RBC Values Research Articles

Hepatotoxic Effects of Gaseous Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), and Their Mixture on Sea Bass (Centropristis striata): Hematological, Biochemical and Genotoxic Studies

This study meticulously explores the intricate hepatotoxic effects stemming from acute exposure to gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and their amalgamation on sea bass (Centropristis striata). Employing a comprehensive approach involving hematological, cytotoxic, and histochemical analyses, the research provides crucial insights into the potential adverse impacts of these pollutants on fish health. The examination specifically focuses on the effects of SO2+NO2 on hematological, histochemical, and serum biochemical parameters in Centropristis striata. Treatment groups, subjected to LC30, LC50, and LC90 acute exposure of gaseous SO2, NO2, and SO2+NO2, alongside a control group, underwent evaluation of parameters such as red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, serum creatinine, and blood urea. At the 96th hour, RBC values decreased, and WBC values increased in all experimental conditions compared to the control group (p>0.05). MCV and MCH increased with the concentration of gaseous pollutants and exposure time (p>0.05). Hematological parameter variations underscore disruptions in blood composition and immune responses. Simultaneously, alterations in serum biochemical parameters suggest potential impairments in liver and kidney functions, along with disturbances in lipid metabolism. Significant declines in albumin levels, indicating potential liver dysfunction or inflammation due to SO2 and NO2 exposures, were observed at all experimental conditions, while decreased globulin levels suggest immunosuppressive effects from combined pollutants. A substantial increase in the albumin/globulin ratio further signals an imbalance indicative of potential liver dysfunction or inflammation. Varied responses in liver enzyme levels (SGPT/ALT, SGOT/AST, ALP) underscore potential liver damage or injury (p< 0.05). These findings deepen our understanding of environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to ensure the health and sustainability of fish populations in polluted environments.

Clinico-Pathological Evaluation of Critically Ailing Dogs with Special Reference to Thrombocytopenia

Background: Thrombocytopenia is the decrease in the number of platelets in blood. In dogs, thrombocytopenia occurs due to a multitude of aetiologies such as haemoprotozoal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, non-infectious etiologies such as immune dysregulation, neoplasia and even due to miscellaneous conditions. Diagnosis of thrombocytopenia is done mostly by estimation of platelet count in automated haematology analysers and by evaluation of platelet count in blood smears. As clinical research focusing exclusively on canine thrombocytopenia is very limited in India, the present study was carried out to study the aetiology of canine thrombocytopenia and to obtain extensive information regarding qualitative and quantitative changes in platelets in various emergency conditions of dogs. Methods: 450 dogs were diagnosed with thrombocytopenia based on platelet count and a detailed investigation was carried out on the thrombocytopenic dogs to identify the aetiologic agents and to record the quantitative and qualitative changes in platelets. Result: Population incidence of thrombocytopenia in critically ill dog population was recorded as 34.09 per cent. Haemoparasitic infection, renal disorders, hyperthermia and sepsis were recorded as the major causes of thrombocytopenia. Haematobiochemical investigation revealed a significant reduction (p less than 0.01) of hemoglobin, RBC and PCV values and elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and phosphorus. A mortality of 10.67% (48/450) was recorded in the thrombocytopenic dogs.

Effect of Lactobacillus Probiotic Supplement on Growth and Haematological Performance of Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita

The influence of probiotics bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus improves the survival, growth, and Hematological performance of the Indian major carp Rohu (Labeo rohita). After acclimation, a 60-day experimental study was conducted with four different types of treatments; namely, T1: Control, i.e. Basal feed without Probiotic supplements, T2: Basal feed with Aeromonas hydrophila, T3: Lactobacillus supplemented probiotic feed without Aeromonas hydrophila, and T4: Lactobacillus supplemented probiotic feed with A. hydrophila. After the experimental study, growth parameters were monitored through Weight gain, Specific growth rates, survival percentage, and haematological parameters including WBC, RBC, haemoglobin (Hb), and haematocrit (Hct) values of probiotics treated group (T3 and T4) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control and T2 group. The Present study indicated that the positive effects of the L. acidophilus probiotic supplement diet improved the survival, growth, and Haematological performance in aquaculture.

Evaluation of Some Hematological Parameters for Patients Infected with Entamoeba Histolytica in Najaf Governorate

General background: Amoebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation. It can lead to various complications, including changes in blood parameters. Specific background: Identifying changes in blood indicators during amoebic infections can aid early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Knowledge gap: There is limited research exploring gender-based differences in blood parameters of patients with amoebiasis. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. histolytica infection on specific blood parameters in male and female patients and to assess gender-based variations in these parameters. Results: A total of 45 patients (20 males, 25 females) diagnosed with amoebiasis were included, with samples collected between May 2023 and January 2024. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between male and female patients in RBC, HB, HCT, and MCH, while no significant differences were noted for MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, WBC, or LYM. Male patients showed higher mean values of RBC (5.01 ± 0.65) and HB (14.6 ± 1.61) compared to females (RBC: 4.5 ± 0.54; HB: 12.28 ± 1.24). Novelty: This study highlights gender-specific alterations in blood parameters during amoebiasis, providing new insights into how gender affects physiological responses to E. histolytica infection. Implications: Regular monitoring of blood parameters, particularly RBC and HB, in patients with amoebiasis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. The findings also underscore the importance of gender considerations in clinical management and suggest the need for larger studies to confirm these results and explore their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Highlights: Gender impacts blood parameters in amoebiasis patients. Males show higher RBC and HB than females. Regular monitoring aids early E. histolytica diagnosis. Keywords: Amoebic dysentery, Entamoeba histolytica, blood parameters, gender differences, early diagnosis

Effectiveness of laboratory tests in tracking severely COVID-19 infections

AIM: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), and poses serious difficulties in terms of healthcare systems and global public health. With the large number of publications on COVID-19, clinicians need a synthesis of evidence to provide guidance when dealing with patients with COVID-19. Emerging studies reveal the existence of numerous demographic, clinical, immunological, biochemical and radiographic data that may be useful for clinicians to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19. The aim is of this study; To determine laboratory parameters that can predict the course and severity of COVID-19 disease in patients with diagnosed solely SARS-CoV 2 PCR test positivity results and independently of the clinic status of selected patients and based on laboratory findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Karacabey State Hospital between January and April 2022. Among the patients who applied to the COVID-19 outpatient clinic, 469 patients (261 females, 208 males) over the age of 18 and positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were included in the study. The patients were divided into groups as outpatients, inpatients and patients in need of intensive care (intensive care unit, ICU). Demographic data (age, gender), COVID-19 RT-PCR results, and simultaneous laboratory parameters of the patients were scanned retrospectively. RESULTS: When CRP, urea, ferritin, LEU, NEU, MONO, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, NLR, PLR, CRP-NR, and SII index values were taken into consideration, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Creatinine, ALT, AST, LDH, troponin I, mass CK-MB, D dimer, LYM, EOS, PLT, ELR, and PNR values were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Advantages of this study; Comparing the changes in the patient's other laboratory findings based on a single positive PCR test result and finding meaningful rates in terms of serious covid risk. The disadvantage of this study is that it is a study independent of the patient's clinic and disease stage. CRP, urea, ferritin, and indexes such as NLR, PLR, CRP-NR, and SII index values can be used to predict the severity of the disease.

IMPACT OF SELECTED PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS ON HAEMATOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKS

The effect of some leaf extracts (Cortus afer, Jatropha curcas and Psidium guajava) delivered in drinking water on the haematology of broiler chickens was assessed using 120 broiler chicks randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups consisting of 30 birds per treatment, subdivided into 10 birds per replicate in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment. The treatments were T1 or control (water + proprietary organic tonic), T2 (water + Costus afer leaf extract), T3 (water + Jatropha curcas leaf extract) and T4 (water + Psidium guajava leaf extract). On the last day of the 5-week study, blood samples from the birds were analysed for PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC, MCHC, MCH and MCV. Results revealed that PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC, MCHC, MCH and MCV values ranged from 28.20–32.84%, 10.34–12.62g/dL, 2.62–3.76 (x106/mm3), 20.09–25.46(x103/mm3), 102.59–122.70fl, 31.86–34.62% and 40.06–44.04pg, respectively. There were significant (p<0.05) differences for all indices measured. The values were normal for all the groups. It can be recommended that poultry farmers use Jatropha curcas leaf extract in drinking water (T3) for broiler birds to improve their haematological markers.

Neuroprotective and Haematological Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide in Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from a Rat Model Study

This study evaluated the effects of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on neurological and haematological abnormalities in albino rats induced with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Three groups of five rats each were used: Group 1 received HCT treatment (25 mg/kgbw) for 14 days post-TBI, Group 2 was TBI-induced but not treated, and Group 3 served as the non-traumatic non-treatment control. Neurological score, blood parameters (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, HB, PCV, WBC, RBC, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, plasma glucose levels), serum electrolytes, and brain histology were assessed. HCT treatment significantly improved neurological scores and adaptability compared to the untreated TBI group. Plasma glucose levels in the treated group were lower in the first three hours post-induction but showed no difference from the untreated group on days two through five. The untreated TBI rats had significantly reduced RBC, HB, and PCV values, while the HCT-treated rats had higher values. The untreated group also showed higher counts of WBC, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, which were lower in the treated group. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio increased in the untreated group but decreased in the treated group. Electrolyte imbalances in the untreated group were corrected in the HCT-treated group. Histological analysis revealed more severe brain lesions in the untreated TBI group than in the treated group. In conclusion, HCT therapy reduces the inflammatory response induced by TBI and improves neurological function in albino rats.

Study on Biofloc Characteristics, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Physiological Responses in Polyculture Model Penaeus vannamei and GIF Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Culture System-BFT Aquaculture System

Background: The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency of biofloc on the floc characteristics, digestive enzyme activity, immunological responses and haemato-biochemical parameters for the production of Penaeus vannamei and Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia in a polyculture model. Methods: Four lined pond were used following completely randomized design using biofloc and clear water culture systems. Each lined pond (12 m × 10 m × 1.5 m) was stocked with 60 shrimp/m3 of P. vannamei (1.06±0.08 g) and 5 no’s/m3 of GIF tilapia (0.42±0.01 g) and reared for 90 days. Biofloc was developed and maintained using soya pellet powder as carbon source and vigorous aeration was provided to keep floc in suspension. Result: The study found significantly higher TS (1167.50±78.50 mg/L), TSS (434.05±62.90 mg/L) and TDS (733.45±108.22 mg/L) were recorded in lined pond based biofloc system. Significantly higher digestive enzymes of protease (7.98±0.36 and 3.62±0.16 U/ mg protein/min), lipase (3.43±0.20 and 8.65±0.20 U/ mg protein/min) and amylase (1.35±0.10 and 3.25±0.17 U/mg protein/min) were recorded in P. vannamei and GIF tilapia in lined pond based biofloc culture system, respectively. The study found significantly improved immunological responses of prophenol oxidase activity (71.25±1.28 µmol.min-1.ml-1), total haemocyte count (4.75±0.12 × 106 cells/ml) and catalase activity (3.56±0.03 Units/ml) in biofloc cultured P. vannamei. Higher values of RBC (1.95±0.05 million/cu mm), WBC (49.65±1.56 1000/cu mm), hemoglobin (9.21±0.15 g/dl), hematocrit (33.42±0.89%), albumin (1.18±0.04 g/dl), globulin (4.39±0.16 g/dl), total protein (5.58±0.14 g/dl) and total cholesterol (9.32±0.41 g/dl) were recorded in GIF tilapia reared in biofloc culture system. Therefore, the study suggests that polyculture model of P. vannamei and GIF tilapia in biofloc culture system improves the physiological performance and production augmentation.

Evaluation of Complete Blood Cell Count Parameters and Their Role in Inflammation in Patients with Methamphetamine and Synthetic Cannabis Use Disorder.

The aim of this study was to compare the complete blood cell count parameters of patients with methamphetamine and synthetic cannabis use disorder (MCUD), a condition that has recently exhibited a gradual increase in prevalence, with those of healthy subjects. In total, 76 patients diagnosed with MCUD and 78 healthy controls were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants at presentation for laboratory examination. The rate of mono- and poly-substance users in the patient group was 14.5% and 85.5%, respectively. The average duration of methamphetamine (METH) use in the patient group is 3.0 ± 1.9 years. White blood cell (P < .001), PLT (P = .005), monocyte count (P < .001), basophil count (P < .001), neutrophil count (P < .001), lymphocyte count (P < .001) basophil/lymphocyte ratio (BLR) (P = .04), SII (P = .006), and SIRI (P = .001) values were significantly higher. In contrast Hgb (P = .043), Hct (P = .002), monocyte percentage (P = .004), and RBC (P = .021) values were significantly lower in the MCUD group compared to the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (r = .552 P < .001) and between systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (r = 0.580 P < .001). Methamphetamine and cannabis may affect the levels of inflammatory markers and SII and SIRI values through various mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the relevant literature, which investigated SII and SIRI values in patients with MCUD, therefore, the results can contribute to the future development of immune system-related markers in this field.

Effect of Breed on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Apparently Healthy Dogs Infected with Zoonotic Pathogens Endemic to the Mediterranean Basin.

Dogs are considered the main reservoir of several zoonoses endemic to the Mediterranean Basin. In this study, a prevalence of infections and coinfections of canine vector-borne diseases was analyzed in apparently healthy dogs of different canine pure breeds in Sicily (Italy), where these diseases are endemic. The seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum, Ricketsia ricketsii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Erlichia canis was assessed, as single and coinfections. Biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated, and epidemiological factors, including sex, age, and canine breed, were recovered. The most frequent infection was L. infantum (45.61%), following R. ricketsii (36.84%), both as single, double, or triple coinfections. Coinfections change the biochemical and hematological parameters of the host, and canine breeds are related to the infection frequency and the parameters observed during infections. Changes in the complete blood count (CBC) and biochemical values also differ between canine breeds, with the Cirneco dell'Etna dogs infected with L. infantum being the animals presenting the most interesting results in our study. High values of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, and albumin and low levels of β-2 globulin and γ-globulin were found only in this canine breed, suggesting some resistance to infection in these dogs. Future studies about the immune response of this canine breed could be interesting to determine their possible resistance to zoonotic pathogens, such as L. infantum.

Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Response to Natural Coccidian Infection in Barbari and Jamunapari Goat Breeds in Semi-arid Tropics

Background: Small ruminants like goats are considered the most resourceful and efficient animal all over the world. Eimeria species causes disease in goats associated with poor growth, diarrhoea and decrease in production, high morbidity and mortalities. The present study was conducted to analyse the haematological and biochemical parameters in response to natural coccidian infection in Barbari and Jamunapari goat breeds in semi-arid tropics. Methods: A total of 474 goats were examined; 96 goats were selected (48 Barbari and 48 Jamunapari) and divided on the basis of high (12 males and 12 females) and low (12 males and 12 females) oocyst per gram (OPG) counts of both Barbari and Jamunapari goats. The blood was aseptically collected from the jugular vein, using a 22-gauge needle for each animal separately in 5 ml blood for the haematological and biochemical estimations. Result: In haematological parameters of Barbari goats there were no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences in males and females. Although significantly higher values of RBC were observed in low OPG females, similar results were also observed in Hct, Mcv, Hb, MCH and MCHC. Whereas, in WBC, Lymphocyte, Monocyte and Granulocyte statistically had no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences among all the groups. In haematological parameters of Jamunapari goats no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences was seen in males and females of both the groups. The same group of Barbari goats were also selected for biochemical parameters and high OPG females had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher blood glucose values. The blood potassium concentration was found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in low OPG males compared to high OPG males. The same group of Jamunapari goats were selected for biochemical parameters and ALT, total protein and globulin had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher values in high OPG females than others. A/G ratio had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher value observed in high OPG males.

Evaluation of Anemia Effect on HbA1c Level Measurement in Type 2 Diabetic People

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Objective: For many years HbA1c used as diagnostic criteria for diabetes, however, measurement of HbA1 has some limitations that cannot be accurately assess blood glucose levels in conditions such as changes in red blood cell life. in this study, we evaluated and compared the levels of HbA1C in diabetic, pre-diabetic and non- diabetic individuals to understand the role and relationship of different values of RBC`s indices in these conditions.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This study performed between august to December of year 2021, and the demographic information and hematologic indices of 706 individuals which referred to laboratories in Gorgan city were investigated. According to results of FBS and HbA1c, individuals categorized in three distinct healthy (H), pre-diabetic (PD), and diabetic (D) groups base on latest ADA criteria.&#x0D; Results: Evaluation of HbA1c level based on the presence or absence of anemia showed that in diabetic group with anemia significantly had a lower level 8.4 (± 1.5) than people without anemia 8.6 (± 1.5) (P= 0.045). Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that changes in RBC indices in anemia can lead to inaccurate measurement of HbA1c level.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Protective Effect of Royal Jelly on Some Hematologic Parameters Against Sodium Arsenite Toxicity: A Study in Rats

This study examined the effect of royal jelly on some hematological values against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced toxicity in rats. Royal jelly is a known functional bee product; therefore, its potential to protect against these effects is of great importance. In this study, the effects of royal jelly on hematologic changes were investigated. In the study, 35 healthy Wistar albino male rats weighing 250–300 g and 12–13 weeks old were used. Rats were divided into different groups by gavage daily for 14 days. WBC, LYM, MID, GRA, RBC, HGB, MCHC, MCH, MCV, HCT, PLT, MPV, and PDW values were measured in blood samples. When the measured values were analyzed, the MID, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, and PDV values did not show statistical significance in all experimental groups (P&gt;0.005). However, significant decreases in %LYM, %MID, HCT, and PLT values and increases in WBC, GRA, and %GRA counts were observed in all groups (P &lt; 0.005). This review shows that royal jelly has a potential effect on the hematological and immune systems against toxicity caused by harmful heavy metals such as arsenic. In particular, further research is required to identify the most effective dosage of royal jelly. The results highlight the protective potential of royal jelly against toxicity, which requires further investigation.

Povišena srednja zapremina eritrocita u anemiji srpastih ćelija - jedna priča, previše?

Abstract: Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by defective hemoglobin. Red cell indices are proposed as potential tools for diagnosing and managing sickle cell disorders. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assess the utility of red cell indices as screening tools for sickle cell anemia. One hundred consenting adults of both sexes participated. Haematological parameters, including packed cell volume, hemoglobin values, hemoglobin electrphoretic patterns, and red blood cell count, were examined. Mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were calculated. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism Software Version 9, with statistical significance set at p &lt; 0.05 (95% confidence interval). Results: Haemoglobin values were significantly lower in Hb SS subjects (5.68 ± 1.7g/dl) compared to Hb AA (11.30 ± 1.5 g/dl) and Hb AS groups (11.03 ± 1.4 g/dl) (F = 32.279; p &lt; 0.00001). The pattern was consistent with PCV and RBC values. Among the red blood cell indices assessed, only MCV showed a significant elevation (95.7 ± 2.4 fl) in the HbSS group compared to other groups (F = 4.165; p = 0.0183). No statistically significant difference was observed in MCHC and MCH values between the three groups (F = 0.5373, p &gt; 0.586 for MCHC; F = 0.607, p &gt; 0.546 for MCH). The prevalence of haemoglobin variants was as follows: HbAA (77%), HbAS (19%), and HbSS (4%). Conclusion: This study highlights significant reductions in haemoglobin values in Hb SS subjects and a notable elevation in MCV values in the Hb SS blood group. Elevated MCV in sickle cell anemia, where red cells are typically microcytic, warrants further investigation for differential diagnosis.

The Effect of 8 Weeks Preparatory Training Program on Body Composition and Blood Parameters in Elite Wrestlers

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an 8-week training program applied during the preparatory period of elite-level wrestlers on blood parameters and body composition. This study involved the voluntary participation of 10 Greco-Roman wrestlers competing at the national team level and achieving rankings in international tournaments. The participants had an average age of 22.00 ± 3.2 years, an average height of 172.00 ± 8.4 cm, and an average weight of 80.50 ± 11.9 kg. These wrestlers had approximately 12 years of wrestling experience. An 8-week preparatory training program, prepared by experts and coaches, was implemented for participant wrestlers. This training program was applied at the national team level and in the adult category. It was carried out following a 20-day active rest period during the offseason. The following tests and measurements were conducted at the beginning and end of the training program. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 10.0. The mean values and standard deviations of the measured parameters for all participants were calculated. The paired-sample t-test was applied to identify differences between pre and post 8-week preparatory training program. When the participants' blood lipid values were examined, no significant difference was observed in HGB and HCT values between the pre-test and post-test, while RBC and WBC values showed a statistically significant increase (p0.05). When the participants' body composition values were examined, a significant decrease was observed in body fat percentage (BFP) and body fat mass (BFM), while there was a significant increase in lean body mass (LBM) (p0.05). In conclusion, it has been determined that the 8-week preparatory training program has positive effects on weight, body fat percentage, lean body mass, MaxVo2, strength, and immune health.Keywords: Body Composition, Hematological Parameters, Training Program

Modulatory role ulexit against thiamethoxam-induced hematotoxicity/hepatotoxicity oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in Oncorhynchusmykiss

Contamination of the aquatic environment with different insecticides is a major concern in the aquatic ecosystem today. For this reason, in the designed study, Thiamethoxam (TMX) for which there is limited information on its negative effects on Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated, its effects on hematotoxicity, oxidative status, cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptotic status indicators in blood/liver tissue. However, the antitoxic potential of ulexite (UX) supplementation in the elimination of TMX-mediated toxicity has been determined. LC50-96h value determined for TMX 0.73 mg/L has been determined. As a result of hematology profile, TMX application, RBC, Hgb and Hct values showed a temporal decrease compared to the control group, while increases were determined in MCV, MCH and MCHC values. It was determined that the inhibition/induction of hematological parameters was slowed down by adding UX to the medium. During the trial (48th and 96th hours), it was noted that TMX induced cortisol level, while UX supplementation slowed this induction at 48th hour. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by TMX application, and MDA and MPO values increased as a result of the stimulation of ROS. It was determined that UX added to the medium showed activity in favor of antioxidants and tried to inhibit MDA and MPO levels. When Nrf-2, one of the inflammation parameters, was compared with the administration and control groups, it was determined that it inhibited depending on time, TNF-α, IL-6, DNA damage and apoptosis were induced, and UX suppressed this situation. The results obtained were evaluated as statistically meaningful.Briefly, it was determined that TMX induced oxidative damage in all tissues at 48th - 96th hours, whereas UX mitigated this situation. The results provide possible in vivo evidence that UX supplements can reduce TMX-mediated oxidative stress and tissues damage in O. mykiss blood and liver tissues.

Assessment of α9β1 ıntegrın as a new dıagnostıc and therapeutıc target ın Behcet's dısease.

This study aimed to investigate the roles of α9β1 integrin and its ligands in Behçet's disease (BD) by examining serum levels and gene expressions. 15 healthy controls and 30 BD patients (14 active and 16 inactive) were included in the study. Serum levels of ITGA9, ITGB1, TNC, OPN, VCAM-1, VEGF, TSP1, TGM2, Emilin-1, and vWF, were measured by ELISA. Gene expressions of α9β1 (ITGA9 and ITGB1) and its ligands (TNC and SPP1) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Laboratory findings (CRP, ESR, HGB, WBC, RBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, PLT, RDW, MPV, PCT, and HLA-B51) were obtained from the electronic database. Active BD patients had higher serum levels of α9β1 integrin and its ligands than inactive patients and healthy controls. No significant difference was observed between healthy controls and inactive patients. Gene expressions of ITGB1 and SPP1 were increased in both patient groups compared to healthy controls. ITGA9 and TNC gene expression levels were lower in the active group than in the inactive group. No noticeable differences were found in ITGB1 and SPP1 gene expressions between the patient groups. BD patients exhibited elevated CRP, ESR, WBC, neutrophil, PLT, and PCT levels, while HGB, RBC, and RDW values were lower than healthy controls. Active patients had higher CRP, ESR, WBC, neutrophil, and PLT levels. Significant positive correlations were found between CRP, ESR, WBC, neutrophil, PLT, PCT and serum levels of α9β1 integrin and its ligands. Increased release of α9β1 integrin and its ligands is associated with BD, suggesting their potential as markers for disease severity.

Anti-anaemic and Anti-leukopenic Effects of Hydromethanolic Extracts of Tiger Nut and Ginger on Alloxan- induced Diabetic Rats

Aims: This study investigated the anti-anaemic and anti- leukopenic effects of hydromethanolic (1:4) extracts of Cyperus esculentus (Tiger nut) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on the alloxan- induced diabetic albino rats.&#x0D; Place: The in vivo study took place in the Department of Biochemistry, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia state.&#x0D; Methods: Fresh Cyperus esculentus and Zingiber officinale was air dried at room temperature, grounded into fine powder and extracted with hydromethanol in ratio of 20:80 using Soxhlet extraction method. The albino rats (total number of 36) were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each: Group 1 (Normal control); Group 2 (Diabetic); Group 3 (Glibenclamide); Group 4 (500mg/dl Cyperus esculentus); Group 5 (500mg/dl Zingiber officinale) and Group 6 (250mg/dl Cyperus esculentus + 250 mg/dl Zingiber officinale, 50:50) were administered orally. Group 2 to 6 were administered with 160mg/kg alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally to induce a diabetic state. The haematological parameters determined were PCV, HB, RBC, TWBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC.&#x0D; Results: The diabetic group treated with the Glibenclamide and 500 mg/kg Zingiber officinale extract had significant recovery (compared with the normal control) from the diabetic- induced depletion of Hb, PCV and RBC than the diabetic group treated with 250 mg/kg Cyperus esculentus + 250 mg/kg Zingiber officinale extracts. 500 mg/kg Cyperus esculentus extract showed the least recovery from diabetic induced anaemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: Ginger extract showed value in the recovery from anaemia and leucopenia associated with diabetes having significantly improved the values of RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and TWBC in the diabetic rats more than the effects of Tigernut and combined (ginger and tigernut) extracts. Ginger extract treatment might also increase the defense mechanism of the body against infections in diabetes.

Transitioning from having no metabolic abnormality nor obesity to metabolic impairment in a cohort of apparently healthy adults

IntroductionThe global prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with increased morbidity and mortality has been rigorously studied. However, the true prevalence of “metabolic health”, i.e. individuals without any metabolic abnormalities is not clear. Here, we sought to determine the prevalence of “metabolically healthy” individuals and characterize the “transition phase” from metabolic health to development of dysfunction over a follow-up period of 5 years.MethodsWe included 20,507 individuals from the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Inflammation Survey (TAMCIS) which comprises apparently healthy individuals attending their annual health survey. A second follow-up visit was documented after 4.8 (± 0.6) years. We defined a group of metabolically healthy participants without metabolic abnormalities nor obesity and compared their characteristics and change in biomarkers over time to participants who developed metabolic impairment on their follow-up visit. The intersections of all metabolic syndrome components and elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were also analyzed.ResultsA quarter of the cohort (5379 individuals, (26.2%) did not fulfill any metabolic syndrome criteria during their baseline visit. A total of 985 individuals (12.7% of returning participants) developed metabolic criteria over time with hypertension being the most prevalent component to develop among these participants. Individuals that became metabolically impaired over time demonstrated increased overlap between metabolic syndrome criteria and elevated hs-CRP levels. The group that became metabolically impaired over time also presented higher delta values of WBC, RBC, liver biomarkers, and uric acid compared with participants who were consistently metabolically impaired. LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) delta levels were similar.ConclusionsRoughly one-quarter of apparently healthy adults are defined as “metabolically healthy” according to current definitions. The transition from health to metabolic dysfunction is accompanied with active inflammation and several non-metabolic syndrome biomarkers. Aggressive screening for these biomarkers, blood pressure and hs-CRP might help identify apparently healthy individuals at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome over time.

Haematological Changes Following Intramuscular and Per- Rectal Diclofenac Sodium Administration in Dogs undergoing Orchiectomy

A total of 30 Nigerian indigenous male dogs aged 1-2 years (1.65±0.47) and 11-15kg (13.4±1.27) body weight were used for the study. They were randomly allocated into 6 groups of 5 dogs each. Groups A1, B1 and C1 for intramuscular at 2mg/kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and Groups A2, B2 and C2 for per-rectal at 2mg//kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg. Haematological values of Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and Differential leucocyte counts (DLC) of Lymphocyte (LYM), Neutrophils (NEU), Monocyte (MON) and Eosinophils (EOS) were determined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago. Illinois). General Linear Model (GLM) using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA), to compare the mean of different groups at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance was used. The PCV, Hb and Rbc values of the dogs castrated were within normal range when compared with specie corresponding values. The PCV value was lowest 38.6±1.9 at 2nd hour 2mg/kg for per rectum and highest of 44.1±1.9 at the 9th hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose. The Hb value was lowest at 12.9±0.5 at 1st hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose and the highest of 15.3±0.8 at 0 hour for intramuscular at 2mg/kg. The Rbc value was lowest at 4.0±1.5 at 4th hour, 2mg/kg for per rectum and the highest of 6.6±0.3 at 7th hour, 2mg/kg. The Total leucocyte count (TLC) values of WBC and DLC also recorded significant differences. There was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between routes but values remain within normal range of values. This finding shows that the use of Diclofenac as a short term analgesic caused no significant changes on the haematocrit values of dogs when used after castration. This finding has also indicated that short-term use of diclofenac through the per rectum route may be safe and had no deleterious effect on haematological value of Nigerian indigenous male dogs