Reaction Of Sulfide Research Articles

PURIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON NATURAL GASES FROM HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN A TUBULAR TURBULENT APPARATUS

Purification of gases and petroleum products from sulfur compounds has always been one of the main problems of oil and gas processing and gas transportation. In recent decades, this problem has become even more urgent due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of petroleum products and the transition to high requirements for combustible natural gas supplied and transported through main gas pipelines. To ensure standardized indicators for hydrogen sulfide in gas, purification of this component is required. Traditionally, desulphurization of light hydrocarbon raw materials is reduced to removing hydrogen sulfide with amine solutions and removing mercaptans with aqueous-alkaline solutions using absorption equipment. To purify natural petroleum gas from hydrogen sulfide, it seems promising to use direct-flow vortex devices with small dimensions to create the required interfacial surface, as well as low hydraulic resistance. Based on the high rate of reaction of hydrogen sulfide with a hydrogen sulfide absorbent based on formaldehyde, research has been carried out to develop a technology for purifying associated petroleum gas using a tubular turbulent apparatus. By creating a high specific contact surface between the gas phases and the hydrogen sulfide absorber using the proposed technology, high efficiency in purifying associated gas from hydrogen sulfide was achieved under field conditions. Purified associated petroleum gas with a hydrogen sulfide content of 0.003 g/m3 complied with the STO Gazprom standard 089-2010 and the Technical Regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union 046/2018.

Photocatalytic [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Ethyl Diazoacetate

AbstractWe describe a photocatalytic reaction of diazo compounds with allyl sulfides under visible-light reaction conditions. In the presence of Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as a photocatalyst, a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction occurs that leads to the formation of homoallylic sulfides. This reaction proceeds in acetone as the solvent, which is unusual in carbene-transfer reactions, and it shows a broad substrate scope in the rearrangement reaction of allylic sulfides.

Reactivity of hydrogen sulfide toward organic compounds with sulfur-sulfur bonds

The presence of organic molecules containing sulfur-sulfur bonds was documented in the water columns and sediments of the natural aquatic systems as well as in fossil fuels. These compounds range from small molecules of volatile organic compounds to polysulfide cross-linked macromolecules in the sediments. While processes leading to formation of these compounds were intensively studied during the last decades, kinetics and mechanisms of reactions which lead to their decomposition are poorly understood. In this work, the kinetics and products of the reactions of dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and cyclic polysulfide lenthionine (1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane) with hydrogen sulfide at the environmental pH and temperature ranges were studied. It was shown that at pH ≥ 5, the reaction of bisulfide anion (HS–) rather than that of hydrogen sulfide controls the overall reaction rates. The activation energy and the order of the reaction with respect to bisulfide anion is dimethyl disulfide– < dimethyl trisulfide < lenthionine, while the order of the reaction with respect to organosulfur compounds is lenthionine < dimethyl trisulfide < dimethyl disulfide. The obtained results suggest that bisulfide anion is responsible for fast decomposition of organosulfur compounds in aphotic natural aquatic systems. This observation leads to the conclusion that sulfurization of sedimentary organic matter during the early diagenesis is not an unidirectional but a dynamic process, and concentrations of organic compounds with sulfur-sulfur bonds are controlled by the polysulfide to sulfide sulfur concentrations ratio in the sedimentary pore waters. In addition, the cyclic polysulfides were shown to be more stable than their linear analogs that results in preferential preservation of these compounds during the maturation process.

Mid‐Infrared Spectroscopy of Sulfidation Reaction Products and Implications for Sulfur on Mercury

AbstractWe propose that the observed enrichment of sulfur at the surface of Mercury (up to 4 wt.%) is the product of silicate sulfidation reactions with a S‐rich reduced volcanogenic gas phase. Here, we present new experiments on the sulfidation behavior of olivine, diopside, and anorthite. We investigate these reaction products, and those of sulfidized glasses with Mercury compositions previously reported, by mid‐IR reflectance spectroscopy. We investigate both the reacted bulk materials as powders as well as cross‐sections of the reaction products by in situ micro‐IR spectroscopy. The mid‐IR spectra confirm the presence of predicted reaction products including quartz. The mid‐IR reflectance of sulfide reaction products, such as CaS (oldhamite) or MgS (niningerite), is insufficient to be observed in the complex run products. However, the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury will be able to test our hypothesis by investigating the correlated abundances of sulfides with other reaction products such as quartz.

Ammonia-induced corrosion and modification of chrysocolla surface for enhanced adsorption of sulfide species

The copper content of chrysocolla is an oxidized ore, which has high industrial value in terms of development and utilization. Flotation is generally used to recover such minerals. However, few studies have been conducted on the mechanism of ammonium enhanced flotation in the flotation process of chrysotile asbestos at the atomic level, including the enhanced sulfidation process in solution and mineral surface. This study demonstrated that the presence of NH3 only enhances the reaction between Na2S⋅9H2O and Cu ions. The formation of copper-ammonia complexes facilitated the sulfide reaction and led to the generation of more Cu-S species, which can adsorb onto the chrysocolla surface. The NH3 destroys the hydration film of the Cu6[Si6O18]6H2O (1 1 0) surface, creating favorable conditions for sulfidation. The CuS formed in catalytic sulfidation has higher stability compared with CuS formed through direct sulfidation. The NH3 molecule corrosion of the Cu6[Si6O18]6H2O (1 1 0) surface was advantageous in terms of energy, and the formation of Cu(NH3)42+ was − 539.32 kJ·mol−1. After the Cu atom ultimately lost 0.37 e electrons, the Cu-O bond broke, and Cu(NH3)42+ relaxed towards the vacuum layer, which formed a defect at the Cu6[Si6O18]6H2O (1 1 0) surface. The catalytic sulfidation path in the solution was Cu(NH3)4(OH)2 + HS− + 17 H2O + Na+ → CuS + 4NH3 + OH− + 17 H2O + Na+. The total energy of the reaction was − 0.88 kJ·mol−1, which indicated that the catalytic sulfidation reaction could spontaneously occur. The CuS generated by catalytic sulfidation was stably adsorbed to the Cu6[Si6O18]6H2O surface of defects through the formation of stable chemical bond between Cu and O. The obtained results revealed the complex interaction between ammonium and minerals, which paves the way for its efficient sulfide flotation.

Photocatalytic Thiol-Yne Reactions of Alkynyl Sulfides.

Thiol-yne reactions typically employ thiols and terminal alkynes as the reaction partners. The thiol-yne reaction of alkynyl sulfides and thiols is possible when employing a nonmetal photocatalyst eosin Y, green LED irradiation, under an air atmosphere. Alkynyl sulfides were transformed in good overall yields (58-90% total yields, 11 examples) favoring the cis isomer. No addition to the α-position of the alkynyl sulfide is observed, and regioselectivity is believed to be controlled through the stabilization of radical intermediates by the adjacent sulfur atom. Furthermore, control experiments with "all-carbon" internal alkynes demonstrate that alkynyl sulfides possess improved reactivity and regioselectivity profiles during thiol-yne processes.

Incomplete sulfide oxidation under sub-oxic conditions: Rates and aqueous sulfur speciation

The oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals consumes oxygen and can generate redox gradients in mine wastes that affect the mobility of redox-sensitive solutes. However, the controls of oxygen depletion on sulfide reactivity and sulfur mobilization remain poorly constrained, complicating the long-term assessment of drainage quality dynamics. We investigated pyrite and Fe-rich sphalerite weathering using aqueous S speciation and quantitative mineralogical analyses under controlled, ambient versus sub-oxic, conditions at 6 < pH < 9. Titration assays revealed that oxidation rates for pyrite (up to 10−10 mol m−2 s−1) were higher than for sphalerite (up to 10−11 mol m−2 s−1) and, for both minerals, decreased by two orders-of-magnitude under sub-oxic (<50 ppm O2) conditions. Precipitation of secondary S-bearing minerals was restricted to elemental S, with no sulfate- or thiosulfate-salts detectable >0.01 wt%. Sulfate was the dominant aqueous S species produced in all experiments, but significant amounts of thiosulfate, tetrathionate, and sulfite were also found. These dissolved intermediate S species were abundant under both sub-oxic and oxic conditions, and broadly in line with known sulfide oxidation mechanisms, even though the weathering of pyrite produced several factors less incompletely oxidized S than that of sphalerite, under otherwise comparable conditions. This work shows that a range of intermediate S species may be produced even in low-reactivity conditions and may help optimize the management of such mine waste materials.

Facile synthesis of cuprous chloride/copper chloride hydroxide composites for reactive removal of hydrogen sulfide at room temperature

In this work, a self-assembly method is developed to synthesize a series of cuprous chloride/copper chloride hydroxide composites (CCCCHs). The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal performances of these materials are investigated under the conditions of 25 °C, 1 atm and the inlet H2S concentration of 250 ppm in a gaseous N2 mixture with a flow rate of 40 mL min−1. It is demonstrated that the intermediate product of Cu by Fe reduction can react with CuCl2 to form cuprous chloride (CuCl). Then, CuCl2 and H2O are self-assembled on the surface of CuCl to generate the shell layer of copper chloride hydroxides (CCHs). When the molar ratio of CuCl2 to Fe is 4, the CCCCHs show the largest H2S adsorption capacity of 259.5 mg g−1 because CuCl core is almost covered by CCHs overlayers. Based on extensive results of XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS and FTIR analyses, the sulfidation reaction mechanism of CCCCHs can be revealed. When react with H2S, the CCHs surface is decomposed to generate CuCl2·2H2O and Cu2+ is reduced to Cu+, which is accompanied by the oxidation of H2S to form elemental sulfur and sulfate. During the decomposition process of CCHs, sulfidation reaction can penetrate deeply into the adsorbent particles, and the H2S treatment capacity of adsorbent is substantially improved.

Insight Into Geological Evolution of the Mesosiderite Parent Body From Olivine Alteration and Merrillite Pb‐Pb Age in Dong Ujimqin Qi

AbstractMesosiderites are thought to be created by a catastrophic impact that mixes the silicate crust with the metallic core of a differentiated asteroid(s). The metal‐silicate mixing event greatly affects the subsequent geological evolution of the mesosiderite parent body. To gain a better understanding of this mixing event, we carried out studies on olivine alteration and merrillite Pb‐Pb thermochronology in the Dong Ujimqin Qi mesosiderite. The primary olivine in this meteorite has been altered through sulfidation reactions, leading to the formation of troilite‐orthopyroxene intergrowths. This alteration likely took place during metal‐silicate mixing, as the mixing environment can provide favorable chemical and thermal conditions for this reaction. Phosphate‐chromite veins crosscutting the troilite‐orthopyroxene intergrowths indicate a secondary alteration process likely induced by subsequent impacts. Additionally, the metal‐silicate mixing event likely contributed to the occurrence of abundant merrillites at the boundary between silicates and Fe‐Ni metals, as supported by the distinctly depleted incompatible elements resulting from the redox reaction between metals and adjacent silicates. The ion microprobe analyses for these merrillites yielded a Pb‐Pb age of 4,064 ± 120 Ma, which is interpreted as the record of the Pb isotopic closure of merrillite during prolonged cooling associated with the deep burial. Our two‐stage cooling model suggests that the mesosiderite parent body's burial potentially started around 4.52 Ga, which is consistent with the Sm‐Nd, Ar‐Ar, and Pb‐Pb thermochronological records in mesosiderites.

Dominant pathways of FeSx formation and evolution during sulfidation of zero-valent iron by different sulfur agents

Sulfidation of zero-valent iron (SZVI) is an effective method to improve the properties of ZVI for decontamination. Among various sulfidation methods, sulfur agent and sulfidation parameters play decisive roles in the sulfidation reactions. A correct understanding of the reactions to form FeSx is helpful to regulate the sulfidation. In this study, Na2S, Na2S2O3 and Na2S2O4 were used as sulfur agents to reveal the dominant pathways of FeSx formation. Results demonstrate that FeSx tends to form via the reaction of S2- and Fe2+ (S2- pathway) when Na2S and Na2S2O3 are used as sulfur agents, whereas it tends to occur via the reaction of S0 and Fe0 (S0 pathway) when Na2S2O4 is used. During the sulfidation, FeSx gradually grows and covers the surface, and then the FeSx layer flaks off locally. The sulfur agents can also affect the FeSx composition, that is, Na2S and Na2S2O3 tend to form FeS, while Na2S2O4 tends to form FeS2. Such FeSx composition can further affect the performance of SZVI to Cr(VI) removal due to their different conductivity. The study of the influence on SZVI properties with different sulfur agents is helpful to select sulfur agents for targeting design of SZVI.

Fe-single-atom catalyst nanocages linked by bacterial cellulose-derived carbon nanofiber aerogel for Li-S batteries

Li-S battery (LSB) is promising for achieving high capacity. Still, its development is hindered by the complex redox process with sluggish kinetics and particularly the resulting lithium polysulfides (LiPS) shuttle effects. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), with their maximized atom utilization, could effectively chemisorb soluble LiPSs and expedite the sulfide conversion reaction kinetics. Here we report incorporating Fe single metal atom catalyst (Fe-SAC) in the sulfur cathode design and its electrocatalytic effects. Fe-doped ZIF-8 nanocages were introduced into a cheap biomass bacteria cellulose. A pyrolysis process converted them into an aerogel structure with Fe-SAC-functionalized N-doped carbon nanocages linked by a carbon nanofiber network (FeSA-NC@CBC), which was applied as a scaffold to fabricate freestanding and binder-free sulfur cathodes. We conducted electrochemical measurements to reveal Fe-SAC functions including lowering energy barriers for S8 reduction to liquid-phase LiPSs and further to solid-phase Li2S2/Li2S and accelerating Li2S2/Li2S nucleation and deposition, as corroborated by our theoretical calculation results. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of highly active Fe-SAC and three-dimensional conductive network, the sulfide reaction kinetics is improved, which can diminish LiPS shuttle effects and therefore improve LBS rate performance and cycling stability. Accordingly, the fabricated FeSA-NC@CBC composite cathode delivers an excellent rate capability at 2C with a reversible capacity of 840 mAh/g and a long-term cyclic stability of 800 mAh/g at 1C after 500 cycles.

The effects of chlorine-containing species on cinnabar: A density functional theory investigation into the surface adsorption reactivity of mercury sulfide

First-principles computations can be used to noninvasively probe semiconductor surfaces and describe mechanisms and transformations that occur on those surfaces. One such material of interest is the chalcogenide mercury sulfide (HgS), also known as cinnabar. Cinnabar (α-HgS) and its synthetic counterpart (vermilion) have been used as bright red pigments since antiquity and are important sulfide materials in the field of art conservation. However, it has been known since Roman times that these pigments can darken when exposed to light. It has been hypothesized that Cl2 and other chlorine-containing materials are involved in the photodegradation of cinnabar surfaces. Here we use first-principles density functional theory (DFT) to probe the adsorption reactivity of Cl-containing adsorbates on HgS surfaces, as DFT yields information at the atomistic level and can link changes in surface structure to changes in electronic states. Specifically, we model single adsorbates interacting with corrugated and flat HgS surfaces to probe the initial step in the photodegradation mechanism. This allows us to not only assess the strength of adsorption and any corresponding adsorbate dissociations, but also link these adsorption and dissociation events to key changes in the electronic band structure that may act as spectroscopic identifiers in the degradation pathway of chalcogenide semiconductors that contain photoreactive metals.

Combined Sulfidation and Vacuum Distillation for the Directional Removal of Hazardous Mercury from Crude Selenium

In this work, an innovative process involving directional sulfurization–vacuum distillation is proposed to effectively remove trace levels of mercury impurities from crude selenium. First, a reaction between sulfur and mercury is used to break the strong chemical Se-Hg bond to achieve the sulfide mineralization of mercury. Second, selenium and mercury are separated by vacuum distillation based on a difference in volatility. Thermodynamic analysis confirms the feasibility of this method. The experimental results show that the sulfidation reaction potential energy of different sulfidizing agents is in the order S &gt; Na2S &gt; FeS, and the optimum conditions are determined to be the following: a sulfidation temperature of 473 K and time of 30 min, and vacuum distillation experimental parameters of 503 K, 60 min, and 10–20 Pa system pressure. The overall experimental results show that the maximum removal of mercury is 97.49%. The content of mercury in the refined selenium was reduced from 0.32% to 0.0088% in the volatile matter. The results have practical value for the separation of selenium and mercury from hazardous wastes.

Cu2O-CNF heterojunction for exhaled H2S sensing

Developing a gas sensor for the expedient, rapid, and accurate detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in human exhaled breath at room temperature would offer an opportunity for home-style self-monitoring of some chronic diseases. In this work, Cu2O-carbon nanofiber (CNF) heterojunctions were prepared by a two-dimensional (2D) electrodeposition in-situ assembly method to detect low-concentration H2S gas at room temperature. The heterojunction had a distinct interface, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and voltammetry tests. The detection limit of the sensor was as low as 5 ppb, and the sensors could directly distinguish the exhaled breath of healthy individuals and simulated patients. We attributed the excellent performances to synergistic effects of the modulation of the heterointerface barrier and the sulfide reaction of Cu2O. Furthermore, the adsorption behaviors of H2S on the surfaces of pure Cu2O and the Cu2O-CNF heterojunction were evaluated using the density functional theory (DFT) based on first principles. The results further confirmed that the formation of the heterostructure enhances the H2S adsorption capacity and electron transfer of the sensitive material. This study is of great significance for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases with the exhaled H2S biomarker.

The transition from used fuel container corrosion under oxic conditions to corrosion in an anoxic environment

AbstractThe conversion of copper oxide films on copper to copper sulfide has been investigated in sulfide‐containing chloride solutions. Single‐phase Cu2O films and duplex films consisting of Cu2O and CuO, and possibly Cu(OH)2, were prepared electrochemically on copper specimens at various applied potentials and characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. The surface condition of the specimens subsequently exposed to a solution containing sulfide was monitored by measuring the corrosion potential (Ecorr) for various exposure periods, then cathodic stripping voltammetry was performed. Cuprite (Cu2O) was observed to be converted to Cu2S by chemical reaction with sulfide, while the conversion mechanism for the mixed deposit could comprise a galvanic process involving CuII reduction coupled to the formation of Cu2S by the reaction of sulfide with copper within pores in the Cu2O/CuO surface film and a chemical conversion of Cu2O to Cu2S. Cupric hydroxide was not converted to Cu2S on the time scale (24 h) of these experiments.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Methyl Sulfides with Aryl Bromides.

A nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl methyl sulfides with aryl bromides has been developed to access biaryls in yields of up to 86%. The reactions proceeded well using Ni(COD)2 as catalyst with the ligand BINAP (2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthalene) in the presence of magnesium. The method has a broad scope of substrates and is scalable. The wide availability of commercially available aryl bromides and the absence of preparation and preparation of organometallic reagents make the reaction of high application value.

Photocatalytic oxygenation of sulfide using solar light and ingenious GQDs@AQ catalyst: Mechanistic and synthetic investigations.

The combination of excellent electronic properties and thermal stability positions orange-derived graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as promising materials for solar light-based applications. Researchers are actively exploring their potential in fields such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Their abundance, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature further contribute to their growing relevance in cutting-edge scientific research. Furthermore, only GQDs are not much more effective in the UV-visible region, therefore, required band gap engineering in GQDs material. In this context, we designed GQDs-based light harvesting materials, which is active in UV-visible region. Herein we synthesized GQDs coupled with 2,6-diaminoanthrquninone (AQ), that is, GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst the first time for the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide under visible light. For the integrating reactions of sulfide in aerobic conditions under visible light by GQDs@AQ photocatalyst exhibit utmost higher photocatalytic activity than simple GQDs due to low molar extinction coefficient and slow recombination charges. The use of GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst, showed the excellent organic transformation efficiency of sulfide to sulfoxide with excellent yield (94%). The high efficiency and excellent yield of 94% indicate the effectiveness of GQDs@AQ as a photocatalyst for these specific organic transformations.

Multipath charge transfer in Cu-BTC@CuS@CeO2 double p-n heterojunction hollow octahedrons for enhanced photocatalytic amine oxidation

Hollow heterostructured catalysts have been widely investigated and applied in photocatalytic organic reactions. However, achieving hybrid catalysts with optimized hollow structure and controllable components is still a challenge. Herein, Cu-BTC@CuS@CeO2 ternary heterostructure hollow octahedrons were designed and prepared using a copper-based metal–organic framework (Cu-BTC) as both copper source and template. A thin CeO2 nanolayer was first formed and covered on the prepared Cu-BTC octahedron surface through a hydrothermal process. In the meanwhile, the Cu-BTC octahedrons were controllably etched in this hydrothermal process, leading to the formation of Cu-BTC@CeO2 hollow octahedron. The following sulfidation reaction produced Cu-BTC@CuS@CeO2 double p-n heterojunction hollow octahedrons. Benefiting from the novel hollow octahedron double p-n heterojunctions, excellent visible-near infrared light absorption, and fast charge transfer and separation, the obtained Cu-BTC@CuS@CeO2 hollow octahedron hybrid catalyst exhibited a significantly higher photocatalytic activity toward the oxidative coupling of amines to imines at room temperature under visible-near infrared light irradiation compared to the control single component catalysts (Cu-BTC, CeO2, and CuS) and binary hybrid catalysts (Cu-BTC@CeO2, Cu-BTC@CuS, and CuS@CeO2). The enhanced charge transfer at the double p-n heterojunction was discussed. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic oxidation products and reaction mechanism were investigated by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pyridine adsorption FT-IR spectroscopy. This work presents a promising strategy for the design of multi-component hollow heterostructure catalysts.

Integrating Metal Complex Units and Redox Sites into Thorium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Sulfides

AbstractA series of high‐symmetry Th6–metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed using various metal complex units and the thorium (Th) cluster, and then being applied as a well‐defined catalyst model in the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide reactions. The integration of Th6‐MOFs by incorporating metal complex units and redox sites (Th6 cluster and single‐metal site) can effectively modulate the conversion rate and selectivity. Among them, Ni–PBA–Th6 (PBA = 4‐pyridin‐4‐yl benzoic acid) achieves up to ≈99% conversion and ≈97% selectivity for methyl phenyl sulfone. Experiments and theoretical calculations further elucidate that Th6 cluster is the catalytic site for the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide to methyl phenyl sulfone, while Ni–PBA is the catalytic site for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. This work sheds new insight into the structural design and photocatalytic application of more efficient thorium‐based MOF catalysts.

Highly efficient hydrogen evolution of Ni3S2-MoS2@CoMoO4/NF from in situ reaction of metal-organic framework in alkaline media

BackgroundHydrogen energy, as the most promising renewable resource in the future, is severely limited in its development due to electrocatalysts, so the preparation of highly efficient and low-cost non-precious-metal catalysts is crucial for large-scale hydrogen production via electrolysis of water. MethodsHerein, Ni3S2−MoS2@CoMoO4/NF was successfully synthesized for the first time by in situ ion-exchange reaction and sulfidation reaction using Co-MOF/NF as a template. Significant FindingsThe electrochemical tests revealed that the overpotential was only 62.4 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which was similar to that of the noble metal Pt sheet electrode, the long-term durability of the catalysts was more than 24 h at a constant potential, which demonstrated that the catalysts possessed excellent HER performance in alkaline media. In addition, XPS, SEM, XRD, and Raman characterization also demonstrated the successful growth and loading of Ni3S2, MoS2, and CoMoO4. In this study, transition metal sulfides and transition metal sulfide complexes with good electrochemical properties were prepared using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors, providing a new idea for the preparation of HER catalysts with high activity in alkaline media.