever, and since then they have climbed even higher. Meanwhile, according to some surveys of economists, it is highly probable that a recession began in the United States in late 2007 or early 2008. Although the findings in this paper are consistent with the view that the U.S. economy has become much less sensitive to large changes in oil prices, a simple forecasting exercise using Hamilton's model augmented with the first principal component of 85 macroeconomic variables reveals that a permanent increase in the price of crude oil to $150 per barrel by the end of 2008 could have a significant negative effect on the growth rate of real gross domestic product in the short run. Moreover, the model also predicts that such an increase in oil prices would produce much higher overall and core inflation rates in 2009 than most policymakers expect.

The global recession risk: dollar devaluation and the world economy

Introduction, Scope and Content Policy Contributions China in Need of a New Paradigm Japan after Deflation The Euro Area Currency Crashes The Restrictions of Policy of the United States Conclusion