Label Reading Research Articles

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach: reading intention of food label composition

Food product labels have a crucial role as they provide the main source of information about the products. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference and the influence of knowledge, perception, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral control toward the intention of reading the composition labels using the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study used a survey method with a total of 400 respondents selected using multistage random sampling. The statistical analyses used were independent t-test and logistic regression. The findings showed that most respondents did not have the intention to read the composition labels. Knowledge, perception, and the subjective norms of the female respondents regarding the composition labels were better than that of the male respondents and were statistically different at p<0.05. However, attitudes toward behavior, behavioral control, and intention in reading the composition label tended to be similar for both genders. Intention was influenced by perception (p<0.05), behavioral control (p<0.01) and subjective norms (p<0.01). The better the perception, behavioral control, and subjective norms, the greater the intention of reading the composition label. The results revealed that the three components could be used to predict a person’s intention toward an object and also composition labels reading behavior.

Evaluation of Food Labelling the Products with Information Regarding the Level of Sugar: A Preliminary Study

The aim of this article is to explore the reasons for seeking selected information on a food label, with particular emphasis on certain information about sugar. In order to meet the aim, in 2020, a survey was conducted among consumers aged 18–45. Predictive models (Logistic Regression) were developed for noticing “light” products and reading food labels. The results of our study indicate that consumers are mainly discouraged from reading label information by a large amount of information, the lack of time, and a general reluctance to be interested in label information. When it comes to the factors that lead people to read label information, the naturalness of the product, its organic origin, and physical activity are important. Moreover, respondents who declared that they noticed products on the market defined as “light” were those who were interested in the naturalness of the product, but also consumers declaring that they have nutritional knowledge. The results of the study indicate the need to intensify information campaigns in order to emphasize how important it is for consumers to read the information on food labels. The amount and complexity of information currently appearing on the food label may unfortunately discourage consumers from reading it, so it is important to continuously improve this form of communication with the consumer.

Evaluation of a nutrition education resource for refugees and newly arrived migrants to Australia.

To assess the impact of a multi-lingual education video on the healthy eating knowledge of individuals in refugee and newly arrived migrant community groups. A mixed methods, pre- and post-test study design was used. Participants completed a verbal questionnaire with pictorial answer sheets prior to and immediately after viewing one chapter of a healthy eating video. Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured, focus group discussions following the video viewing. Eighty-six participants were recruited via convenience sampling through refugee community organisations in the Illawarra Shoalhaven, South Western Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health Districts. Study participants self-selected to attend Arabic (n=17), Dari (n=12), Karen (n=32) or Tibetan (n=25) sessions. In 85 participants with pre-post results, there was a significant improvement in healthy eating knowledge after viewing the video (mean score 61% [SD 23.2] vs 75% [SD 24.2]; [P < .05]). Increased mean scores were observed in all language groups except the Karen-speaking group. Focus group responses indicated the video improved food literacy, particularly in the areas of food safety, fruit and vegetable consumption, label reading, writing a shopping list and decreasing intake of sugary drinks. The video improved healthy eating knowledge of individuals in refugee and newly-arrived migrant community groups. SO WHAT?: There is potential for these nutrition education resources to inform and educate newly arrived refugees and migrants to Australia about healthy eating practices, however, future research is required to determine their effect on actual behaviour change.

Salt Consumption Characteristics of Adults and Relationship with Label Reading Habit

Yüksek tuz tüketimi pek çok hastalık için risk faktörüdür. Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmada yetişkinlerin tuz tüketimine ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarnı belirlemek ve etiket okuma alışkanlığıyla ilişkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Ağustos – Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında bir ildeki alışveriş veriş merkezinin kafeteryasında olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 130 kişiden “Tuz Tüketim Özellikleri Anketi” ve “Gıda Etiketi Okuma ve Sayısal Okuryazarlık” ölçeği ve tansiyon ölçümü ile toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortancası 40,0 yıl (28.00- 55.75), 20 kişinin (%15.40) tuz kısıtlamasını gerektiren bir sağlık sorunu vardı ve 98’i (%75.40) günlük tuz tüketimlerini kontrol etmek için hiçbir şey yapmıyordu. Gıda etiketinde en sık okunan bilgi son kullanma tarihiyken (90 kişi, %69.20), 105 kişi (%80.80) hiçbir zaman tuz-sodyum oranına bakmamıştı. Besin etiketinde tuz-sodyum miktarını okuyanların tuz tüketimini kontrol etme eğilimi (p=0.004) ve tuza ilişkin bilgi puan ortalamaları okumayanlardan yüksekti (p≤0.001). Toplumda gıda etiketi okuma alışkanlığının yeterince yaygın olmadığı ve günlük tuz tüketiminin azaltılmasına yönelik farkındalığın düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Tuz tüketiminin azaltılması için toplumda farkındalığın arttırılması gerekmektedir.

Factors influencing grocery shopping choices and the prevalence of food label use among Saudi mothers: a cross-sectional pilot study

PurposeThere is currently limited data available on the Saudi population’s adoption of nutritional guidelines or on other factors influencing food purchasing behaviors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of nutrition label use, explore factors that could influence food choices during grocery shopping and evaluate the association of these factors with the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers.Design/methodology/approachMothers were recruited at a community event. They were requested to complete a questionnaire that assessed social and lifestyle characteristics as well as product features that influence food choices during grocery shopping.FindingsThe study included 157 mothers. The prevalence of label reading was high with 69% of participants always or mostly reading labels pre-purchase. Features that were most likely to “always” influence purchase choices included: product healthfulness (57.3%), children’s preference (45.9%), specific needs of a family member (38.9%). The feature “awareness campaigns and workshops” was found to be associated with both low and high-income groups. There was a poor understanding of what the “light” food label meant with only 37.6% answering correctly.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed with a higher sample size with diverse sociodemographic characteristics.Practical implicationsSaudi mothers are influenced by product healthfulness as well as children’s and family members’ needs when grocery shopping. There was a high prevalence of reading nutrition labels prepurchase. These findings can inform future public health policy on the main drivers for food purchasing decisions and the need for educational initiatives in Saudi Arabia.Originality/valueThe present research collates factors influencing food choices

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ food label reading behaviours and trust in food label information

PurposeThere are many studies investigating people’s eating habits during the COVID-19 period, and people have been encouraged to eat healthier. Healthy nutrition is made possible by making healthy food choices and food labels are one of the tools that help consumers make healthy food choices. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ food label reading behaviours and their level of trust in food labels.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,012 adults aged 18–65 years from seven different regions of Turkey. Participants’ food label reading behaviours and their trust in food label information were assessed using an online questionnaire, and COVID-19 fear scores were determined using the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S).FindingsAlthough not statistically significant, participants’ rate of reading food labels increased during the pandemic (65.6% vs 68.7%, p = 0.078). On the contrary, trust in label information decreased significantly (52.1% vs 43.9%, p < 0.001). In addition, increased COVID-19 fear was associated with an increased rate of food label reading and decreased trust in the label information (p < 0.001).Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the study’s cross-sectional nature, the authors cannot provide a causal link between COVID-19 fear and food label reading behaviours and trust in food label information. However, it is difficult to investigate this causal link due to difficulties in studies of consumer behaviour and food choice (e.g. multifactorial effects and complexity). Second, because the present study’s findings were based on self-report data, there may be a risk of resource bias. Nevertheless, the authors think that this study will shed light on future studies as it is the first time that the COVID-19 pandemic has investigated consumers’ food label reading habits and their trust in food labels.Practical implicationsConsidering the pandemic as an opportunity to change consumer behaviour, it may be useful to provide food label reading education to consumers, especially during this period. In addition, the information given on the label should be clear and understandable for a better understanding of the food label information. Furthermore, it may be beneficial to conduct food inspections more frequently and share the results with the public to increase consumers’ trust in food labels. Moreover, as the food system shifts towards a “new normal”, it is critical for policymakers to understand the changes in consumer perceptions, preferences and trust in foods.Originality/valueCOVID-19 fear affected consumers’ food label reading behaviours. As far as the authors know, there is no study about the effects of COVID-19 on consumers’ food label reading behaviours.

TÜKETİCİLERDE BESİN ETİKETİ OKUMA ALIŞKANLIĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ELAZIĞ İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

This study, it was aimed to evaluate the nutrition label reading habits of adult consumers aged 18 and over, in Elazığ city center. This cross-sectional study consists of consumers who shop from the shopping malls in Elazığ city center. 300 people were reached in the study. Evaluating the “always” response as 2 points, “sometimes” as 1 point, and the “never” as 0 points, the “Nutrition Label Reading Habit Score” was obtained. The score that can be obtained varies between 0 and 56. While 28% of the participants “always” read the nutrition label, 62% “sometimes”, and 10% “never” read it. The mean score for the nutrition label reading habit of women was significantly higher than that of men (p=0.002). Among the age groups, the highest score was significantly in the 35-44 age group (p=0.004). As the education level increased, the score also increased considerably (p&amp;lt;0.001). The score was found to be notably higher in consumers who are working, married, and have children (p&amp;lt;0.05). The scores of those who received nutrition training than those who did not receive such education (p&amp;lt;0.001), and scores of those who read the nutrition label while using the product instead of reading it at home were significantly higher (p=0.002). It has been observed that there are deficiencies in reading the nutrition labels on packaged products, at the same time; women, those with a high level of education, those who are married, have children, and those who have received nutritional education have a higher habit of reading nutrition labels.

Consumer Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices on the Use of Nutrition Labeling including Traffic Light Labeling (TLL) System in Sri Lanka

ObjectivesTo apprehend the level of knowledge, understanding and comprehension of the use of various nutrition labeling by Sri Lankan consumers and to assess the consumer perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding the use of the front-of-pack (FOP) traffic light labeling (TLL) system.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was employed to collect data from a sample of adults aged 18 years and above (n = 310; mean age = 28.55 ± 11.47) recruited using convenient and snowball sampling techniques. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics followed by chi-square and regression analyses.ResultsThe majority of respondents had satisfactory nutrition knowledge (63%) and satisfactory understanding and comprehension (67%) of the use of nutrition labels including TLL. Only 32% of participants were accustomed to using TLL while making food purchases. To know what was bought and consumed (90%) and respective product prices (79%) were the major prospects for reading labels. However, time constraints (70%) and the lack of nutrition panel details on some products (69%) cause them to fall behind. Results showed nutrition knowledge was significantly associated with self-rated dietary intake (P < 0.05), and label reading frequency was significantly associated with nutrition knowledge (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, both consumer knowledge regarding TLL (P < 0.05) and the use of TLL (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with consumers’ nutrition knowledge. Age was significantly associated with the use of TLL (P < 0.05). TLL was viewed favorably by consumers and seen as simple, easy-to-understand, eye-catching and helpful in making informed dietary choices. However, certain consumers doubted its trustworthiness.ConclusionsThough the studied population had satisfactory nutrition knowledge and understanding, nutrition information on labels was not as important as price and expiry date. Likewise, most were unconvinced about the reliability of the nutrition information on food labels even though the nutrition labels influence the majority's purchasing decisions. Although the consumers saw benefits in TLL, the use of TLL was also low. Efforts to educate the public on the application of nutrition labeling in the food choice situation may prompt its use among consumers.Funding SourcesNone.

Impact of Dietary Counselling on Mental Health and Diet Quality in Singapore Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesAs the proportion of population ages in Singapore, some of the challenges associated with mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety become common. A good nutrition has been found to be beneficial for good mental health and the provision of dietary counselling is one of the effective dietary strategies to improve their nutritional status and mental health. However, this effect has not been assessed in Singapore older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of dietary counselling on the mental health and diet quality of older Singaporean adults. MethodsThis was a 24-week, parallel design, randomized controlled trial where 39 older women (aged above 60 y) in Singapore were randomized in which the intervention group received dietary counselling to follow a healthy dietary pattern and the control group did not receive dietary counselling. The dietary counselling was given for 12 weeks for the intervention group and the remaining 12 weeks were for follow up. The counselling topic covered various topics on food proportioning, food label reading and several age-related diseases. Mental health questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire and sleep quality questionnaire were administered at baseline, week 12 and week 24. Participants were required to complete a 3-day food record and the diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). All results were presented as least square mean ± SE. ResultsThe intervention group observed a significant decrease in Geriatric Depression Scale over time from week 0 to week 12 and week 24 (week 0: 2.0 ± 0.5; week 12: 1.1 ± 0.5; week 24: 0.8 ± 0.3, P < 0.05) while Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and Quality of Life scores were not changed. The intervention group also showed an increase in dietary quality based on the AHEI-2010 score at week 12 (55 ± 2 to 60 ± 2) and week 24 (55 ± 2 to 61 ± 2, P < 0.05) as compared to week 0 (55 ± 2), however only week 24 was statistically significantly. The control group saw a decrease in score over time though not statistically significant (baseline: 59 ± 2; week 12: 58 ± 2; week 24: 56 ± 2). ConclusionsThe provision of dietary counselling over a period of 24 weeks may be a viable nutritional strategy to improve dietary quality and may confer benefits in the mental health outcome. Funding SourcesMind Science Centre, National University of Singapore (NUS)

Determinants of Food Choices and Selection of Healthier Food Products by Adults (20–40 Years Old) Residing in Delhi

ObjectivesThis study was aimed to assess the factors influencing food choices, food label reading habits, and understanding of nutrition information on food labels among adults. MethodsThe study had a cross-sectional study design with a non-probability purposive sampling technique where adults who engaged in food purchase were selected from housing colonies from four geographical zones of the city. Key informants were contacted and thereafter snowball sampling was applied to collect data using a mixed-methods approach from 589 adults (20–40 years). Statistical analysis was performed with a level of significance P < 0.05. ResultsThe most influential factors affecting food choices were brand (30%), nutritive value (22%), and taste (20%). Food selection depended on whether the adult had a meal with friends or family. Most participants read food labels (79%) and noticed nutrition and health claims (76%) on packaged food items. Most participants (80%) between 20–30 years read food labels and were most influenced by the health claim ‘lowers cholesterol’ (χ2 = 44.5, P < 0.001) compared to 30–40 year olds. Participants belonging to the upper-middle-income group were less likely to value nutrition over taste as compared to the high-income group while choosing food products adjusting for age, marital status, and gender (OR = 0.57, CI:0.381–0.86). Around 77% of participants believed that they understood nutritional information, though most (74%) could not identify whether foods were rich or low in specific nutrients. Females were more likely to understand nutrition information as compared to men (OR = 1.52, CI: 1.01–2.31). Among all the nutrient profiling models shown, the majority found the color-coded ‘traffic light scheme’ format easiest to understand. ConclusionsA combination of drivers influences food selection by an adult. The public health policy needs to adopt a food systems approach that brings about change in the food environment. The availability of healthy yet tasty alternatives needs to be encouraged and foods high in fat, salt, and sugar need to be discouraged. The packaging regulations need to ensure that food labels communicate about healthfulness in a simple manner to enable consumers to make better food choices. Funding SourcesThe first author (S.M.) received a Senior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission (India).

519-P: “What Can I Eat?” Healthy Choices for American Indians and Alaska Natives with T2D: Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial Outcomes from a Nutrition Diabetes Education Program

“What Can I Eat? (WCIE) Healthy Choices for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) with T2D” is a 5-lesson diabetes nutrition education program culturally adapted for AI/ANs with T2D. Classes were taught synchronously via Zoom at 5 reservation-based or urban inter-tribal clinical sites nationwide in 2021. Classes were taught by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN) and topics included the diabetes plate, sugar sweetened beverages, heart healthy choices, food label reading. Class activities included didactic sessions, hands-on interactive learning, physical activity, mindful eating, and goal setting. Participants were recruited through diabetes registries at each collaborating site and randomized to either the immediate or the wait list group. The former group started classes immediately upon randomization; the latter started classes 3 months after randomization. Participants (N=58) were AI/AN adults with T2D (baseline data: mean age 58.6 +/-11.1 years, 26% male; BMI 33.8 (+/- 7.1)) . Before participation, each enrollee received a “class kit” including class activity resources and tools to collect evaluation data (i.e., scale, A1C kit, blood pressure monitor, and paper impact surveys) . Classes 1-4 were taught weekly for 4 weeks; the 5th class was taught 3 months after class #1. Data were collected at 3 timepoints: baseline, 1 month (after class 4) and 3 month (after class 5) . Outcomes included diabetes self-efficacy, behavior (physical activity and diet) , and clinical measures (BMI, blood pressure, A1c) . Linear mixed models were used to assess intervention effects on changes in outcome measures from baseline. No significant changes from pre to post were observed in behavior or clinical outcomes. Compared to the wait list group, the immediate group had greater increase in self-efficacy for using the diabetes plate at 1 and 3 months (ps&amp;lt;0.01) and for making healthy food choices at 1 month (p=0.047) . Disclosure K.R.Moore: Consultant; Novo Nordisk. D.Pavli: None. H.Pontius: None. J.Yanson: None. L.Jiang: None. Ai/an wcie study group: n/a. S.A.Stotz: n/a. A.G.Brega: None. M.C.Mcnulty: None. I.Adedoyin: None. G.Austin: None. N.Couture: None. H.Garrow: None. N.O'banion: None. Funding American Diabetes Association (4-18-SMSC-01)

Food safety knowledge and changes in practices and concerns of Indian families during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeUnsafe food can lead to various foodborne diseases and even death, especially among children. This paper aims to assess food safety knowledge and changes in practices and concerns among adults ≥ 18 years during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among 325 adults living in Northern India. Demographic data and information regarding their knowledge, practices and concerns about various food safety issues were collected to see if there were any changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe results showed that the participants had slightly higher than average knowledge and good food safety practices with mean scores of 9.75 ± 2.23 and 24.87 ± 2.28, respectively. Contracting COVID-19 from food and food packaging materials was of high concern for more than 70% of the participants. Majority (> 80%) of them reported an increase in the frequency of handwashing. About 16% of the participants used chemical disinfectants for washing fruits and vegetables. An increase (57.5%) in the frequency of food label reading was also noted during the pandemic. Freshness and the general quality of food items (49.5%), safety of food (30.8%) and cost (18.2%) were the top drivers that influenced the purchase decision.Originality/valueThis study highlighted the need to send out clear messages on safe food handling practices and keeping the tempo up for sustaining good hygienic practices. This will help in reducing the risk of foodborne diseases.

Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Lebanese shoppers towards food labeling: The first steps in the Nutri-score roadmap.

Background: Food labeling is a fundamental educational tool for advocating for public awareness. It emphasizes knowledge of the nutrient content of food and thus directs the choice towards the healthiest food products. This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding nutrition label use in Lebanon through a valid questionnaire. Methods: Overall, 768 participants (mean age: 30.8 ±12, males: 60.2%) were recruited randomly between February and May 2020. We used word of mouth and social media to recruit our sample population. Results: Social media was the most accessed tool to attain nutrition information by responders (39.8%). More than half the participants expressed positive attitudes to check information related to sugars (66.4%), vitamins (64.9%), total fats (61.7%), proteins (59.1%), and calories (58.7%) on the food label. Expiry date, price, and brand name were the top three considerations while reading food labels. About half (46.5%) reported to "always" look at the food label. Responders reported reading labels related primarily to sugars (44.3%), calories (38.8%), and total fats (36.8%). The optimal total KAP score was 46; our findings revealed a mean KAP score of 14.46 ±7 (31.4%). When categorizing the KAP scores, 15% had high scores, and 85% scored low. Spearman's coefficients showed positive correlations between knowledge-attitude, knowledge-practice, and attitude-practice scores, with p<0.001. The regression analysis revealed that gender, age, BMI, residency area, educational level, university degree, health and diet statuses, and activity level were significant predictors of the KAP score. Being on a diet had the highest odds (OR=3.107, CI=1.904-5.072, p<0.001). Conclusion: The low awareness of food labels leads Lebanese people to choose unhealthy food options. A planned educational program is recommended to ease the interpretation of these labels.

Effects of University Students’ Perceived Food Literacy on Ecological Eating Behavior towards Sustainability

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and industrialized food systems, people’s eating behavior has become seriously restricted. Especially, university students have started to overly depend on processed foods and carnivorous diets, and it places a huge burden on society by inducing the deterioration of health and environmental sustainability. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine the effects of university students’ perceived food literacy on ecological eating behavior towards sustainability. A total of 395 university students in South Korea participated in this research. First, students’ food literacy components, which are reading labels and budgeting, healthy snack styles, healthy food stockpiling and resilience and resistance, exert positive influences on ecological eating behavior; second, the other two components, which are food preparation skills and social and conscious eating, have no positive impact on ecological eating behavior. Finally, the influences of food literacy on ecological behavior are significantly moderated by gender differences. This suggests that strengthening university students’ food literacy through education is necessary to promote ecological eating behaviors and advance the development of sustainable society.

Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Lebanese shoppers towards food labeling: The first steps in the Nutri-score roadmap

Background: Food labeling is a fundamental educational tool for advocating for public awareness. It emphasizes knowledge of the nutrient content of food and thus directs the choice towards the healthiest food products. This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding nutrition label use in Lebanon through a valid questionnaire. Methods: Overall, 768 participants (mean age: 30.8 ±12, males: 60.2%) were recruited randomly between February and May 2020. We used word of mouth and social media to recruit our sample population. Results: Social media was the most accessed tool to attain nutrition information by responders (39.8%). More than half the participants expressed positive attitudes to check information related to sugars (66.4%), vitamins (64.9%), total fats (61.7%), proteins (59.1%), and calories (58.7%) on the food label. Expiry date, price, and brand name were the top three considerations while reading food labels. About half (46.5%) reported to “always” look at the food label. Responders reported reading labels related primarily to sugars (44.3%), calories (38.8%), and total fats (36.8%). The optimal total KAP score was 46; our findings revealed a mean KAP score of 14.46 ±7 (31.4%). When categorizing the KAP scores, 15% had high scores, and 85% scored low. Spearman’s coefficients showed positive correlations between knowledge-attitude, knowledge-practice, and attitude-practice scores, with p<0.001. The regression analysis revealed that gender, age, BMI, residency area, educational level, university degree, health and diet statuses, and activity level were significant predictors of the KAP score. Being on a diet had the highest odds (OR=3.107, CI=1.904-5.072, p<0.001). Conclusion: The low awareness of food labels leads Lebanese people to choose unhealthy food options. A planned educational program is recommended to ease the interpretation of these labels.

Recovering the Story of Pragmatism in India: Bhimrao Ambedkar, John Dewey, and the Origins of Navayana Pragmatism

Recovering the Story of Pragmatism in India: Bhimrao Ambedkar, John Dewey, and the Origins of Navayana Pragmatism

Potential Development and Marketing of Jawa Super Chicken Eggs to Promote Sustainable of Food Security at Ngoro-Oro Village, Gunungkidul during Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic severely affect the economic sector especially on food security and purchasing power. Based on the program in 2019 and 2020, it has been found that jawa super hen can lay up to 20- 25 eggs/hen/month with good maintenance and feeding. This study aimed to solved the food security problem in Ngoro-oro village by educating the villagers about how to market their jawa super chicken eggs as an effort to improve the economic standard of the community. The activity was carried out for 7 months included producing alternative chicken feed using black soldier fly larvae, post-harvesting management, and evaluating consumer egg preference survey using google form which spread randomly over some different communities to determine the best promotional strategy. The Ngoro-oro villagers eagerly attended both of the trainings. Some of them even succeeded in developing maggot from the black soldier fly which can be used to produce as an alternative feed for poultry. We got 126 respondents from the consumer egg preference survey. We found that around 60% respondents prefer to consume medium size egg, light to dark brown egg and around 80% respondents are interested to try consuming jawa super eggs. Most of the respondents prefer simple and easy to read label as well as carton-based packaging for the eggs. Collecting all the information together, we found that jawa super eggs may have potency to be sell in the market as medium size brown eggs supported by a good brand, packaging, and promotion strategy

Nutritional self-care practices and skills of patients with diabetes mellitus: A study at a tertiary hospital in Ghana

Nutritional management decreases and/or prevents the complications and deaths associated with diabetes mellitus. However, the majority of patients living with diabetes do not engage in optimal nutritional management of diabetes because they see it as the most difficult aspect of managing the condition. This study aimed to explore and describe the practices and skills on nutritional management of diabetes mellitus among patients living with diabetes attending a Ghanaian hospital. This study employed an exploratory, descriptive qualitative research design. Fifteen participants were recruited using purposive sampling, and interviewed with a semi-structured interview guide. Content analysis was performed on the data gathered, following which three main themes emerged. More than two-thirds of the participants of this study had adequate meal planning skills, ate the right quantity of foods, engaged in healthy eating habits, and consumed healthy sources of carbohydrates, fats and protein when eating. However, more than half of the participants had insufficient knowledge and skills in the reading and usage of food labels. The participants of this study largely engaged in optimal nutritional management of diabetes due to their healthy dietary practices and preferences. It is recommended that health care professionals in Ghana find practical and robust ways to factor the reading and usage of food labels into the care and management of patients with diabetes.

CuInS2 Quantum Dot and Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites for All‐Optical Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging

Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 8, 2100518 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202100518 In the originally published article, Figure 2b displays an incorrect x-axis label reading “Laser Fluence [μJ]” instead of “Laser Pulse Energy [μJ]”. Here, the authors provide an updated version of Figure 2, featuring the correct version of Figure 2b with the proper x-axis label which reads “Laser Pulse Energy [μJ]”. The corresponding caption should read “b) Ultrasound pressures measured from CIS-PDMS coating from increasing laser pulse energies.” rather than “b) Ultrasound pressures measured from CIS-PDMS coating from different laser pulse energies.” as seen in the revised figure. The authors state that this correction does not affect or alter the findings of this paper including subsequent data analysis and apologise for the confusion and inconvenience caused by this error.

The effect of orthorexia nervosa on food label reading habits among university students.

This observational cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate university students' food label reading habits with and without orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendency. Data were collected online with a questionnaire. The questionnaire form included sociodemographic variables, the ORTO-11 scale, the reading frequency of some components on the food label, and the evaluation of some opinions about the food label. The obtained data were evaluated with SPSS 25.0 statistical package program and GraphPad Prism program. A total of 674 university students (mean age: 21.03 ± 2.43years), 537 women (79.7%) and 137 men (20.3%) were included in the study. It was determined that individuals with ON tendency read some nutrients, content information, serving size, health information, instructions for use, additives and brand more frequently compared to individuals without ON tendency (p < 0.05). At the same time, it was determined that individuals with ON tendency were more likely to agree with the idea that reading food labels is important for a healthy diet, compared to individuals with normal eating behavior (p < 0.001). The study findings show that individuals with ON tendency have a higher habits of reading food labels compared to individuals with normal eating behavior. To reach a decision on this issue and to determine the diagnostic criteria for ON, future studies should be conducted on different groups and samples with higher participation, as well as studies using different screening tools to determine the tendency for ON. V, Cross-sectional descriptive study.