Reality Of China Research Articles

Political discourse in the knowledge economy: edutainment as a genre

In the socio-political context of a strategic transformation of public diplomacy in China, non-governmental discourses such as intellectual discourses have been showing increasing visibility both online and offline, at home and abroad. Through a digital ethnographic approach, this study investigates the meaning-making of the political discourse that uses edutainment as a genre by foregrounding the media activities of a commercial media company branded by Guan Media and the media discourse of an involved intellectual. Social media are changing the normality of knowledge production and distribution and the traditional media communication logic. Whether it is market-based filter bubble and echo chamber, politically controlled censorship, or spontaneous grassroots engagement, what is important is why and how mainstream discourses are constructed because of these factors through social media as a new form of political communication. To show the complexity of media communication of political messages in China, micro-level close observation on highly visible forms of news production and distribution by non-government actors is necessary. There are two levels of analysis in this study: self-branding of researchers in the knowledge economy, and edutainment as a genre of political discourse. Multimodal discourse analysis is adopted to discover the specific discursive and media strategies through the theoretical lenses of knowledge-power structure and semiotics. The cooperation of commercial media companies and intellectuals from higher education is found to be promoting a new form of political communication, in which edutainment works as a genre for better media presentation. In the context of the knowledge economy, edutainment content adjusts to the ideological dynamics of the socio-political reality in China in the tide of globalization and digitalization. This study contributes to understanding the participation of non-governmental actors in political communication and public sentiment on politics when political communication has become more dynamic and better organized by adjusting to the new media age.

The Construction and Trend of Feminist Literature Theory Based on Social Media Data Mining

Up to now, the development path of Chinese women's liberation movement and modern Chinese women's literature is fundamentally different from that of the West. Therefore, the study of Chinese women's literature can not only rely on the essentialism of western feminist literary theory but also must return to the social reality and cultural reality of China. Based on social media data mining, this study uses the Word2vec model to map the text content to a more abstract word vector space, improves the original Text Rank algorithm from three aspects, semantic association between words, word frequency, and word directionality, then carries out feature extraction, and applies this algorithm to the generation of user tags. The feasibility and superiority of the model are verified by comparative experiments on LFR benchmark network. The research in this study provides a reference for the analysis of users' interests and behaviors and has certain theoretical significance and application value.

Interest Rate Liberalization and Commercial Bank Performance: New Evidence From Chinese A-Share Banks

Abundant literature infers the negative incidence of financial liberalization in the banking sector. As interest rate marketization is a reality in China, we empirically investigate the determinants of commercial banks’ financial performance using 10 listed Chinese commercial banks for 1999 to 2019. Our findings suggest that net interest margin (NIM), non-performing loans (NPL), and asset size (LnAsset) are the key drivers of profitability in Chinese banks. Interestingly, for the sample of city banks observed, we find that bank performance is strongly driven by sound management of the assets and the retail interest margins. On the opposite, the joint-stock banks’ strong diversification leads to lower reliance on net interest margins. Our results also suggest that joint-stock banks’ asset size puts strong pressure on their overall performance and exert a diminishing return effect as their assets’ critical size generates proportional administrative expenses that hinder profitability.

A Data Envelopment Analysis Evaluation Study of Urban Crowd Sourcing Competitiveness Based on Evidence From 21 Chinese Cities.

In the era of the global village, crowd sourcing as a new model of service outsourcing is increasingly being valued by all walks of life. This study uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to explain the crowd sourcing competitiveness of service outsourcing base cities by using input-output efficiency. The crowd sourcing competitiveness among crowd sourcing base cities is organized and analyzed by collating and analyzing the data of 21 service outsourcing base cities in China from 2016 to 2019. The results show that there is no significant difference in the competitiveness of 21 service outsourcing, the overall trend is that the competitiveness of crowd sourcing is not strong, the match between input and output is not high. Comparatively speaking, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Wuxi are more competitive in crowd sourcing. Combining with the reality of China's economic development, taking the road of crowd sourcing with Chinese characteristics is a good choice for the development of China's crowd sourcing industry.

Colorectal Cancer Screening in China: Status, Challenges, and Prospects - China, 2022.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in China. Despite proof that screening can decrease CRC incidence and mortality, there are still gaps remaining between CRC screening objectives and reality in China. In this review, we provided an overview of the status of CRC screening in China. First, we summarized the current CRC screening programs and strategies in China. Second, we reviewed the authoritative CRC screening and early detection guidelines in China to orient future evidence-based guideline development. Finally, we identified current challenges and further provided some suggestions to improve the implementation of CRC screening programs. To maximize the effectiveness of CRC screening, further research on risk prediction models including polygenic risk scores and prior screening outcomes, novel biomarkers and artificial intelligence, and personalized screening strategies are recommended. Both cohort study and microsimulation techniques are recommended for long-term evaluations of the effectiveness of CRC screening strategies.

The present and future of mixed reality in China

The present and future of mixed reality in China

Analysis of the legal sources of the introduction of basic socialist values in the "Law on insurance"

The main socialist values are the soul of socialist legal construction. The introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for maintaining a combination of State governance on a legal basis and State governance on the basis of moral norms, and this is an important way to strengthen the construction of basic socialist values. The promotion of the introduction of basic socialist values into legislation has become an important measure for the introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of law and order and an important way of implementing basic socialist values. From the point of view of the rule of law, upholding the basic socialist values in laws and regulations undoubtedly requires the transformation and elevation of basic values, such as politics and moral norms, to the level of legal norms, so that they can receive a source and normative characteristic of justice, execution and protection.However, from the point of view of judicial practice and social reality in China, there are other types of norms that serve as the basis for court decisions and the normative basis for the behavior of the subject. Therefore, the “Insurance Law” as the basic law in the fi eld of traditional commercial law, the introduction of basic socialist values developed by a legal source based on the central position of the legislator, and should be based on the Constitution of the Civil Code of China. Here is about the fact that the constitution is the main right and dominant in the legal system of any countryThe content “The state supports the basic socialist values” was added to article 24 “Amendment to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China”, adopted on March 11, 2018. So that the basic socialist values are raised to the level and height of constitutional norms, and, thus, the defense of the basic socialist values has the highest legal force of the constitution. The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is guided by the “Constitution”, and in article 1 “the task of legislation” further proposes and requires “the promotion of socialist core values” and accepts the integration of the civil and commercial codes as a legislative tradition and legislative style.This is what provides the normative basis of the legal source for the introduction of the Law on Insurance into the basic socialist values. Principles and institutions, as the main forms of manifestation of law in the source of law, have also become two fi elds in which the basic socialist values are integrated into the Law on Insurance. Field integration at the level of basic principles should be mainly based on the principle of good faith, but based on the characteristics of insurance activity and insurance management, the overall integrity of the core values should be raised to the highest level of maximum integrity in order to offer a higher degree of honesty to insurance entities.Integration at the level of institutions requires not only the concretization of the principle of maximum integrity, but also the integration of basic values, such as freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law, into specifi c institutions in order to offer norms of behavior and justice for insurance entities and judicial authorities from the level of a legal source. In addition, from the position of judges in the center of justice, from the legal source, the introduction of basic socialist values has certain disadvantages, therefore, other types of norms besides legal sources should be introduced, such as appropriate judicial explanations about the Insurance Law, in this general fi eld, to help correct the shortcomings of the Insurance Law in the legal source, the full manifestation and implementation of the guiding and guiding role of the basic socialist values in the insurance legislation and insurance practice of China, the effective normalization and leadership of the healthy development of the insurance industry in China, as well as the demonstration and implementation of the contribution of insurance to the socialist economic order of China, and serves as a "stabilizer" of public order.

China Viewed by the West before COVID-19: Spaniards’ Perceptions and Knowledge of China as a Tourist Destination

China is not only becoming a major international tourist destination, and it also has huge potential as an issuing market. Spain, meanwhile, has long ranked among the world’s top tourist destinations, and as an issuing market, it is gradually growing in importance. There is high potential for an increase in tourist flows between Spain and China in both directions. This paper analyses Spaniards’ perceptions of China as a country and as a tourist destination and their familiarity with the reality of this Asiatic country, before the first news about COVID-19. Likewise, it aims to identify possible factors that might inhibit Spaniards from traveling on holiday to China while also offering an initial insight into Spain’s future potential as an issuing market to China. For this purpose, 1063 interviews were conducted and analyzed. The results point to a strong potential intention by Spaniards to visit China, although it also reveals very little familiarity with the reality of China as a tourist destination, except for its two major symbols, Beijing and the Great Wall. The results also seem to indicate the existence of big travel inhibitors among certain segments, mainly related to the travel costs, politics and safety, environmental issues, and a lack of awareness of the quality standards of China’s tourist sector. Future studies should analyze the changes that the pandemic may have produced in China’s image.

FINANCIAL DISCRIMINATION AND WAGE INEQUALITY IN CHINA

This paper investigates how financial discrimination influences skilled-unskilled wage inequality in China. In the basic model, we find that a reduction of financial discrimination will reduce skilled-unskilled wage inequality. In the extended model, we find that skilled-unskilled wage inequality will be narrowed down if and only if the substitution elasticity of unskilled labor and the intermediate product in the private sector is larger than that of the skilled labor and capital in the public sector. When considering the reality of China, we predict that a reduction of financial discrimination leads to the decline of wage inequality.

Design of the Trans-provincial New Energy Spot Transaction Mode and Analysis of the Mode’s Effects on New Energy Consumption

Trans-provincial new energy transactions consist of medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions. Trans-provincial spot transactions have been mainly executed in areas where there is some difficulty with new energy consumption. To further improve the system’s capability to accommodate new energy, this paper designs a replacement transaction mechanism for electricity delivered through the same channel according to the status quo of trans-provincial new energy spot transactions and the reality of China’s electric power market. A production simulation-based decision analysis model for trans-provincial new energy consumption is established so as to analyse quantitatively the effects of the proposed transaction mode on new energy consumption. A typical case is selected out from a certain province as the delivery end, and the testing results show that the trans-provincial spot transaction mode and the quantitative analysis model proposed in the paper can improve the new energy consumption and utilization rate of the delivery end significantly.

Understanding the Profound Connotation of the Important Speech on July 1st from the Historical Value, Practical Value and Theoretical Value

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech on July 1st is an important political declaration made by China at the critical moment of the intersection of two centuries for the whole country and the world. It is a highly condensed and generalized history of our party’s one-hundred-year struggle. At the same time, it is also on the basis of tracing history, based on the reality of China’s development, and provides programmatic guidance for the future development of the party and the country. It is also an action guide for the ultimate realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it plays a very important role in achieving the goal of the next century. Based on three aspects, this article deeply explores the historical value and profound connotation of the important speech on July 1st from the perspective of Chinese history, community consciousness and “Two Combinations”. In order to fully understand the great achievements, valuable experience and basic laws of the Chinese Communist Party in a century of struggle history are researched systematically.

The Difficulties, Opportunities and Challenges of Covid-19 by Chinese Medicine on China

Recently, Coronavirus disease 2019 is the most frequent public health event in human history, spreads fastest, has the most extensive infection and the most difficult prevention and control, which has been abstracting the most impressive attention of the whole world. China, as the first outbreak place, has suffered seriously from the outbreak of Covid-19. The impact on domestic economy is profound and complex. How to effectively deal with once in a century global pandemic is still a world problem to be solved by the international community. Proceeding from the reality of China’s national conditions, following the objective law of prevention and control of infectious diseases, China has made great efforts to explore a set of effective “Chinese methods” in the control of epidemic situation and treatment of patients. Investigation, detection and monitoring with epidemiological investigation as the core has become the key link to cut off the chain of virus transmission and implement timely treatment for patients. To set up hospitals at different levels and to treat patients with mild, moderate and severe diseases according to their conditions, the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has greatly reduced the infection rate and death rate, and improved the cure rate. From the whole industrial chain, the primary industry, the secondary industry, and the tertiary industry are all almost affected. However, some difficulties, opportunities and challenges of Covid-19 should be paid attention to and grasped.

Exchange Rate Policy Uncertainty and Enterprises’ Leverage

At the stage of the macroeconomic downside, the structural problems of China’s economy gradually become apparent, and the high leverage ratio of non-financial enterprises has become the focus of supply-side structural reform. Existing studies mainly analyze the formation mechanism of enterprises’ leverage ratio from the perspective of micro-enterprises, but few researches focus on the leverage’s dynamic evolution from the perspective of external shocks.Based on the typical facts of China’s two-way opening up and the gradual improvement of the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism, this paper selects the exchange rate policy uncertainty as external shock and aims to explore its effect on non-financial enterprises’ leverage in China. Using the data of Chinese listed non-financial enterprises spanning from 2003 to 2018, this paper aims to address the following questions: Can the exchange rate policy uncertainty increase the leverage of enterprises? What are the internal potential transmission channels? Is there any heterogeneity in the impact of exchange rate policy uncertainty across different types of enterprises?Our results show that the exchange rate policy uncertainty could increase non-financial enterprises’ leverage. And when the exchange rate policy uncertainty increases by 10 percent, non-financial enterprises’ leverage will increase by an average of 20 percent subsequently. In addition, the impacts are more pronounced in enterprises with lower financing constraints, foreign business, lower productivity, and lower growth. Specifically, the exchange rate policy uncertainty will affect non-financial enterprises’ leverage through leading to international capital flows, reducing investment efficiency and increasing risk-taking, in which international capital flows play a leading role. The results indicate that when making and adjusting exchange rate policies, decision-making authorities should pay close attention to the efficient combination of variable policies. And the decision-making departments need to strengthen the management of capital projects, improve the monitoring of international capital flows, deepen the financial market reform, and fundamentally improve the market mechanism for resource allocation.The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows: First, based on the reality of China’s two-way financial opening up and the gradual reform of the RMB exchange rate market, exploring the effect of exchange rate policy uncertainty on micro-enterprises’ leverage and its transmission mechanism is useful for the deeper clarification of how the exchange rate policy uncertainty impacts on the leverage. Second, from the perspective of corporate finance, this paper empirically examines the impact of exchange rate policy uncertainty on the leverage of non-financial enterprises, which helps to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the supply-side structural reform at the micro level.

Evaluation of Social and Economic Benefits of Demand Response

The rapid development of demand response has realized the transformation of power system operation from isolated decision to interconnected communication, which is of great significance for improving power network flexibility, security and reliability. Also, by introducing demand response, power network investment for satisfying peak load could be delayed, while renewable energy consumption and power network economic operation could be promoted simultaneously. Based on the practice of demand response in China as well as to further encourage the application of demand response, this paper proposes a social and economic benefit evaluation model for demand response. Combined with the reality of China’s electric power system operation, social and economic benefits of demand response are scientifically evaluated. Also, capital requirements for China to promote the application of demand response is analysed and practical measures for demand response application are put forward.

One single-center cross-sectional investigation on varicella antibody level of all age groups in Chinese people

ABSTRACT Varicella outbreaks were mainly reported in developed regions with high vaccine coverage, but not in undeveloped areas. It is still not clear that whether the published data of varicella epidemiology could reflect the reality in China or not. In 2019, 657 subjects from People’s Hospital of Chongqing Youyang County were included. Anti-varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IgG antibodies were determined by ELISA. The anti-VZV IgG levels were categorized as positive when values were ≥100 mIU/mL. Our results showed that the rates of anti-VZV IgG seropositivity (χ2 = 328.957, P < .0001) and geometric mean titers (P < .0001) were significantly influenced by age. The seropositivity declined dramatically from 84.5% in subjects ≤3 m of age, to 7.9% in subjects of >3 m-1 y (P < .0001). Then, the positivity rate increased slowly as age to 26.7% in >1-<3 y (P = .0006), and 34.5% in 3-<7 y (P = .4294). A steady rise (45.6%) in positivity was observed in subjects aged 7-<18 y. After then, the positivity began to increase robustly. A total of 87.8% of adults aged 18-<40 y had acquired VZV-specific immunity (P < .0001). The highest positivity rate was found in 40-<60 y (98.3%) and ≥60 y (98.2%) group. In conclusion, most subjects of >3 m-<7 y age were susceptible to VZV. The proportion of subjects with natural infection-induced immunity increased with age. Nearly all subjects over 40 ages had positive anti-VZV IgG antibodies, which proved that they were infected by this virus in the past. These results suggested that VarV should be included in the national immunization program in China.

Rhetoric and Reality of China’s Global Leadership in the Context of COVID-19: Implications for the US-led World Order and Liberal Globalization

ABSTRACT When President Trump-led America abandoned the global leadership, China casted itself as the global leader in response to COVID-19, placing challenges to the US-led world order and liberal globalization. China’s rhetoric, however, has not matched its actions in comprehensively providing global public goods and developing universally accepted values. As neither the US and China have taken the global leadership that most countries can trust and count on, the world is in the danger of moving toward the vicious power rivalry, hampering the multilateral responses to global crisis such as COVID-19.

Differentiated voting rights arrangement under dual-class share structures in China: expectation, reality, and future

ABSTRACT Following other leading financial centres in Asia, China has recently relaxed restrictions on ‘one share, one vote’ and started to allow companies with differentiated voting rights (DVR) arrangements under dual-class share (DCS) structures to list on its newly established Sci-Tech Innovation Board, also known as the Star Market. The DVR arrangements and the DCS structures sever insiders’ control from their equity shareholdings in the company, as their voting rights can be disproportionately greater than their cash flow rights. The move primarily aims to provide more flexible capital structures to support a sustainable development of high-tech and innovative companies and to increase stock exchanges’ competitiveness in attracting and retaining companies that prefer going public with DCS structures. However, reality has deviated from scholars’ and policymakers’ expectations as just one company has applied for and been listed with a DCS structure since the official permission for such share structures was granted in March 2019. Rather than simply looking into the evolution of and debate over DCS structures, this article examines the underlying reasons for the discrepancy between expectations and reality in China’s implementation of DCS structures. This article also critically discusses the role and future of DCS structures in the Chinese context.

Measuring the efficiency of China’s carbon market: A comparison between efficient and fractal market hypotheses

In this study, variance ratio test and detrended fluctuation analysis are adopted to measure the efficiencies of Beijing, Guangdong, Hubei, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Chongqing seven carbon markets in China. The empirical results indicate that on the basis of efficient market hypothesis, adopts variance ratio test, Hubei and Guangdong markets are weak efficient, Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai markets are inefficient, and the efficiencies of Tianjin and Chongqing are uncertain under daily returns. All seven carbon markets are weak efficient under weekly returns. On the basis of fractal market hypothesis, Hurst exponents are obtained by detrended fluctuation analysis, Shanghai, Guangdong and Hubei markets are weak efficient, the other four markets are inefficient under daily returns. Beijing and Hubei markets are weak efficient and the other five markets are inefficient under weekly returns. On the whole, the efficiencies of China’s carbon markets are generally low. Combining the empirical results with the reality of China’s carbon markets, it’s proved that the results of fractal market hypothesis are more convincing. In comparison to efficient market hypothesis, fractal market hypothesis can more effectively measure the efficiency of carbon market.

Legitimacy of Experimental Use of Patented Research Tools by Chinese Universities

This article takes the reality in China as its basis and examines the meaning of “production or business purpose” in Article 11 of the Chinese Patent Law to explain the difficulties faced by Chines...

The Impact of Housing Valuation on Labor Income：Does China Have a Frustration for Stable Preference?

The housing price continues to rise in the high level, which is the most eye-catching reality in China’s economic development during recent years, and it is directly related to people’s basic housing needs to meet. The rise of housing price will affect many aspects of economic development, and relevant studies are very complete. However, there are still some deficiencies in the existing studies on the relationship between the housing price and labor income and wages. This article points out that the rise in housing valuation will prompt the workforce to engage in relatively stable work with relatively low income, and explains the phenomenon of declining labor income from the perspective that the increasing housing valuation will strengthen the labor force’s preference for stable income. The construction of a risk career selection model and the study of CHIPS data find that: （1）The increase in housing valuation has a U-shaped curve effect on the labor income.（2）Since the housing price cannot continue to rise unrestrictedly, there is indeed a frustration for stable preference in the Chinese labor market caused by the rising housing price.（3）Although the housing provident fund mechanism has, to a certain extent, weakened the distortions in labor market efficiency caused by the rising housing price, it cannot fundamentally solve the frustration for stable preference. The above conclusions are passed through a series of robustness and placebo tests, and are retested using the historical commercial land transfer price that first appeared in the interviewee’s district as an instrument variable. This article also screens the mechanism of “causing inertia due to housing” that may interfere with this story.