Real Problems Research Articles

Future Food Security Challenges in Riau Province, Indonesia

The food crisis is a real problem in various regions around the world, including Indonesia. This phenomenon is influenced by the rate of population growth which is increasing while farmlands are depleting due to the conversion of land into settlements, especially in Riau Province which is experiencing food security threats. Food security projections are made to provide an overview of the future condition of food security in Riau Province to support sustainability. The basic data used are data for 2018 and 2019. The measurement method used is the scenario method and then the availability calculation method according to Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 43/Permentan/OT.140/7/2010. Meanwhile, the calculation of food needs uses a formula taking into account the average consumption per capita per year from the regional agriculture service multiplied by the population in the year concerned. Then, the projections are measured using the arithmetic population growth formula approach for food availability and the geometric population growth formula for the food needs of the population. The food commodity in Riau Province used in the analysis is rice. The calculation results show that in the future food availability in Riau Province will not be able to meet its food needs. Keywords: availability of rice, rice needs, food security

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bernalar Kritis Peserta Didik Pada PAK Dengan Model Pembelajaran PBL Berbantu Power Point Kelas 8 SMP N 2 Wonoboyo Satu Atap Temanggung

Education in Indonesia plays a crucial role in forming competent and competitive human resources. However, despite various reforms, the Indonesian education system still faces various challenges. One of them is the gap in the quality of education between regions, which is reflected in the differences in the results of the National Examination and the Human Development Index (HDI) in various provinces. In response to this, the government implemented the Independent Curriculum which aims to increase learning flexibility and develop 21st-century competencies in students. However, its implementation is still constrained, especially in remote areas with minimal access to quality learning resources. SMP N 2 Wonoboyo Satu Atap in Temanggung Regency, Central Java, is an example of a school that faces this challenge. Located on a mountain slope with limited access, this school serves a community that is predominantly a farmer. This condition has an impact on educational priorities that are often neglected due to economic demands. One of the main problems in this school is the low critical thinking skills of students, especially in Catholic religious subjects. The causal factors include limited learning media, monotonous teaching methods, and lack of support for learning at home. To overcome this problem, innovation in learning methods is needed. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach supported by power point media can be a solution. This method invites students to actively solve real problems that are relevant to the subject matter. Based on this background, Classroom Action Research entitled "Improving Students' Critical Reasoning Skills in PAK with PBL Learning Model Assisted by Power Point Class 8 SMP N 2 Wonoboyo Satu Atap Temanggung" is expected to improve students' critical reasoning skills.

Meningkatkan Sikap Kritis Siswa dengan Metode PBL Berbantuan Video Pembelajaran pada Fase E Kelas X di SMK Negeri 1N Hiliserangkai

This study aims to improve the critical attitude of students in class X Phase E at SMK Negeri 1 Hiliserangkai, Nias, by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method assisted by learning videos. The PBL method, which places students at the center of learning by exposing them to real problems, is expected to overcome students' passivity and improve critical thinking skills, especially in responding to information from mass media. This study used a Classroom Action Research (PTK) design in two cycles, involving 15 Catholic students. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews. The results showed that the application of PBL was effective in improving students' critical attitude towards mass media. This study recommends the application of the PBL method in other schools and the need for teacher training to support effective implementation.

Integrating Learning and Serious Game Design: The Development and Application of the Learning and Game Integration (LGI) Framework using the ‘Blackout’ Serious Game

Serious games are increasingly recognised as effective educational tools capable of simulating complex scenarios that traditional methods cannot replicate. This paper introduces the Learning and Game Integration (LGI) Framework, designed to seamlessly integrate educational content with interactive game design. Utilising the “Blackout” serious game, which simulates real world complex problem, this study demonstrates how the LGI Framework can be utilised as learning intervention to enhance learning by teaching Design Thinking to university students. The framework consists of four stages: Educational Content Integration, Theoretical Underpinning, Case Study Selection, and Game Design. The “Blackout” game enables students to engage with various stakeholder perspectives, deeply analyse problems, and develop innovative solutions under crisis conditions. Preliminary feedback from its implementation in an undergraduate business course (N=753) indicates increased student engagement and confidence in applying Design Thinking concepts. This paper contributes to the field of business education by presenting an innovative approach to teaching innovative problem-solving skills through serious games, emphasising the need for holistic educational frameworks that bridge theoretical learning with real-world application.

Ai] Explore!: An Educational Game for Developing Programming Skills and Algorithmic Thinking

The game [ai] explore! was developed to introduce the algorithm behind the popular science exhibition. The idea behind the [ai] explore! exhibition was to show the application of mathematics and computer science in solving real engineering problems by creating the exhibit using the mathematical algorithm Heat Equation Driven Area Coverage (HEDAC). The algorithm is based on scientific research and has many applications: exploration and search in unknown space, painting, planning agricultural spraying, scanning 3D objects, etc. The exhibits show the process by which the algorithm paints objects with a virtual brush and explores their shape. By surveying the high school students, it was shown that new mathematical and engineering results can be explained and turned into a playable game. After playing the game, students respond positively to the game presented and state that they have a good understanding of the HEDAC algorithm presented and how it works. This motivated us to investigate [ai] explore! as an educational game for teaching mathematics and computer science. The aim of the research described in this paper is to investigate the potential of the developed game as an educational game. The game-based learning (GBL) approach is increasingly used to increase student motivation and engagement in STEM lessons. The main research question is: How do primary school teachers and students perceive the usefulness of the game [ai] explore! in supporting teaching and learning of computer science concepts? We have developed and implemented teaching scenarios on how the game [ai] explore! can be used as an educational game in computer science lessons. We show that the game has great potential to teach primary school students programming. In addition, the game promotes algorithmic thinking and computational thinking skills in general, which are valuable not only in computer science but also in other fields such as mathematics, where a systematic and analytical approach to problem-solving is required.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam PAK Melalui Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Kelas VI Fase C SD Negeri 040533 Merek

This study aims to enhance student learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in the sixth grade of SD Negeri 040533 Merek. The PBL method was chosen for its ability to actively engage students in the learning process by confronting them with real-life problems relevant to their daily lives. The research was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observations, learning outcome tests, and questionnaires to evaluate student engagement. The results showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes from Cycle I to Cycle II, with the percentage of mastery learning increasing from 83% to 87%. Additionally, students demonstrated enhanced collaborative skills and critical thinking abilities. These findings indicate that the application of the PBL method not only improves academic learning outcomes but also fosters character development and social skills among students. Therefore, it is recommended that the PBL method be more widely integrated into the curriculum to facilitate more effective and enjoyable learning experiences.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menceritakan Kembali Kisah Tokoh-Tokoh Perjanjian Lama Melalui Kombinasi Metode Show And Tell Dan Model Pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Pada Peserta Didik Fase A Kelas 2 SDN 077285 Afia

This study aims to improve students' ability to retell the stories of Old Testament characters through a combination of the Show and Tell method and the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model in class 2 of SDN 077285 Afia. The Show and Tell method provides students with the opportunity to express their understanding of the material in a creative way, while PBL stimulates critical and collaborative thinking skills through solving real problems. This study uses a quantitative approach with a classroom action design, which involves data collection through observation, testing, and interviews. The results show that the combination of these two methods is significant in improving students' ability to retell the stories, as well as increasing student engagement and motivation to learn. This study concludes that the application of the combination of the Show and Tell and PBL methods is effective in learning, especially in the context of religious education.

Meningkatkan Kreativitas Belajar pada Pembelajaran PAKBP dengan Model PBL Fase C Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 11 Paat Kecamatan Embaloh Hulu

This research aims to increase the learning creativity of class V students in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and Character (PAKBP) through the application of the Phase C Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. PBL was chosen because it encourages students to be more active in solving real problems, thinking critically, and develop creativity. This classroom action research was carried out at the Paat 11 State Elementary School, Embaloh Hulu District, with a focus on the material "The Holy Spirit Strengthens the Hearts of the Apostles". The research results show that the application of the Phase C PBL model can increase students' creativity in understanding and applying the values ​​of Catholic teachings in everyday life. Apart from that, this method also succeeded in increasing learning motivation and student involvement in learning. Thus, PBL Phase C is effective in improving the quality of PAKBP learning and can be used as an alternative learning model to enrich student creativity.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Model PBL di Kelas V Fase C SD Negeri 030436 Kerajaan

This research is aimed to improve student learning outcomes in the subjects of Catholic Religious Education and Character. In achieving the result of the research, the Problem Based Learning model was applied in the learning activities. The Problem Based Learning model is a learning model that presents a real problem for students as a starting point for learning and then resolved through investigation and applied by using a problem solving approach. This model provides the space for students to get involved actively. Through this active involvement, the students experienced the learning and showed their learning outcomes' improvement. This is shown from the results of research conducted in the 5th Grade Phase C students at SD Negeri 030436 Kerajaan. The Classroom Action Research carried out in two cycles, cycle I and cycle II, and showed positive results. The Learning outcomes in the P3 attitude and cognitive aspects got increased. The P3 attitude aspect in cycle I 77% as the average score became 84% in cycle II. Furthermore, the learning results of cognitive aspects 71.88 (cycle I) became 86.46 (cycle II). Hence, from these results, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model can improve the learning outcomes of 5th Grade Phase C students at SD Negeri 030436 Kerajaan.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pak dengan Model PBL Berbantuan Media Inovatif Fase C Kelas 5 SD Negeri 17 Rabak

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education (PAK) for 5th-grade students at SD Negeri 17 Rabak through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) with innovative media. The PBL model encourages students to actively solve real-life problems, while innovative media enhances their interest and motivation to learn. Using a classroom action research (CAR) method involving 10 students, the results showed a significant improvement in learning outcomes from cycle I (71.2) to cycle II (82.8). Additionally, students' collaboration skills, critical thinking, and self-confidence also improved. The innovative media proved effective in deepening understanding and increasing student participation.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Kemampuan dan Keterbatasanku Melalui Problem Based Learning Peserta Didik pada Kelas 7 SMP Negeri 12 Kota Surakarta

This study explores the impact of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on improving students' learning outcomes in the subject "Kemampuan dan Keterbatasanku" (My Abilities and Limitations) at SMP Negeri 12 Surakarta. Using Classroom Action Research (CAR), the study was conducted in two cycles involving Grade 7 students. Data were collected through tests, interviews, and observations, showing improvements in both cognitive understanding and student engagement. Problem Based Learning proved effective in helping students connect learning to real-life problems, fostering critical thinking and collaboration. Despite initial challenges in participation and motivation, students' outcomes significantly improved by the second cycle, with 75% of students meeting the learning goals. The findings suggest that Problem Based Learning can be an effective teaching model to enhance students' understanding and promote independentl earning.

Mathematical Model of COVID-19 Spread with Vaccination in Mataram City

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public health worldwide.. Mathematical modeling is considered an alternative tool for understanding real-life problems, including the dynamics of COVID-19 spread. This is an applied research that purpose adds vaccination to Zeb et al. (2020) SEIQR model of COVID-19 spread and examines the dynamic of COVID-19 spread in Mataram City. First, we construct the new model by making assumptions. The fixed point and basic reproduction number (R_0 ) are then used to analyze the model using the next-generation matrix method. The next-generation matrix method is utilized to estimate the R_0 in a compartmental disease model. Two fixed points are acquired, specifically the disease-free fixed point, which is locally asymptotically stable under the condition R_0<1 determined by the Routh Hurwitz criterion via linearization using the Jacobi matrix. And the disease-endemic fixed point, which is locally asymptotically stable under the condition R_0>1 indicated by Lyapunov function. The population dynamics when R_0<1 and R_0>1 can also be observed through numerical simulation. The results of a numerical simulation indicate that giving the proportion of number vaccinated 62 per cent is effective in suppressing the number of infections.

Meningkatkan Kreatifitas Peserta Didik Dengan Menerapkan Pbl Dalam Pembelajaran Pakbp Kelas III Tema 1 Sub 1 Materi 1 Sekolah Dasar Negeri 101857 Gunung Rintih

This study aims to explore and analyze the application of problem-based learning (PBL) models in improving the creativity of grade 3 students at SDN 101857 Gunung Rintih. In the current educational context, it is important for students to not only receive information, but also develop critical thinking skills and creativity that can help them face challenges in the real world. The PBL model is designed to invite students to be actively involved in the learning process by identifying real problems that are relevant to life. Through a series of structured activities, students are encouraged to work in groups, discuss ideas, and find solutions together. This approach not only strengthens students' analytical abilities but also builds social and collaborative skills that are important for their development. In this study, data collection methods will involve observation, interviews, and questionnaires to assess the increase in students' creativity and problem-solving skills. It is hoped that the results of this study will show that the application of PBL can significantly improve students' creativity and facilitate their growth in academic and social aspects. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective curriculum and learning practices at the elementary education level.

Gradient-enhanced deep Gaussian processes for multifidelity modeling

Multifidelity models integrate data from multiple sources to produce a single approximator for the underlying process. Dense low-fidelity samples are used to reduce interpolation error, while sparse high-fidelity samples are used to compensate for bias or noise in the low-fidelity samples. Deep Gaussian processes (GPs) are attractive for multifidelity modeling as they are non-parametric, robust to overfitting, perform well for small datasets, and, critically, can capture nonlinear and input-dependent relationships between data of different fidelities. Many datasets naturally contain gradient data, most commonly when they are generated by computational models that have adjoint solutions or are built in automatic differentiation frameworks.Principally, this work extends deep GPs to incorporate gradient data. We demonstrate this method on an analytical test problem and two realistic aerospace problems: one focusing on a hypersonic waverider with an inviscid gas dynamics truth model and another focusing on the canonical ONERA M6 wing with a viscous Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes truth model.In both examples, the gradient-enhanced deep GP outperforms a gradient-enhanced linear GP model and their non-gradient-enhanced counterparts.

Solving Max-cut Problem with a mixed penalization method for Semidefinite Programming

This paper is an attempt to exploit the opportunity of Semi Definite Programming (SDP), which is an area of convex and conic optimization. Indeed, Numerous NP-hard problems can be solveby using this approach. Hence, we intend to investigate the strength of SDP to model and provide tight relaxations of combinatorial and quadratic problems in order to present a new polynomial time algorithm for solving this robust model. This algorithm was firstly use to solve the nonlinear programs, the reason for which we search to extend it to the SDP programs. Actually, this algorithm designs the combination of two penalization methods. The first one is a primal-dual interior point (PDIM) method while the second one is a primal-dual exterior point (PDEM) method. Unlike the first method, which converges globally, the second one, also called the primal dual nonlinear rescaling method, has local super linear/quadratic convergence. Therefore, it seems appropriate to use a mixed algorithm based on the interior-exterior point method (IEPM). In fact, this resolution starts from the interior method, and at a certain level of execution, it proceeds to exterior method. Hence, a convergence evaluation function is use to know the level of permutation. Through evaluation, it has been approve that our approach is use to solve some instances of max-cut problem. This problem is a central graph theory model that occurs in many real problems and it is one of many NP-hard problems, which has attracted many researchers over the years. Then, we have used a semi definite programming solver SDPA (Semi Definite Programming Algorithm) that is modify to include the exterior point method subroutine. From the computational performance, we conclude that as the problem size increases, interior-exterior point algorithm gets relatively faster. The numerical results obtained are promising.

Creating And Accelerating The Shift From Fossil Fuel Jobs To Green Energy Jobs

The green energy job market in the United States is growing consistently, whereas fossil fuel employment is declining. Green energy jobs have overtaken fossil fuel jobs in electric power generation (EPG), and they are beginning to command a presence in the fuels sector. Demand for green energy workers is very high, and green energy employers are having trouble finding qualified workers to fill their open positions. Real wages in green energy are increasing, the jobs are stable, and workers have more choice as to which parts of the US they want to live in. Meanwhile, workers are being pushed out of fossil fuel jobs, and this has caused fossil fuel dependent communities to languish. However, workers pushed out of fossil fuel industries are not shifting to green energy jobs, despite their attractive qualities. This is caused by numerous, major barriers. However, solutions are starting to form amongst major institutions such as the Brookings Institute and the New York Times, showcasing that there is a real problem and potential for opportunity in this area. A possible solution is to take this job transition online, consolidating the workers, employers, and necessary re-training in one place

A Cross Sectional Descriptive Research On Prevalence Of Digestive Diseases In Moroccan Population

Background: Gastrointestinal diseases are a real public health problem, that decreases the quality of life. The aim of the present study is to investigate gender and age differences in the sociodemographic and clinical profile of digestive diseases in Morocco. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional descriptive study including 569 patients, during a period of four years, from January 2016 to December 2019. We included all patients with digestive disorders, at the gastroenterology department of a Moroccan Hospital in Rabat. Subjects were selected through simple random sampling method. Data was collected using questionnaire. The studied parameters were the age, the gender and the type of disease. Results: During the period, we registered 569 cases of digestive diseases. Men were more affected, 53% were male and 47% were female with a sex-ratio of 1.13. Moreover, the most concerned age group was [45-65 [ years then ≥65 years. The average age was 56.8 ± 22.8 years. The most common digestive diseases in our target population were Crohn’s disease (39 % of cases), gastritis with 32%, followed by colitis (10 %) and cirrhosis with 8 %. There is a statistically significant association between age and type of disease (chi-square = 227, p=0. These diseases mainly affect the age group between 45 and 64. Conclusion: The chronic nature of many of these diseases result in a significant impact in terms of medical care utilization, direct and indirect economic costs, and quality of lif

A comprehensive review of advances in physics-informed neural networks and their applications in complex fluid dynamics

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent an emerging computational paradigm that incorporates observed data patterns and the fundamental physical laws of a given problem domain. This approach provides significant advantages in addressing diverse difficulties in the field of complex fluid dynamics. We thoroughly investigated the design of the model architecture, the optimization of the convergence rate, and the development of computational modules for PINNs. However, efficiently and accurately utilizing PINNs to resolve complex fluid dynamics problems remain an enormous barrier. For instance, rapidly deriving surrogate models for turbulence from known data and accurately characterizing flow details in multiphase flow fields present substantial difficulties. Additionally, the prediction of parameters in multi-physics coupled models, achieving balance across all scales in multiscale modeling, and developing standardized test sets encompassing complex fluid dynamic problems are urgent technical breakthroughs needed. This paper discusses the latest advancements in PINNs and their potential applications in complex fluid dynamics, including turbulence, multiphase flows, multi-field coupled flows, and multiscale flows. Furthermore, we analyze the challenges that PINNs face in addressing these fluid dynamics problems and outline future trends in their growth. Our objective is to enhance the integration of deep learning and complex fluid dynamics, facilitating the resolution of more realistic and complex flow problems.

A brief review of the History of Computational Intelligence, Bio-Inspired Computing and Scientific Computing

The use of computational tools to solve real problems of different industries has been in increased significantly. Software is used to solve problems of the air, sea, ground, pipes, and aerospace transportation planning; problems related to the science of sport, chemistry, medicine, nursing, mechatronics, robotics; business problems related to minimize costs and maximize profits, problems of management of small, medium and large companies; agro-industrial problems, environment, among many others. To solve real problems using scientific computation, Bio-inspired and computational intelligence. This paper aims to present a review of the history of Computational Intelligence Bio-Inspired Computing and scientific computing.

Mathematical modelling of problems with delay and after-effect

This paper provides a tutorial review of the use of delay differential equations in mathematical models of real problems. We use the COVID-19 pandemic as an example to help explain our conclusions. We present the fundamental delay differential equation as a prototype for modelling problems where there is a delay or after-effect, and we reveal (via the characteristic values) the infinite dimensional nature of the equation and the presence of oscillatory solutions not seen in corresponding equations without delay. We discuss how models were constructed for the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in view of the relative lack of understanding of the disease and the paucity of available data in the early stages, and we identify both strengths and weaknesses in the modelling predictions and how they were communicated and applied. We consider the question of whether equations with delay could have been or should have been utilised at various stages in order to make more accurate or more useful predictions.