Real-time Traffic Information Services Research Articles

Expressway Information Collection Processing and Control Technology Based on RFID Internet of Things

In order to solve the problems of highway traffic congestion and frequent traffic accidents, a technology method for highway information collection, processing, and control based on RFID Internet of Things is proposed. The highway information collection and processing control technology designed in this paper is based on radio frequency identification technology to realize the collection of highway vehicle information, analyze, and process the collected information, and finally get the road condition information. Through the extraction and analysis of the traffic flow information in the video surveillance, the background difference method is used to extract the relevant vehicle factors in the video, including the extraction of traffic flow information, vehicle model extraction, and vehicle speed extraction. Traffic detection provides convenience. The experimental data shows that from Monday to Friday on weekdays, the road congestion rates are 2.72%, 1.94%, 2.77%, 2.27%, and 3.47% respectively; the average vehicle speed on weekdays is 89.96 km/h, and the test results are fast and accurate. The proposed method integrates road information collection and road information service, realizes traffic detection when there are vehicles, and realizes detection and perception of large-scale road traffic systems. Travelers provide real-time traffic information and navigation services.

A Dynamic Pyramid Tilling Method for Traffic Data Stream Based on Flink

Traffic guidance, traffic management and emergency vehicle traffic all require keeping abreast of traffic status. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is highly expected to provide real-time traffic condition information service. To achieve this, the capability of handling dynamic data stream collected from multi traffic monitoring sources and serving the public with information timely is essential for ITS. With the wide spread of Internet of Things technology, not only the amount, but also the spatial and temporal resolutions of real-time traffic data have explosive growth, thereby enhancing the difficulty of real-time traffic data processing in ITS. Web pyramid map tiles is wide accepted for massive spatial data service, and the latency of tile generation significantly reduces the timeliness of information transmission and the reliability of services. A Flink-based method for dynamic pyramid tile generation and updating is proposed here. Take advantages of combining grid indexes, employing data partition and window selection mechanisms, and applying iterative computational characteristics for resampling, the distributed dynamic pyramid map tile generation algorithm (DPTG), can quickly visualize real-time spatial traffic data with digital map tiles. Taking the national highway road data from China as an example, the experimental results show that the Flink-based DPTG method has high efficiency and scalability in both batch processing and stream processing mode, which highlights the capability of the proposed method to support real-time traffic monitoring data processing for timely large-scale public service in ITS.

BPAS: Blockchain-Assisted Privacy-Preserving Authentication System for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

If all vehicles are connected together through a wireless communication channel, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) can support a wide range of real-time traffic information services, such as intelligent routing, weather monitoring, emergency call, etc. However, the accuracy and credibility of the transmitted messages among the VANETs are of paramount importance as life may depend on it. In this article we introduce a novel framework called blockchain-assisted privacy-preserving authentication system (BPAS) that provides authentication automatically in VANETs and preserves vehicle privacy at the same time. This design is highly efficient and scalable. It does not require any online registration centre (except for system initialization and vehicle registration), and allows conditional tracing and dynamic revocation of misbehaving vehicles. In this article, we conduct an in-depth security analysis and a comprehensive performance evaluation (which is based on the Hyperledger Fabric platform) for our proposed framework. The results demonstrate that our framework is an efficient solution for the development of a decentralized authentication system in VANETs.

How Land Use Law Impedes Transportation Innovation

A certain breed of economists and techno-futurists regularly point to the potential for innovation in the transportation sector to spur economic growth. Such predictions, however, often fail to discuss why transportation innovation in the past was so central to economic changes. Innovations like the automobile or the elevator did not make it (much) easier to travel between and among existing homes, stores and offices. After all, existing developments had been built around previous technologies for moving people around, whether it was the streetcar suburb or the walk-up apartment building. Instead, most of the gains from new transportation technologies come from being able to move our homes, offices, and stores into more pleasing and efficient patterns. That is, to get the benefits from transportation technologies, we must change land use patterns. But land uses in our cities and metropolitan areas do not simply follow changes market demand or technological progress. Laws and regulations from zoning codes to subdivision requirements to historic preservation limit the forms, densities, and uses of buildings. In order to understand the potential transportation technologies have to produce economic growth, we have to consider both how they will affect optimal land uses and whether the changes they suggest will be allowed and encouraged by local and state land use regulators. This Chapter will assess how well modern land use law has or might accommodate three major recent or soon-to-arrive transportation innovations: (1) Global Positioning Systems (GPS), mobile mapping, and real-time traffic information services (e.g. Google Maps, Apple Maps, TomTom, Garmin, and Waze); (2) e-hailing apps for taxis, shared rides, and shuttles (like Uber, Lyft, and their competitors); and (3) still-developing self-driving autonomous cars. These technological innovations should allow two types of changes to land use patterns. First, they allow “distributed density” within urban areas. Each technology should allow for greater overall density in cities without requiring as much extreme density. These technologies permit nodes of extreme density of uses (e.g., stores along a high street, or tall apartments within a quarter of a mile of train station) to spread a bit further without losing the gains of agglomeration. Second, the innovations will allow development on the edges of metropolitan areas, as they – particularly GPS and potentially autonomous cars – reduce the costs of travelling substantial distances, both in time and in effort.Land use law does not equally permit these types of development. While building on the edge of metropolitan areas is generally easy in the United States, land use law and politics is particularly ill-equipped to produce distributed density. Its deep procedural rules and the multiple ways current residents can block new construction make incremental housing growth – building the “missing middle” of the U.S. housing market – particularly difficult. The extreme separation of uses common in zoning in the U.S. makes distributing retail or commercial development difficult as well. Unless zoning procedure and policy is reformed, many of the gains from these technologies will not be realized. Further, by failing to accommodate distributed density, cities will bias how technologists develop products, reducing the potential for economic growth. The Chapter concludes with some thoughts on how land use procedure and policy could be reformed and how transportation technologists might play a role.

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TO DESIGN VEHICLE-TO VEHICLE AND VEHICLE-TO-INFRASTRUCTURES APPLICATIONS

Intelligent Transport Systems use communication technologies to offer real-time traffic information services to road users and government managers. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks is an important component of ITS where vehicles communicate with other vehicles and road-side infrastructures, analyze and process received information, and make decisions according to that. However, features like high vehicle speeds, constant mobility, varying topology, traffic density, etc. induce challenges that make conventional wireless technologies unsuitable for vehicular networks. This paper focuses on the process of designing efficient vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to road-side infrastructure applications.

ICT-enabled system innovations in public services: Experiences from intelligent transport systems

Public transport is confronted with major challenges such as climate change and congestion. This paper discusses how these major challenges are addressed by means of ICT-enabled system innovations in public services. Recent developments in ICT enable the realisation of novel solutions for public transport that can be subsumed under the headline of intelligent transport systems (ITS). However, while the advances in information and communication technology are very fast, the transformation of transport systems and infrastructures tends to take a long time. In parallel, public sector reforms of the past decade, often characterised by the introduction of New Public Management principles, have changed the organisational and institutional conditions for transport service provision and innovation, with the private sector playing an increasingly prominent role. Public–private innovation networks in services (ServPPINs) have been suggested as a concept to foster the realisation of system innovations.This paper analyses the conditions, determinants and instruments for managing ServPPINs successfully, by comparing four cases of ServPPINs in intelligent transport systems, which all aim at establishing system innovations. The four cases are: ITS Vienna Region, a dynamic intermodal traffic information service; compano, a novel ride-sharing scheme in Austria; SIS, a real-time traffic information services, displays and management system in Oslo; and Flexus, an electronic ticket system for public transportation in Oslo.The paper shows the importance of organisational and institutional conditions of ServPPINs for realising these system innovations, and the crucial role of entrepreneurial individuals, both in public and private sector organisations. It also points to the importance of making clear strategic choices at the right moments in time in the course of the life-cycle of ServPPINs.

Estimation of Willingness to pay for Realtime Route Guidance Information by Contingent Valuation Method

This study proposes an estimate method of willingness to pay(WTP) for real-time route guidance systems using contingent valuation method(CVM) under double bounded dichotomous choice question(DBDCQ) and analysis for impact factors of WTP estimation. This study assumed that provided real-time traffic information service is optimal route concepts dealing with traffic conditions on origin-destination. Analysis targets were classified into two groups as short distance path and middle distance path for estimating WTP for realtime route guidance system in a year using the survival analysis method and the regression model with personal information, actual condition and satisfaction of information usage and users` awareness and usage of facilities. As a result, mean WTP of realtime route guidance system is 4,034won/year in short distance path, and 4,884won/year in middle distance path. Therefore real-time route guidance system for longer distance path is recognized as more valuable than shorter distance path. Moreover, the necessity of information was required on a higher income group and higher WTP was estimated on owners of vehicle group and lower awareness of a route group.

Research on Real-time and Dynamic Urban Traffic Information Service System

With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid growth of private cars, the traffic congestion is increasingly becoming a “chronic illness” for urban development. This paper describes what exactly the real-time and dynamic urban traffic information service systemis. Furthermore, the pieces of technology needed and the benefits of the system will be discussed. Finally, we conclude with issues and problems that to be resolved in order to have a fully functional system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i4.871

클라우드 환경의 교통정보 서비스를 위한 조건부 확률 추론을 이용한 가상 머신 프로비저닝 스케줄링

전 세계적으로 자동차의 수요와 교통정보 서비스의 활용도가 높아지고 있다. 따라서 교통정보 서비스의 종류와 데이터의 양의 증가로 인해 많은 IT 자원 인프라가 필요하다. 인프라의 감소를 위해 클라우드 컴퓨팅이 주목을 받고 있으며, 자원관리를 위해 프로비저닝 스케줄링 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 클라우드 환경에서 교통정보 서비스를 위한 조건부 확률 추론을 활용한 프로비저닝 스케줄링(PSCPI: Provisioning Scheduling with Conditional Probability Inference)을 제안한다. PSCPI는 가상머신의 상태에 따라 나이브 베이즈 추론 기법을 사용하여 가상머신의 가용율에 따라 작업 할당을 할 수 있다. 나이브 베이즈 기반의 조건부 확률 추론 프로비저닝 스케줄링을 활용하여 교통정보 서비스에 높은 처리율과 활용율을 보인다. There is a growing tendency toward a vehicle demand and a utilization of traffic information systems. Due to various kinds of traffic information systems and increasing of communication data, the traffic information service requires a very high IT infrastructure. A cloud computing environment is an essential approach for reducing a IT infrastructure cost. And the traffic information service needs a provisioning scheduling method for managing a resource. So we propose a provisioning scheduling with conditional probability inference (PSCPI) for the traffic information service on cloud environment. PSCPI uses a naive bayse inference technique based on a status of a virtual machine. And PSCPI allocates a job to the virtual machines on the basis of an availability of each virtual machine. Naive bayse based PSCPI provides a high throughput and an high availability of virtual machines for real-time traffic information services.

실시간교통정보 이용에 따른 가솔린차량의 온실가스 저감효과 평가

Real-time Traffic Information Service could play a key role in reducing incomplete combustion time remarkably since it can provide traffic information in real-time basis. Emission characteristics of test engines were studied in terms of travel distance and speed. The present study focused on a north district in Daegu, 12 km. The driving for the emission test was done at 8AM, 3PM, 7PM which represents various traffic conditions. The reduced emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) have been measured for a travel distance running at different loads (conventional shortest route and Real-time Traffic Information) and GHG (, , ) are all inventoried and calculated in terms of existing emission factors. The emission of GHG has been shown to reduce linearly with travel distance: (9.15%), (18.43%), (18.62%).

Design and evaluation of a two-tier peer-to-peer traffic information system

Decentralized traffic information systems realize real-time traffic information services without the need for a server infrastructure. However, existing systems rely on either the vehicular ad hoc network or application-layer peer-to-peer protocols over a broadband wireless network suffering from low lookup success rate, high lookup latency, and maintenance overhead of the P2P network. This article proposes a two-tier VANET/P2P architecture that exploits both VANET and P2P technology. In the low tier, vehicles form a VANET via intervehicle communication to exchange traffic information. On top of the VANET, a portion of the vehicles further establish a P2P overlay through a broadband wireless infrastructure to mitigate the disconnectivity problems of the VANET. Simulation results demonstrate that the two-tier architecture can significantly improve the lookup success rate compared to the single-tier VANET systems while reducing lookup latency and maintenance overhead compared to the single-tier P2P systems.

Architecture Development for Web-Based Geographic Information System Applications in Transportation

A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based system that integrates computer software and hardware to collect, store, and analyze objects and phenomena for which geographic location information is critical to the analysis. A variety of transportation management and planning applications can benefit from the abundant information contained in a GIS. Advances in information technology and the Internet enable the once resource-intensive GIS transportation application to be widely available. Transportation agencies and companies are publishing these applications on the Internet and offering travelers convenient trip-planning features and traveler information. Proposed in this paper is a three-tier architecture for implementing GIS database applications on the Internet. This architecture uses a platform-independent Java applet as the front end for the client. The Java applet can run in any Java-enabled web browser, regardless of the operating system used. This capability simplifies the deployment issue. The Java applet is also capable of performing more sophisticated computations and interactions than those of static Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages. Within the domain of the three-tiered information system, a middleware server is proposed to serve as the interface between the client request and the GIS database for data communication. A prototype three-tiered client server application is developed based on the proposed architecture. The client side is an interactive map applet, and the server provides a shortest-path search function and a real-time traffic information service to the client. The information request by the client is retrieved from the GIS database.

Travtek Driver Interface and Camera Car Data Collection Capabilities

TravTek was the development and operational field test of an Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS). Drivers were provided with navigation and route guidance information, a local services and attractions directory, real-time traffic information and emergency services. Goals of the drivers/system interface design were ease of learning and use as well as minimizing the potential for distraction and visual and cognitive demands on the driver. A Camera Car Study collected detailed eye-glance and driving performance while participants navigated using TravTek route guidance visual and voice displays, paper map, and textual direction list. A data collection vehicle was developed for the study. This demonstration complements a paper by Dingus, et al, also presented at this meeting.