Rats Of Various Groups Research Articles

Cytoprotective Effects of Phloretin on Long-Term Post-Prandial Hyperglycemia-induced Esophageal Damage in Rats .

Esophageal damage arises from gastroesophageal reflux disease, where the contents of the stomach and duodenum flow back into the esophagus, causing an inflammatory lesion. Phloretin, a phytoconstituent classified as a flavonoid possessing both nutritional and medicinal properties, was the focus of this study. The experiment aimed to investigate the impact of phloretin on experimental esophagitis in albino rats. Rats in various groups underwent the induction of esophagitis through the administration of a Fructose solution (10%) and indomethacin (5mg/Kg). The resulting hyperglycemia from regular Fructose solution intake over 28 days was assessed. After sacrifice, the rats were evaluated for the esophagitis index. Additionally, esophageal tissues underwent further analysis for oxidative stress parameters, including TBARS, SOD, Catalase and GSH. Treatment with phloretin demonstrated a significant inhibition of the esophagitis index. Furthermore, phloretin contributed to the restoration of altered levels of oxidative stress parameters back to normal.

Assessment of Vino Gano Ginger and Herb Liqueur on the Biochemical Parameters of the Wistar Rats

Biochemical parameters are biomarkers used in evaluating the functionality of some bodily organs such as liver, kidneys and the heart. This study aimed at assessing the effects of Vino Gano Ginger And Herbal Liqueur on the Biochemical Parameters of the male Wistar rats. A total of 25 adult male Wistar rats weighing between 115.3 -248.6 g were used for experiment. They were divided into four groups [4 in each group] based on the body weight and different dosage of Vino Gano Ginger and Herb Liqueur were administered to the rats of various groups. Nine [9] out the 24 was used to determine the Sub- acute test to basses toxicity and mortality using Lorke (1983) method.
 The animals were separated into four [4] groups; control and three treatment groups that received [5 ml/kg, 10 ml/kg and 15 ml/kg] of Vino Gano Ginger and Herb Liquor orally for 4 weeks. The experimental animals were weighed weekly and at the end of the 4th week, they were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for Biochemical Analysis. Results showed significant elevation in mean AST, ALT, ALP, Urea, Creatinine, Total Cholesterol and LDH of the Wistars treated with [5 ml/kg, 10 ml/kg and 15 ml/kg] of the Vino Gano Ginger and Herb Liqueur (p<0.05). A significant Total Protein reduction was recognized of the Wistar rats treated with Vino Gano Ginger and Herb Liqueur. There was slight increase in Albumin in the treatment group 1 [5 ml/kg] but reduction was recorded in treatment groups II and III [10 ml/kg and 15ml/kg]. In conclusion, continues intake of Vino Gano Ginger and Herb Liqueur will pose reno-toxic effect, Myocardial infarction, Cholestasis, Sarcopenia, leukemia and other life treating conditions.

Intracavernous Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Enhances Erectile Function and Decreases the Mortality Rate in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an agonizing complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and it is challenging to treat ED in DM patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a unique therapeutic strategy comprising intrinsic growth factors. An attempt was made to explore the potentiality of the PRP treatment in DM-induced ED rats in various groups (control, DM-non-ED, DM-ED, and DM-ED treated with PRP). Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce DM in rats. The blood glucose levels of the DM rats were maintained at >300 mg/dl. In the 18-week experiment, survival rate, body weight, intracavernous pressure (ICP) variations, and arterial blood pressure were analyzed. The tissue restoration results were validated by histological, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopic analysis. PRP treatment of DM-ED rats significantly increased all parameters of erectile function compared to pre-treatment of PRP and DM-ED treated with vehicle. The histological results revealed that PRP treatment substantially enhanced the regeneration of myelinated nerves and decreased the atrophy of corporal smooth muscle. Notably, the PRP treatment immensely enhanced the survival rate in post-surgery DM-ED rats. These results indicated certain benefits of PRP treatment in delaying damage and preventing post-surgery complications in DM patients. Hence, PRP treatment is a novel multifactorial strategy for DM-ED patients.

Nox2 and Nox4 Participate in ROS-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Brain Injury During Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats.

Previously studies have shown that Nox2 and Nox4, as members of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, Nox), participate in brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of specific chemical inhibitors of Nox2 and Nox4 on cerebral I/R-induced brain injury in rats. At 0.5h before MCAO surgery, the rats were pretreated with vehicle, Nox2 inhibitor (gp91ds-tat), and Nox4 inhibitor (GKT137831), respectively. After reperfusion for 24h, the infarct sizes of brain tissues in rats in various groups are determined. The penumbra (ischemic) tissues are collected to measure ROS levels, neuronal apoptosis, and degeneration, as well as the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in brain tissues of rats. gp91ds-tat and GKT137831 pretreatment significantly reduced the infarct sizes in brain tissues of rats, effectively suppressed I/R-induced increase in ROS levels, neuronal apoptosis and degeneration, and obviously alleviated BBB damage. Under cerebral I/R conditions, Nox2 inhibitor (gp91ds-tat) and Nox4 inhibitor (GKT137831) can effectively play a protective role in the brain tissues of rats.

Examination of the cellular mechanisms of leukocyte elevation by 10.6\xa0\u03bcm and 650\xa0nm laser acupuncture-moxibustion

To investigate the cell cycle and cellular mechanisms of leukocyte elevation by laser acupuncture in rats with cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced leukopenia. Sixty-six rats were randomized into six groups: normal, model control group, sham treatment group, 10.6 μm laser treatment group, 650 nm laser treatment group, and 10.6 μm–650 nm compound laser treatment group. Eleven rats were used in the normal group and 55 were models that were injected with cyclophosphamide to induce leukopenia. For the three laser treatment groups, 10.6-μm and 650-nm lasers, and 10.6-μm–650-nm compound lasers were used to irradiate the DU14 (Dazhui) and bilateral ST36 (Zusanli) for 5 min each. The sham laser group received the same operation as the laser group but without irradiation. The normal group and model group were not treated. Differences in the number of nucleated cells in the femoral bone marrow, and cell cycle and cellular apoptosis of peripheral leukocytes in rats in various groups were compared. Compared with the model group and the sham laser group, the number of nucleated cells in the femoral bone marrow in the 10.6-μm laser, 650-nm laser, and 10.6-μm–650-nm compound laser group was significantly increased after treatment (P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.034, respectively) and did not show any significant difference with the normal group (P = 0.964, P = 0.838, P = 0.287, respectively). The number of cells in G2 phase in the 10.6 μm laser group was similar to that of the normal group (P = 0.973). The number of cells in G2 phase in the model, sham, 650-nm laser group, and 10.6-μm–650-nm compound laser group were significantly lower than in the normal group and 10.6-μm laser group (P = 0.016, P = 0.023, P = 0.044, P = 0.039, respectively). In the model group and the sham treatment group, the apoptosis rates of peripheral leukocytes were increased compared with the normal group (P = 0.001), while the proportion of cells in the G2 phase was significantly lower than in the normal group (P = 0.016), and the proportion of cells in S phase was higher than in the normal group (P = 0.014). The incidence of apoptosis in peripheral blood cells in the three laser treatment groups did not show any statistically significant difference when compared with the normal group (P > 0.05). Treatment with the 10.6-μm, 650-nm, and 10.6-μm–650-nm compound lasers increased the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow, decreased the unfavorable effects of cyclophosphamide on the cell cycle, induced the cell cycle towards proliferation, decreased apoptosis, improved the intramedullary hematopoietic system, and increased peripheral leukocyte count.

IMPROVEMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL CANCEROMATOSIS BY INTRAPERITONEAL POLYCHEMOTHERAPY ON MODEL OF DISSEMINATED OVARIAN CANCER

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy can potentially significantly improve the results of treatment of patients with abdominal carcinomatosis in ovarian cancer (OC). The aim of the study was to compare the antitumor activity of the combined action of cytostatics: dioxadet and melphalan, dioxadet and mitomycin C with their intraperiponeal administration, with the effects of these drugs in mono mode. In the model of transplanted ovarian tumor in 74 female rats, a single dose was administered: dioxadet, melphalan, or mitomycin C in doses of 1.5; 2; 1.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively, or a combination of these drugs in half doses. Antitumor effects of the treatment were assessed by the median survival time (MST) of rats in various groups. Dioxadet, mitomycin C and melphalan with an intraperitoneal administration statistically significantly increased the MST by 67, 28 and 103 %, respectively. The combination of dioxadet and mitomycin C did not show a significant additive antitumor effect. The combination of dioxadet and melphalan showed a potentiating effect, significantly increased the VST by 186 %, and can be recommended for clinical trials in patients with disseminated OC.

Role of Exosomes Derived from miR-133b Modified MSCs in an Experimental Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has poor outcomes due to high mortality and morbidity, but until now, the effective treatments remain limited. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators of gene expression and demonstrated to be linked to the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Exosomes are considered as cell-to-cell communication vectors and secreted largely by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The present study investigated the role of miR-133b delivered by exosomes secreted from MSCs to brain tissues in rats after ICH. An autologous arterial blood ICH model in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was used in this study. At 72h after transfection with miR-133b mimics in MSCs, miR-133b-modified MSC-derived exosomes were collected from medium of MSCs and then injected to rats via tail vein. The levels of miR-133b in secreted exosomes and brain tissues of rats in various groups and the levels of RhoA, phosphorylations of extracellular signal regulating kinase (ERK1/2), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The effects of miR-133b on neuronal apoptosis and degeneration were respectively evaluated by TUNEL and fluoro-jade B staining. The miR-133b levels were reduced in brain tissues of rats at 24h and peaked at 72h after ICH. At 24h after miR-133b-modified exosome administration, the level of miR-133b was significantly increased, while the apoptotic and neurodegenerative neurons were obviously reduced in brain tissues after ICH. The results of western blot analysis showed that miR-133b modified exosomes treatment remarkably suppressed RhoA expression and activated ERK1/2/CREB in brain tissues after ICH. Collectively, our investigation suggested that exosomes derived from miR-133b modified MSCs exhibited neuroprotective role for anti-apoptotic effect of miR-133b mediating RhoA and ERK1/2/CREB in rats after ICH.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 contributes to morphine tolerance in rats with cancer-induced bone pain

Cancer-induced bone pain can severely compromise the life quality of patients, while tolerance limits the use of opioids in the treatment of cancer pain. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is known to contribute to neuropathic pain. However, the role of spinal MCP-1 in the development of morphine tolerance in patients with cancer-induced bone pain remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of spinal MCP-1 in morphine tolerance in bone cancer pain rats (MTBP rats). Bone cancer pain was induced by intramedullary injection of Walker 256 cells into the tibia of the rats, while morphine tolerance was induced by continuous intrathecal injection of morphine over a period of 9 days. In addition, anti-MCP-1 antibodies were intrathecally injected to rats in various groups in order to investigate the association of MCP-1 with mechanical and heat hyperalgesia using the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) tests, respectively. Furthermore, MCP-1 and CCR2 expression levels were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, and CCR2 expression levels were measured using RT-qPCR. The results indicated that MCP-1 and CCR2 expression levels were significantly increased in the spinal cord of MTBP rats. Intrathecal administration of anti-MCP-1 neutralizing antibodies was observed to attenuate the mechanical and thermal allodynia in MTBP rats. Therefore, the upregulation of spinal MCP-1 and CCR2 expression levels may contribute to the development of mechanical allodynia in MTBP rats. In conclusion, MCP-1/CCR2 signaling may serve a crucial role in morphine tolerance development in rats suffering from cancer-induced bone pain.

Ameliorative effect of Sida cordifolia in rotenone induced oxidative stress model of Parkinson's disease

Present study focused on the evaluation of aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia (AESC), and its different fractions; hexane (HFSC), chloroform (CFSC) and aqueous (AFSC), against rotenone induced biochemical, neurochemical, histopathological and behavioral alterations in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). An estimation of the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) along with superoxide anion generation (SAG) in different brain regions (cortex, midbrain and cerebellum) was carried out to assess biochemical changes. Behavioral evaluation tests (catalepsy, rearing behavior and posture instability) and neurochemical estimations (norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin level) along with histopathological evaluations of different brain regions were also performed. The varying doses (50, 100, 250mg/kg; p.o.) of different test treatments (AESC, HFSC, CFSC and AFSC) were co-administered along with rotenone (2mg/kg; s.c.), for a period of 35 days to rats of various groups and compared with rotenone per se (negative control) and l-deprenyl (positive control; 10mg/kg; p.o.) treated groups for the above mentioned parameters. The increase in catalepsy and posture instability along with decrease in rearing behavior observed due to rotenone treatment was significantly attenuated by co-treatment with varying doses of AESC and AFSC. Results of the histopathological studies of different brain regions of rats showed eosinophilic lesions in the mid brain region due to rotenone treatment. The eosinophilic lesions were significantly attenuated in co-treated groups of AESC-100mg/kg and AFSC-100mg/kg. Rotenone induced oxidative damage, revealed by increased level of TBARS, SAG and decreased level of GSH and CAT in mid brain region of rats, was attenuated by the co-treatment of AESC and AFSC. The rotenone induced decrease of dopamine level in the midbrain region of rats was also attenuated by co-treatment of AESC-100mg/kg and AFSC-100mg/kg. The maximum effect in all the above activities was observed in AFSC (100mg/kg) treated group, which was comparable to l-deprenyl treated group. The HFSC and CFSC co-treatment failed to show significant attenuation of rotenone induced damage. These results indicate the possible therapeutic potential of most polar fraction of AESC i.e. AFSC in PD by virtue of its antioxidative actions.

Effects of estradiol on the expression of estrogen receptor in lens epithelial cell of castrated female Wistar rat

Background Recently researches indicated that estrogen plays important role in maintaining the normal metabolism of lens. Objective This study was to investigate the changes of estrogen receptor( ER ) α and β expressions in lens upon estrogen level in castrated female rat. Methods Sixty clean adult female Wistar rats were randomized into castrated group,sham operation group,ovariectomy group,ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol eyedropping group,ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol eyedropping group,ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol injecting group and ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol injecting group,and 10 rats for each.The castrated animal models were established by ovariectomy for 5 months.Then 50％,100％ oestradiol benzoate eyedrops were used 4 times per day respectively and 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg oestradiol benzoate were intramuscularly injected at two-day interval for 6 weeks in corresponding experimental group.Serum estradiol concentration was detected in the rats of various groups at 5 months after ovariectomy and 6 weeks after administration of estradiol benzoate.The animals were sacrificed using the excessive anesthesia method and the lenses were obtained for the assay of ERα and ERβ expressions.The use of the animals complied with the Statement of ARVO. Results No obvious opacification of lenses and the changes of structure and morphology in lens were seen in the rats of various groups under the slit lamp microscope and light microscope during the observing duration after ovariectomy.The significant differences were found in serum estradiol concentrations among the 6 groups ( F=15490.527,P=0.000) or between before and after usage of estradiol benzoate( F=943.236,P =0.001 ).Six weeks after usage of estradiol benzoate,the expressions of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were lower in the castrated group,ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol injecting group compared with the the sham operative group (P＜0.05),but those in the ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol injecting group were elevated in comparison with above groups( P＜0.05 ),and expressions of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were similar to the sham operative group ( ERα:28.04±6.80 vs.31.30±7.11 ;ERβ:27.75±7.13 vs.25.38±5.59).Mean A values of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were lower in the castrated group,ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol injecting group compared with the sham operative group (P＜0.05),but those in the ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol injecting group were elevated in comparison with above groups ( P＜0.05 ),and mean 4 values of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were similar to the sham operative group (ERα:0.1833 ±0.0087 vs.0.1859 ±0.0067; ERβ:0.1689±0.0059 vs.0.1686±0.0095). Conclusions The expressions of ERα and ERβ in the LECs are associated with the level of serum estradiol.The effects of estrogen on lens were different by different medication way.Low-dose estradiol eyedropping was a more feasible approach to the prevention of cataract. Key words: Estradiol benzoate; Estrogen receptor; Apoptosis; Lens; Castrated rat model

EXERCISE TRAINING PREVENTS AGING-INDUCED DECREASE IN IRS-1 mRNA EXPRESSION IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE

1164 It is well established that insulin stimulates signaling reactions including insulin receptor autophosphorylation, tyrosine kinase activation, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activation. Exercise training prevents an aging-induced' decrease in insulin sensitivity, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms for improvement of insulin sensitivity by exercise training. In the present study, we examined effects of aging and exercise training on expression of insulin receptor, IRS-1 and PI3-kinase mRNAs in rat skeletal muscle. Female Wister rats (3 wk old) were divided into sedentary and exercise trained groups. Rats in the exercise trained group were housed in the cage with running wheel throughout the experiment, thereby rats were allowed to exercise voluntarily. At 4, 12, 27 wk old, rats in various groups were killed, and then gastrocnemius muscle was removed. The insulin receptor, IRS-1 and PI3-kinase mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-PCR. The exercise training and aging did not affect the levels of insulin receptor and PI3-kinase mRNAs. In sedentary rats, the level of IRS-1 mRNA was significantly decreased by aging: 74% for 12 wk old and 49% for 27 wk old compared to that of 4 wk old. On the other hand, the level of IRS-1 mRNA in trained rats was not decreased by aging and was significantly higher(1.7 fold) than that in sedentary rats at 27 wk old. These results suggest that the improvement of insulin sensitivity by exercise training may be due, at least in part, to the increase in IRS-1 mRNA expression.