Reception Systems Research Articles

Broadband Impedance Matching Techniques for Microwave Amplifiers [10-12] GHz

In this paper, we have modeled a low noise amplifier that we have adapted by band pass coupled resonator filters, using two adaptation techniques, the first is based on filters on a distributed elements and the second based on a combination of distributed and localized elements. We have used two kinds of transistors that are the FET and the HEMT. The obtained results showed that this amplifier is unconditionally stable in the whole band [10-12] GHz. Moreover, the gain is satisfactory. The reflection coefficients of the input and output S11 and S22 are low. The modeled amplifier in this work can be integrated in radar systems and satellite transmission and reception systems.

Functional and Structural Characterization of PaeM, a Colicin M-like Bacteriocin Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Colicin M (ColM) is the only enzymatic colicin reported to date that inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It catalyzes the specific degradation of the lipid intermediates involved in this pathway, thereby provoking lysis of susceptible Escherichia coli cells. A gene encoding a homologue of ColM was detected within the exoU-containing genomic island A carried by certain pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. This bacteriocin (pyocin) that we have named PaeM was crystallized, and its structure with and without an Mg(2+) ion bound was solved. In parallel, site-directed mutagenesis of conserved PaeM residues from the C-terminal domain was performed, confirming their essentiality for the protein activity both in vitro (lipid II-degrading activity) and in vivo (cytotoxicity against a susceptible P. aeruginosa strain). Although PaeM is structurally similar to ColM, the conformation of their active sites differs radically; in PaeM, residues essential for enzymatic activity and cytotoxicity converge toward a same pocket, whereas in ColM they are spread along a particularly elongated active site. We have also isolated a minimal domain corresponding to the C-terminal half of the PaeM protein and exhibiting a 70-fold higher enzymatic activity as compared with the full-length protein. This isolated domain of the PaeM bacteriocin was further shown to kill E. coli cells when addressed to the periplasm of these bacteria.

Mortality from infectious diseases among refugees and immigrants compared to native Danes: a historical prospective cohort study

Refugees and immigrants are likely to be vulnerable to mortality from infectious diseases as a result of high prevalences in their countries of origin and barriers in access to healthcare in the recipient countries. Consequently, we aimed to compare and investigate differences in mortality from infectious diseases among refugees and immigrants and native Danes. A register-based, historical prospective cohort design. All refugees (n=29139) and family-reunited immigrants (n=27134) who, between 1 January1993 and 31 December1999, were granted the right to reside in Denmark were included and matched 1:4 on age and sex with native Danes. Civil registration numbers were cross-linked to the Register of Causes of Death, and fatalities owing to infectious diseases (based on ICD-10 diagnosis) were identified. Mortality ratios were estimated separately for men and women by migrant status and region of birth; adjusting for age and income; using a Cox regression model, after a mean follow-up of 10-12years after arrival. Female [hazard ratio (HR)=4.15; 95% CI: 2.38, 7.25] and male (HR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.33) refugees experienced significantly higher mortality risks from infectious diseases than did native Danes, as was the case for male immigrants (HR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.76) but less so for female immigrants (HR=1.23; 95% CI: 0. 50-3.01). Mortality by region of origin was notably higher for individuals from North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Higher mortality among refugees and immigrants than among the native population should lead to reflections on medical reception systems in recipient countries and subsequent possibilities of access to specialised diagnostic and curative healthcare.

New Results on the Statistics and the Capacity of Dual-Branch MRC and EGC Diversity in Correlated Lognormal Channels

This letter addresses the performance analysis of dual diversity reception systems in correlated lognormal fading channels with not-necessarily-identical parameters. More specifically, novel results on the probability density function (PDF) and the ergodic capacity of dual-branch maximal ratio combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC) diversity receivers are presented. The proposed expressions find application in cost-sensitive diversity receiver implementations and handover designs.

The ‘Arab Spring’ and the Extraordinary Influx of People who Arrived in Italy from North Africa

Abstract The ‘Arab spring’ which spread in early 2011 and the consequent exceptional influx of people that arrived on the Italian coasts from North Africa put the national reception and asylum systems under particular pressure, also raising the debate on the status to be attributed to these people. Faced with a situation out of the ordinary, Italy immediately addressed a request for help to the European Union, which has revealed the difference of views and mistrust existing between Member States in relation to these issues. This episode also calls into question the scope and effectiveness of the EU migration management framework, particularly in case of strong and unexpected pressure, and its implementation in a true spirit of solidarity.

On the cumulative distribution function of quadratic-form receivers over generalized fading channels with tone interference

In this paper, we develop a general and unified framework for estimating the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of quadratic-form receivers. The expression of the CDF that we finally achieve takes on the form of a single integral with finite limits and integrand composed of elementary functions, which can be readily integrated using standard techniques. In particular, the specific contribution of this manuscript is twofold: i) we present a comprehensive framework for the analysis of multi-channel reception systems using either non-coherent or differentially-coherent detectors, diversity systems with practical (i.e., noisy) channel estimators, and Transmitted-Reference (TR) receiver architectures working in frequency-selective fading channels, and ii) we show that the framework can be efficiently used for performance assessment of wireless systems over generalized fading channels and, under mild assumptions, over generalized fading channels further impaired by in-band multi-tone interference.

Distribution and development of the highly specialized lipids in the sound reception systems of dolphins

Fat bodies in the heads of toothed whales, which serve to transmit and receive sound, represent extraordinary examples of physiological specialization in adipose tissues among mammals, yet we know surprisingly little about their biochemical composition. We describe the spatial distributions and development of unusual endogenous lipids (branched-chain ["iso"] molecules and wax esters) in the mandibular fat bodies of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using an ontogenetic series (fetus to adult; n = 10). Although concentrations of iso-acids, iso-alcohols and waxes were lower in younger dolphins than in adults, the same relative spatial arrangement was present in all age classes, implying a set "pattern" of acoustic lipid distribution that is established very early in life. In all age classes, a small region of blubber overlying the lateral region contained unusually high concentrations of iso-acids, exhibiting a tenfold increase over "normal" adjacent blubber. Being chemically more similar to the acoustic fat bodies, this region may serve as an entry point for sound into the head. Developmental accumulations of some iso-acids and iso-alcohols occurred more rapidly than others, implying that not only are the spatial distributions of branched-chain molecules under extremely fine-scale control, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling acoustic lipid synthesis are also highly complex.

1P-237 マウスにおけるうま味の受容・伝達メカニズムの解析(化学受容,第46回日本生物物理学会年会)

1P-237 マウスにおけるうま味の受容・伝達メカニズムの解析(化学受容,第46回日本生物物理学会年会)

Characteristics of the Light Reception Systems Concerning a Kenaf Individual Model

It is thought that plants have evolved to modulate the amount of light received by the leaves in order to raise the photosynthetic rate. By investigating a plant condensing system, it is small and a directive low condensing system may be able to develop. A compact condensing system with low directivity may be able to be developed by investigating the condensing method by a plant. This paper presents the results of an investigation into light reception characteristics using the numerical-analysis program (LAPS), with emphasis on a kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus) with division leaf of diversity. From this analysis, the relationship between the range of movement for the light source (sun) and the shoot configuration of a kenaf plant were clarified. There is a suitable shoot configuration, and the shoot configuration has a strong influence over the efficiency of light reception. The summer season is characterized by wide oscillations of the light source, and it is therefore necessary for the kenaf plant to adjust its shoot configuration in order to improve light reception.

Application of finite-element methods for calculation of reception systems for acoustic-emission inspection

Software as applied to problems of acoustic-emission diagnostics has been developed on the basis of the ANSYS package. Finite-element models of the processes of reception and acoustoelectric transformation of acoustic signals, their interaction with receiving devices, and simulation of contact layers have been developed. The results obtained allow the calculation of propagation of wave signals in elements of articles and receiving devices with allowance for their interaction with tested objects, the presence of connecting cables, and the conditions in the contact area. The experimental study performed has confirmed the efficiency of the numerical approaches proposed.

HDTV Mobile Reception in Automobiles

Mobile reception of digital terrestrial broadcasting carrying an 18-Mb/s digital HDTV signals is achieved. The effect of diversity reception in moving automobiles for a 64 quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QAM-OFDM) signal is investigated by prototype hardware. There are two methods for diversity reception of OFDM signals. The first is the Doppler compensation directivity control system. For this method, high-performance on-glass antennas and new diversity reception systems for OFDM reception have been developed to verify HDTV service availability in mobile reception environments. Novel horizontally polarized on-glass antennas suitable for DTV were developed. The antenna elements were printed on the inside surface of the rear window glass of a passenger van. OFDM signals received by the four antenna elements were weighted and combined using maximal ratio combining (MRC). The experiments were conducted in urban areas and they showed that employing diversity techniques would make HDTV mobile reception possible in many areas. The other method is post-FFT diversity. In the receiver, MRC is performed after an FFT operation on each branch signal. Experimental results show that accurate HDTV mobile reception can be achieved by using a four-branch MRC system. Also, the minimum usable electric field strength could be reduced compared with that of a single dipole antenna.

Minimum C/N requirements for DRM reception based on field trials

This paper presents field measurements results of minimum signal to noise ratio required to achieve a threshold BER based on the first medium wave Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) measurement campaign in Spain. The main goal of these measurements has been to compare the laboratory simulated values recommended by the ITU with field measurements using real transmission and reception systems and real propagation and reception environments.

A Study on the Design of Hospital Medical Examination Support Agent for PDA Application

OBJECTIVE: The bigger the size of order and hospital information of data causes more complex in the communication of each part in the hospital. Various departments such as medical examination, medical examination support, business management and the general management are working a patient medicine, a hospital operation with organic cooperation each other. Medical support departments make efforts that decrease patient examination time and care in the medical information system. METHODS: There are many medical information system. PACS appears one another method about information reception systems in the hospital as a complement of HIS which based on existing message information. In this paper's experiment, agent system practiced patient data and DICOM image of db server in the wireless network. Using PDA, embodies PDA client that makes possible to search and renew the data of db server and embodies hospital managing agent that makes possible to link with PDA to database in the hospital, and designed data format of between server and PDA. RESULTS: This designed system is PDA agent that hospital network supports wireless network. The agent system is appeared important facilities in the hospital which enlarge the chance of the medical benefits to patient delay time. So this system completed proximity of POC(Patient of Care) concept and patient data of DB conformance. This system improved high hospital service of patient. CONCLUSION: Hospital's information environments are expanded and examination's staffs are worked without place, time, convenience. The design of agent systems offers reduction delay time of patient service, medical institution could makes effective and systematic management, so there is a improvement of medical information system in wireless environment. This papers draw a conclusion, there should have working place with equipment and program related to computational system in the hospital. PDA program displays patient data and DICOM image. Doctor and nurse can modify patient's personal information, search patient's information and take care of near patients easily, so we want to improve inadequate treatment recording system of medical members.

Acoustic communication ranges for northern elephant seals (<I>Mirounga angustirostris</I>)

Acoustic communication range estimates for four northern elephant seal ( Mirounga angustirostris ) vocalization types are presented for this species. Maximum signal detection ranges are determined using an integrated approach involving: e eld measurements of vocalization source levels and spectral characteristics, signal directivity patterns, natural ambient noise measurements, and previously collected laboratory audiometric data. Signals and masking noise were analyzed using two e lter bandwidths believed to approximate the upper and lower limit of auditory e lter widths for the northern elephant seal auditory system. Signal detection ranges are estimated for representative pup ‘ female attraction calls’ (FAC), adult female ‘ pup attraction calls’ (PAC), adult female ‘ threat calls’ (AFT), and adult male ‘ clap threat calls’ (AMCT) in each of three intensity categories for biotic noise, wave noise, and wind noise. Signal detection ranges in these nine natural masking noise conditions vary from 5‐ 70 m for FAC, 10‐ 105 m for PAC, 41‐ 479 m for AFT, and 59‐ 507 m for AMCT. The results demonstrate the extent to which communication ranges in the e eld can vary depending on call type, signal directivity, ambient noise conditions, and receiver capabilities. These data are also useful in considering natural constraints on acoustic communication in northern elephant seals, selective pressures on signal production and reception systems, and potential negative e Vects of anthropogenic noise.

Report based on fiscal 2000 diagnostic x-ray equipment questionnaire survey(conditions of radiography)

X-ray equipment has seen advances in inverters and the digitalization of reception systems. The X-ray Systems Study Group, in order to examine changes in the conditions of radiography, including pediatric radiography, variations in shortest irradiation time, and standardization of the conditions of radiography, carried out investigative research using a questionnaire survey that was sent to 400 facilities. The recovery rate was 33%. In terms of the reception system, half of the general radiography systems were using computed radiography (CR). Seventy percent of respondents used an intensifying screen and film(S EF)in stomach double-contrast radiography. About 80% used digital radiography (DR) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in aorta abdominalis angiography. At least 70% of high-voltage generators were of the inverter type. The conditions of radiography were not greatly influenced by changes in reception systems and X-ray equipment. Many pediatric radiographies were carried out by radiological technologists. We consider it useful to conduct such survey investigations.

Report based on Fiscal 2000 Diagnostic X-ray Equipment Questionnaire Survey (conditions of X-ray units and similar equipment)

The X-ray Systems Study Group, in an attempt to determine the current status and changes in the state of X-ray equipment, reception systems, and equipment control, conducted investigational research by distributing a questionnaire survey to 400 facilities. The rate of recovery was 33%. The capacity of transformers has been increasing in spite of the three-phase 415 V decrease in the power supply of X-ray equipment. Among high-voltage generators, inverter-type X-ray equipment accounted for 81.3% of units. The ratio of the X-ray tube of a conventional rotational system to that of a high-speed rotational system was 1:3, and 54.9% had target angles of 12 . Many X-ray tubes had a heat capacity of less than 200-300 kHU. The body parts that had the shortest times on radiography were adult chest and pediatric chest. In many cases, the shortest time used was 10 msec. Facilities in which the shortest time was less than 10 msec accounted for almost half of the total number. Facilities where the radiation dose of radiography had decreased showed 1/4 of the digitalization whole. Measurement was carried out when the equipment was bought in 94.9% of facilities, and measurement when the service contract was finished was done in 77.1% of the responding facilities.

Why pinnipeds don't echolocate.

Odontocete cetaceans have evolved a highly advanced system of active biosonar. It has been hypothesized that other groups of marine animals, such as the pinnipeds, possess analogous sound production, reception, and processing mechanisms that allow for underwater orientation using active echolocation. Despite sporadic investigation over the past 30 years, the accumulated evidence in favor of the pinniped echolocation hypothesis is unconvincing. We argue that an advanced echolocation system is unlikely to have evolved in pinnipeds primarily because of constraints imposed by the obligate amphibious functioning of the pinniped auditory system. As a result of these constraints, pinnipeds have not developed highly acute, aquatic, high frequency sound production or reception systems required for underwater echolocation. Instead, it appears that pinnipeds have evolved enhanced visual, tactile, and passive listening skills. The evolutionary refinement of alternative sensory systems allows pinnipeds to effectively forage, navigate, and avoid predators under water despite the lack of active biosonar capabilities.

Equal-gain combining of multichannel DPSK in Doppler-spread Ricean fading

A method for computing the bit error probability (BEP) of multichannel differentially coherent phase-shift keying (DPSK) with equal gain combining in Doppler spread Ricean fading is given. It is based on Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature integration of the moment generating function of the decision statistic at the combiner output. The method allows nonuniform power delay profiles for the received multipath rays. Applications to multicarrier spread spectrum modulation and spread spectrum with RAKE reception systems are discussed. It is found that for moderate values of the Ricean K-factor (ratio of specular to diffuse fading signal power) an optimum order of diversity exists whereas, for large K-factors, diversity does not improve performance.

COOLING-INDUCED CONTRACTION IN OVINE AIRWAYS SMOOTH MUSCLE

The mechanism of cold-induced bronchoconstriction is poorly understood. This prompted the present study whose aim was to determine the step-wise direct effect of cooling on smooth muscle of isolated ovine airways and analyse the role of calcium in the mechanisms involved. Isolated tracheal strips and bronchial segments were suspended in organ baths containing Krebs' solution for isometric tension recording. Tissue responses during stepwise cooling from 37 to 5°C were examined. Cooling induced a rapid and reproducible contraction proportional to cooling temperature in ovine tracheal and bronchial preparations which was epithelium-independent. On readjustment to 37°C the tone returned rapidly to basal level. Maximum contraction was achieved at a temperature of 5°C for trachea and 15°C for bronchiole. Cooling-induced contractions (CIC) was resistant to tetrodotoxin (1; 10 μm), and not affected by the muscarinic antagonist atropine (1 μm) or the α-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine (1 μm), or the histamine H1-antagonist mepyramine (1 μm) or indomethacin (1 μm). Ca2+antagonists (nifedipine and verapamil) and Mn2+raised tracheal but not bronchiolar tone and augmented CIC. Incubation in Ca2+-free, EGTA-containing Krebs' solution for 5 min had no effect on CIC, although it significantly reduced KCl-induced contraction by up to 75%. Cooling inhibited Ca2+influx measured using45Ca2+uptake. Caffeine (100 μm) significantly inhibited CIC. The results show that cooling-induced contractions do not appear to involve activation of nerve endings, all surface reception systems or Ca2+influx. However, CIC is mainly dependent on release of intracellular Ca2+.

Review of the automatic train control system for Cairo Metro Line 2

The compatibility of AC propulsion systems with coded train detection and onboard speed code reception systems is always a concern. A review of an automatic train control system commissioned for the Greater Cairo Metro System is presented. The compatibility of track-to-train transmission with the inverter-controlled AC drive and the 750 V DC third-rail power supply is also examined.