Reaction Turbine Research Articles

Вплив осьового зазору на характеристики маловитратної реактивної тур-біни

This study is concerned with a stage of a radial low-flow reaction turbine, which is used in aircraft engines, propellant feed systems of rocket engines, turbocharging systems of internal combustion engines, etc. The goal of the study is to investigate the effect of the clearance between the impeller and the stationary housing of a radial-flow turbine on its power parameters. The paper shows the need to refine, supplement, and sort parametric data on the effect of the axial clearance between the free edge of a radial-flow turbine impeller blade and the stationary housing on the turbine power parameters. It is shown that clearances in the turbine setting play an important role in the working process and significantly affect the key performance characteristics. The correctness of the methodological approaches to the tests and experimental studies conducted is verified by the results of other authors. The studies were conducted in two stages. At the first stage, a turbine stage was tested as a part of a single model gas-dynamic circuit with a compressor stage and a combustion chamber. At the second stage, tests were carried out with two independent gas-dynamic ducts of the turbine and compressor, in which the working fluid was supplied to the units separately, with the possibility of flow rate control. The novelty of the study consists in obtaining new data on the effect of the axial clearance in small-sized radial low-flow turbines on the key power and performance parameters of the stage. In the study, generally accepted methods of experimentation and data processing were used. The obtained results allow one to relate the parameters of the expansion process in reaction gas turbines to the axial clearance value. The practical value of the results lies in the possibility of using the obtained experimental data in designing low-flow impeller machines for jet engines and in refining computational methods.

Derivation of Power Density Equation of Hydro Turbine: Mathematical Basis of Osmosis Energy to Rotate a Reaction Turbine

Derivation of Power Density Equation of Hydro Turbine: Mathematical Basis of Osmosis Energy to Rotate a Reaction Turbine

EKSPERIMEN TURBIN AIR VERY LOW HEAD DENGAN VARIASI JUMLAH SUDU DAN VARIASI DEBIT

The vortex turbine is a water turbine with a type of reaction turbine that can be used in waterways with very low head. The amount of output power produced by the generator in the MHP system will vary according to the input parameters used, one of which is water discharge. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the output power produced by the generator with different water discharge parameters using artificial waterways in the vortex turbine power plant prototype. In this research, it tries to conduct a research study to optimise the power and efficiency of the vortex turbine flow reaction turbine by varying the blade width and discharge variations on the upper curved cross-section blade type vortex flow reaction turbine at 5 and 8 blades. This study uses independent variables in the form of water discharge of 2.5 l/s, 2.6 l/s, 2.7 l/s, 2.8 l/s, 2.9 l/s, 3.0 l/s using turbine runner blade 5 diameter 100 mm, blade 8 diameter 100 mm, blade 5 diameter 130 mm and blade 8 diameter 130 mm. This research uses experimental research methods. The test results state that the greatest efficiency is produced in the turbine 8 blades of small diameter (100 mm) with a water capacity of 3.0 1/s which is 22.26% with a loading of 5.3 Ncm, at a turbine rotation of 164.89 rpm and produces shaft power of 0.915 W.

Design and Study of a Sediment Erosion Test Device for a Single-Flow Channel in the Guide Apparatus of a Reaction Hydraulic Turbine

Sediment erosion damage is one of the main causes of structural failure in reaction turbine units. To study the mechanism through which sediment erosion affects the water-guiding mechanism of a reaction turbine unit, this study obtained the average concentration and particle size of sediment during the flood season based on the statistics of the measured sediment data from the power station. Additionally, the characteristics of the solid–liquid two-phase flow of the diversion components of the reaction hydraulic turbine were numerically calculated. Based on the velocity triangle change in the guide apparatus and the flow similarity principle, a flow-around wear test device for the guide apparatus of the reaction turbine was designed. Furthermore, the similarity of the sand–water flow field between the guide apparatus of the prototype unit and the test device was compared and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the sand–water flow field of the diversion components of the prototype unit was axisymmetric and exhibited a potential flow distribution. Additionally, uniform sand–water flow occurred within the guide apparatus, with a small sand–water velocity gradient near the wall of the stay vanes (SV) and the guide vanes (GV). The maximum volume fraction of sediment particles was observed in the tailing area of the spiral casing, indicating an enrichment phenomenon of sediment particles. The velocity of the sediment particles on the surface of the guide vane in the single-channel sediment wear test device and prototype unit ranged from 6.2 to 7.8 m/s, and the velocity of the sediment particles on the surface of the stay vane ranged from 5.1 to 14.6 m/s, and the difference of the sediment particles’ velocity near the wall was 1 to 3 m/s. The trailing vorticity of the guide vane reached a maximum of 120 s−1. Consequently, the single-channel sediment erosion test device can unveil the sediment erosion mechanism of the guide apparatus of a reaction turbine.

Improved Operation and Method of a Reaction Turbine for Enhancing Net Head

In a reaction turbine, the amount of energy harnessed depends on discharge and net head. The two variables are mutually exclusive or in which one variable is dependent on another and in which the increase of head will decrease the flow required by the hydraulic turbine or vice versa. There is a need for improving the existing hydropower system and the method for enhancing the net head of a reaction turbine is essential. The present invention will hold the key in novelty during the design and excavation of tail race channel or for Renovation, Modernization and Uprating (RMU) of the existing old hydro power plants. The proper redesign of tail water channel, selecting suitable width, depth and by adopting flow regulating means will yield improve the net head substantially and thereby saving of discharge to an extent. The present invention enables to improve net head and saves discharge considerably, thereby enhancing the capacity factor of the hydro plant. The novelty and the innovation is granted an Indian patent for the method of enhancing the net head of a reaction turbines.

The design and testing of a high reaction turbine blade profile

In order to improve the efficiency of high pressure cylinder of 50∼350MW steam turbine and reduce the manufacturing cost, a steam turbine blade profiles are designed. The numerical simulation and test study of the new blade profile are carried out, and the performance of the new blade profile with variable inlet angle and mach number is discussed, and the performance of the new blade profile is improved when applied to stage environment. The results show that the performance of variable inlet angle and variable mach number of the new blade profile is better than that of the original profile. The aerodynamic efficiency of the new blade profile is obviously better than that of the original profile. The blade loss of the new design profile is lower than the original profile, and the aerodynamic efficiency of the new design profile is obviously better than the original profile. The stage test results show that the efficiency of the new design profile increases by about 0.5% compared with that of the original profile.

POTENSI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO DENGAN TURBIN KAPLAN PADA SUNGAI MAMBAL

The Kaplan turbine is a type of reaction turbine that utilizes potential energy to generate motion energy. The Kaplan turbine is very suitable for use in places where the head is low but requires a large discharge. Currently Kaplan turbines are still very little used in Indonesia, especially in Bali. So that it is difficult to obtain specification data relating to Kaplan turbines. Many prototypes are made on a laboratory scale to get maximum results. This study discusses the results of the output voltage, current, power, and efficiency that can be produced by a PLTMH prototype using a Kaplan turbine. This study also discusses the analytical study of the existing hydropower potential, namely, the water flow rate and the height of the water fall (head) of the Mambal River water flow. This prototype test uses a water flow rate of 6 L or 0.006 m^3/s with a guide vane angle of 30 º and a total of 5 runner blades. In the no-load test, the average turbine rotation before being coupled to the generator was 556 rpm, the average turbine rotation after being coupled was 353 rpm. The average result of the largest turbine rotation is 303 rpm, the largest generator rotation result is 499 rpm, the largest generator voltage average result is 5.60 volts, the largest average generator current result is 0.61 Ampere, the result the largest average generator powerKey Words : Prototype of PLTMH, Kaplan Turbine, Water Discharge, Output producedis 1.93 Watt, the largest torque is 0.14 Nm, the largest PLTMH efficiency is 5.1%.

Optimization Design and Simulation Approach of an Axial Inward Flow Reaction Turbine Incorporating with Organic Rankine Cycle

The demand for sustainable and efficient energy conversion systems has led to the exploration of various turbines design and working fluids. This study focuses on the design and simulation investigation of an axial inward flow reaction turbine utilizing organic fluids as the working medium. Organic fluids have gained attention due to their favourable themodynamic properties and low environmental impact. The selection process for the working fluid takes into consideration factors such as temperature limitations fluids availability and efficiency. The design process begins with a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles govering inward flow reaction turbines. Fluids flow path, blade profiles, the interaction between the fluid and these blades are carefully studied. Design parameters such as specific spedd, specific diameter and specific speed coefficient are determind to ensure optimal turbine performance

Aerodynamics of Tip Leakage Flows Near Partial Squealer Rims In an Axial Flow Turbine With and Without Wall Motion

The objective of present investigation is to study aerodynamics of tip leakage flows near partial squealer rims in an axial flow turbine cascade with and without end wall in motion. The reaction turbine blade used in the present investigations has a blade length of 400 mm and a geometric deflection of 82°. The blade chord is 102 mm with an aspect ratio of 3.9. The tip gap is maintained at 2% (2.04 mm) and the squealer rims were of 1.02 mm height. A total of seven cases were investigated with different squealer geometries including case without squealer rim. The coefficient of secondary loss coefficient (CSKE) is used as objective function. Minimum CSKE indicates minimum losses. From the investigations it is concluded that full suction side squealer rim is the optimum squealer geometry among all cases studied as CSKE was found to be minimum for this geometry. The optimum case was selected for wall motion studies. Three wall motions, namely; 75%,100% and 125% of the inlet meridional velocity were maintained and investigated. The CSKE is reduced with all three end wall motions except very close to the end wall. The exit flow angle is reduced near the end wall as compared to no wall motion.

Comparison of an impulse and a reaction turbine stage for an ORC power plant

Turbine stages can be divided into two types: impulse stages and reaction stages. The advantages of one type over the second one are generally known based on the basic physics of turbine stage. In this paper these differences between mentioned two types of turbines were indicated on the example of single stage turbines dedicated to work in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems. The turbines for two ORC cases were analysed: the plant generating up to 30 kW and up to 300 kW of net electric power, respectively. Mentioned ORC systems operate with different working fluids: DMC (dimethyl carbonate) for the 30 kW power plant and MM (hexamethyldisiloxane) for the 300 kW power plant. The turbines were compared according to three major issues: thermodynamic and aerodynamic performance, mechanical and manufacturing aspects. The analysis was performed by means of the 0D turbomachinery theory and 3D computational aerodynamic calculations. As a result of this analysis, the paper indicates conclusions which type of turbine is a recommended choice to use in ORC systems taking into account the features of these systems.

Design study of torque power output of Pelton turbine based on variable parameter bucket and angle deflection geometry

In recent years, the world's energy consumption has increased rapidly. The scarcity of energy supplies becomes a major concern for users. This increases the demand for renewable energy. Hydropower is one of the energy sources with the greatest potential to become the world's largest energy source. Pico-hydro power was introduced in this project because it is small and requires only a low head. As a result, it could be used in domestic applications and small-scale needs. However, there is some concern about the power output of the pico-hydro power as primary issue faces depending on the number of bucket and angle as instability of hydropower output. This paper mentions the reaction turbine to its characteristics and applications as a Pelton turbine is used a s the turbine for the pico-hydro power. The Pelton turbine is being studied for its parameters, which are the angle of deflection and the number of buckets. The interaction of these two parameters is critical for obtaining different combinations with its power output. The design of this Pelton turbine is based on a common residential pipe, and parameters that calculated based on the jet ratio between jet and turbine diameter. The effects of turbine geometry on water flow a re achieve the best perimeter which was 20 buckets with 160° angle deflection with 3.453 N.m and the peak torque continues to decrease as the deflection angle is increased further towards the lowest of 2.609 N.m a t°. The findings in the present paper will provide a crucial design parameter needed towards an optimised design of Pelton turbine for better output energy efficiency in the future.

System and method for enhancing a net head of a reaction turbine

System and method for enhancing a net head of a reaction turbine

Techno-Economic Evaluations: An Innovative of Hydraulic Reaction Turbine for Pico-Hydro Generation System

The primary goal of this paper is to evaluate an innovative Z-Blade turbine technology and its potential implications for production costs and manufacturing techniques. From literatures, conventional pico-hydro technologies with a capability of less than 5kW are getting more and more attention as good alternatives to environmentally friendly power generation, but there are more expensive and complex for small power generation and small domestic consumer level. Therefore, a Z-Blade reaction turbine technical and environmental processes as well as financial research are described in-depth. The methods for a Z-blade turbine design and implementation are described here, and also the material using for the Z-Blade turbine is a grey PVC pipe. Moreover, empirical description, designation, costing, and correlation are employed in the process of critically analysing the simple reaction water turbine novels. Also in this article, the manufacture of the Split Reaction Turbine (SRT) and Cross Pipe Turbine (CPT) was re-evaluated to take into consideration the technological and economic factors as well as the difficulties of both turbines. In the meantime, low-head, low-flow water resources used to examine additional features of Z-Blade. Theoretically, such a platform for hydro production is cost - effective and has a simplistic design methodology with a total cost of USD76 that equates to 7.6% of the overall installation cost and worthy of output up to 115W of mechanical energy.

Topography and size optimization of composite structure to control buckling temperature and thermal buckling mode shape

Topography and size optimization of composite structure to control buckling temperature and thermal buckling mode shape

Innovative small axial multistage turbine with partial admission for bottoming ORC

Innovative small axial multistage turbine with partial admission for bottoming ORC

Experimental Evaluation of Axial Reaction Turbine Stage Bucket Losses

The article describes the measurement methods and data evaluation from a single-stage axial turbine with high reaction (50%). Four operating modes of the turbine were selected, in which the wake traversing behind nozzle and bucket with five-hole pneumatic probes took place. The article further focuses on the evaluation of bucket losses for all four measured operating modes, including the analysis of measurement uncertainties.

Parametric analysis on a simple design water reaction turbine for low-head low-flow Pico-hydro generation system

This paper presents a parametric analysis of the outward flow reaction type turbine known as a Z-Blade turbine for low-head low-flow conditions. By applying the principles of mass conservation, momentum and energy, a nomogram was designed to investigate the theoretical performance characteristics. Based on the parametric analysis and the governing equations and experimental results, attempts have been made to prove that the mass flow rate, angular speed, centrifugal head, power output and efficiency respond dynamically to the water head, radius of the rotor, size of the PVC pipes and the nozzle exit area. A turbine with a 1” pipe diameter gives a higher performance compared to a 1/2” pipe diameter, and certainly the performances of both pipe sizes are improved when the supplied potential energy is increased. This innovative turbine has a maximum rotational speed at an optimum turbine diameter at 0.6m, accompanied by a point where there is a sudden reduction in the water flow rate, where previously the increment in the water flow rate was very high. This can shows from the outcome nomogram with 1” pipe diameter can perform 350 rpm speed with 1.48 L/sec water flow. The Z-Blade turbine has been examined and has shown good potential to be used for low-head (3m, 4m and 5m) and low-flow (less than 2.5 L/sec) conditions.

Design and Analysis of Steam Turbine Rotor Blade

Abstract: A steam turbine is a tool that extracts thermal electricity from pressurized steam and makes use of it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. The steam turbine offers the better thermodynamic performance with the aid of the usage of a couple of levels inside the growth of steam. The levels are characterized by using the manner of strength extraction from them is considered as impulse or reaction mills. On this work the parameters of steam turbine blade various and evaluation is carried out for electricity, existence and warmth switch fees. The varied parameters are the ratio of x-axis distance of blade profile with the aid of chord length and ratio of maximum peak of blade profile in y-path to the chord period. The three-D modeling is executed by way of using Catia software program. The Ansys software is used for static, thermal analysis, subsequently concluded the best design and material (haste alloy, chrome steel, inconel 600) for steam turbine blade, after steam turbine blade imported the stl record 1:2 ratio in to 3-d printing we carried out fast prototyping technique. Keywords: Steam Turbine, Thermal Energy, Impulse Turbine, Reaction Turbine, Static Analysis, Thermal Analysis

Computational and Experimental Study of the Effect of Solidity and Aspect Ratio of a Helical Turbine for Energy Generation in a Model Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant

Gravitational Water Vortex power plant is a relatively new plant used to generate hydropower from low head rivers and canals. There has been an increase in research in the field of runner design and canal design for GWVPPs throughout the world. As no definite equations are formulated in case of runners used in a GWVPP, they are currently produced by hit and trial method. This research focuses on studying about the use of a pure reaction turbine, Gorlov turbine, to generate power from a GWVPP. ANSYS Fluent was used to perform computational study while the experimental study was done using helical turbine blades fabricated using a 3-D printer. The energy generated is very low compared to the impulse turbines. Both the computational and experimental study shows that when increasing the aspect ratio of the turbine but keeping the solidity same, the efficiency is increased significantly. However, the studies also show that on increasing the solidity, the efficiency seems to decrease. All the turbines used submerged to 3 different depts and all the results show that increasing the submergence increased the efficiency.

Turbine Test Rig to Investigate Flow Instabilities in Draft Tube

Time-dependent phenomena in a reaction turbine such as rotor-stator interactions (RSI) and rotating vortex rope (RVR) contribute to pressure fluctuations, vibrations, and even failure of the machine. A small scale test rig is being developed to investigate RSI and RVR and to study RVR mitigation methods. The test rig is designed for a maximum available head and discharge of 8 meters and 0.05 m3/s, respectively. Provisions are made to operate the test rig in open and closed loops. The test rig is flexible to operate for the turbines of high specific speed (high head Kaplan turbine or very low head Francis) to low specific speed (high head Francis). The runner of the test rig is 200 mm in diameter at draft tube inlet. The turbine is connected with a variable speed generator to run up to 1000 rpm. This paper presents the design and arrangements of the test rig components according to the head and discharge conditions. Scale down design calculations for a model are performed using IEC 60193.