Rational Land Use Research Articles

Legal terminology in environmental and land law: theoretical-legal analysis

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law and proves the feasibility of its improvement in connection with the adaptation of the norms of national law to the law of the European Union. The article states that today in Ukraine there is significant environmental pollution, climate change, land deterioration, which significantly worsened in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation and caused a particularly dangerous ecological situation in the country. The article proves that the implementation of the principles of the right of citizens to a safe environment, ensuring human safety, protection and rational use of land, forest, water and subsoil resources is not possible without a clear definition of legal prescriptions enshrined in the law. The article states that one of the important aspects of the language of law is legal terminology, which makes it possible to formulate the content of a legal document. The article defines the concepts of “terminology”, “terminology”, “legal terminology”. It is noted that it is not appropriate to equate the concepts of “terminology” and “terminological system”. It has been investigated that despite the presence of established terminology in environmental law, the presence of terms in need of improvement is observed in this field, namely: “ecological law” and “environmental law”. It has been proved that for the purpose of further codification of environmental law, it seems appropriate to use the term “environmental law” as an established term of EU legislation. It has been analyzed that today the language of the law in the field of land relations is gaining importance, which is due to the formation of the land market in Ukraine and the need to adapt the norms of land law to EU law. It is noted that in land law there is a problem of identifying the terms: “land”, “land plot”. It was noted that the legal terms related to the formation of the land market in Ukraine need improvement and detailing. It was concluded that legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the important aspects of the development of the language of law. The issue of improving legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the necessary steps that will contribute to the unification and harmonization of the legal norms of the specified fields in the context of adapting the norms of national law to EU law.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TARGET DESIGNATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS

This article examines the problem of changing the designated purpose of agricultural land in the context of a modern market economy. The author draws attention to the priority of agricultural land use established by law and the importance of efficient use of these resources for the development of other sectors of the economy and in accordance with the needs of the population. The study examines the factors that influence the decision to change the designated purpose of land and discusses the possible consequences of such changes for agricultural production and environmental sustainability. The subject of this research is an analysis of the problem of changing the designated purpose of agricultural land in the current conditions of a market economy. The research methodology includes an analysis of current legislation, a study of the practice of applying its provisions, as well as a review of current research and statistics in the field of agriculture and land relations. The purpose of the article is to reveal the importance of the priority of agricultural land use and the need for efficient use of these resources in a market economy. The study shows that changing the designated purpose of agricultural land can have a significant impact on the economy, environment and social sphere. It is shown that, despite the need for other uses of some land plots, the priority of agricultural land use is a key factor in ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development. Based on the analysis of research, the author concludes that it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures for the conservation and rational use of agricultural land. The proposed strategies include the development of effective legislation, promotion of alternative forms of agricultural production, such as organic agriculture, as well as control over compliance with land legislation and the introduction of tools for monitoring changes in land designation. The article examines the list of principles of land management, including the principles of sustainable use, rational use, environmental safety and others. The author emphasises the importance of taking these principles into account when making decisions on planning and use of agricultural land in order to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector and preservation of the environment. The study found that economic, environmental and social aspects are important among the principles that influence changes in the designated purpose of agricultural land. Economic principles include the value of land, its efficient use and market competitiveness. Environmental principles focus on the preservation of soil, water resources and biodiversity. Social principles take into account the interests of the local population, ensuring food security and even development of territories. The conclusion of the study emphasises the need to take these principles into account when developing strategies for land use, sustainable agricultural development and the conservation of natural resources. In addition, it is important to develop land management mechanisms based on the principles of economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Such an approach states the need for a balanced approach to changing the designated purpose of land, taking into account the interests of the agricultural sector, the needs of the population and environmental requirements. This approach will help to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector and efficient use of land resources in the current economic and environmental challenges.

The strategy for the rational use of agricultural land and the features of implementation In the regions of Russia

The negative consequences of problems in organizing the rational use and protection of agricultural lands create significant risks for ensuring the country’s food security and preserving land potential for future generations of Russian people. The article presents the results of the analysis of the state and directions in the development of land use, identifies the most critical trends, proposed strategic decisions and tools for the formation an effective land management system. The paper also substantiates the need to develop and implement a document defining the essence and content of the state’s land policy.

Methodology for forming a digital farming management system

The paper presents methodological approaches for the creation of a digital farming management system (DFMS). A convergent approach, based on cognitive (conceptual) analysis methods, is employed in the research and applied to the formation of adaptive landscape farming systems. The fundamental principles of organizing DFMS include crop and environmental monitoring (in situ, remote sensing); the formation of farming system archetypes based on the analysis of long-term field experiments; spatial object modeling and land typology using GIS; planning and support for agrotechnologies to adapt to natural and economic conditions; modeling ecosystem services and biodiversity; assessing the impact on the sustainability and economics of crop production. The system is implemented using geoinformation models in a specific geographic coordinate. DFMS involves conducting a "inventory" of natural and production resources, as well as identifying limits of climatic, soil, and agrolandscape parameters at different levels of land use intensity. At each stage of organizing system blocks, methods of intelligent data analysis and machine learning are used, with the core of the system relying on the use of knowledge bases and logical rules of the subject area. A key element of the system is the scaling of the results of long-term field experiments and accumulated knowledge in different management areas based on the parameterization of the multi-level variability of farming systems and the formation of their archetypes. The practical implementation of the main provisions of DFMS allows approaching the solution of key issues related to reducing the level of uncertainty and associated risks in agriculture. This is achieved through scientifically justified organization of rational land use, increasing the resilience of crop production in different land use conditions, and providing information support to rural producers.

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА АГРОЛАНДШАФТОВ ДЛЯ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of agricultural landscapes for agricultural land use purposes. The authors of the article show possible ways of organizing rational land use based on an assessment of the ecological and economic condition of the lands of settlements in the Romodanovsky municipal district of the Republic of Mordovia.

The analysis of changes in land management indicators over 30 years considering the food security of the country

The overarching aim of ensuring the country's food security is providing of the country's population with wholesome, quality-assured and available agriproduct, raw materials and food in volumes that ensure rational food consumption criteria. One of the central objectives of ensuring food security, whether external and internal conditions change or not, is the sustainable development of agriproduct, raw materials and food, sufficient to provide food sovereignty predicated on the principle of research-backed planning. Using the example of some regions of the Russian Federation, a look-back study of agricultural land use and changes in land management activities over a 30-year period was carried out, and the measures for rational land use organization.

Efficiency Evaluation and Performance Governance of Infrastructure Construction Based on DEA and Improved Neural Networks

Abstract Infrastructure construction is the carrier of regional economic development, and the rational use of urban construction land is an important basis that largely depends on the efficiency of urban infrastructure construction. However, due to the lack of effective integration between urban evaluation and management in infrastructure, the infrastructure performance evaluation system is not yet mature enough. Therefore, this article conducts efficiency evaluation and performance governance of infrastructure construction based on DEA and improved neural networks. Firstly, based on a comprehensive analysis of performance evaluation, the advantages and disadvantages of infrastructure construction were explored. Secondly, in the study of using DEA and improved neural networks to evaluate the efficiency of infrastructure construction, a performance evaluation index system for urban infrastructure construction was constructed from four aspects: input, output, effect, and activity. A systematic performance evaluation of urban infrastructure was conducted, and optimization suggestions were proposed accordingly.

Rational agricultural land use

The goal is to study the importance of rational use of land area for cultivation of crops. At the same time, a decisive role is assigned to increasing their productivity in order to ensure food security of the republic. Methods – economic-statistical, factor analysis and marketing research. Results – the need to improve the mechanism for the return and redistribution of empty unused in agriculture has been identified. It was determined that their status should be increased in order to be involved in agricultural turnover. The forecast for the sown area and the efficiency of cultivating crops has been calculated. The authors note that the return of unused lands to agricultural use will increase their productivity by up to 32%, and will also meet the need for agricultural products. Conclusions - it is necessary to accelerate the process of transferring this category of land to the state for their full exploitation for agricultural purposes, since the area of arable land for agricultural purposes is decreasing, which negatively affects the productivity of some agricultural plants. Rational land use in agriculture and solving the country's food problem contribute to increasing soil fertility, combating erosion, which poses a significant threat to the sustainability of agroecosystems, and reducing their degradation. In countries with developed economies, a systematic land accounting method is used. Its distinctive characteristic is the ability to carry out registration and accounting activities with land plots within the region and low unit costs. In Kazakhstan, it is advisable to use this approach in relation to agricultural lands, a significant share of which constitutes the country’s land fund. The proposed methods will reduce the number of abandoned land masses, increase investment attractiveness, and also support peasant (private) farms.

РАЗРАБОТКА ПРИЕМОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬЮ ПЛОДОВЫХ ЦЕНОЗОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ БИОЛОГИЗИРОВАННЫХ МЕТОДОВ

The results of 2023 research on the development of methods for managing the stability of fruit agrocenoses with rational land use are presented. The objects of research are orchard agrobiocenoses under various cultivation conditions. The work used methodological approaches and original techniques developed by the research team. Methods and elements of technologies for increasing the resistance of fruit agrocenoses to a complex of factors with biologized approaches for controlling the development of pathogens and pests, rational formation of the crowns of fruit crops of domestic varieties against the background of the application of biostimulants, techniques for rationing high-quality fruit yield, optimized approaches for optimizing plant nutrition and reproducing soil fertility in biocenotic and molecular levels were developed. The obtained results of scientific research of a fundamental and applied nature are associated with the identification of patterns and disclosure of mechanisms for the formation of the productivity of fruit crops in changing cultivation conditions and create a methodological basis for the development of new elements of technologies for managing the productivity of orchard cenoses, systems for monitoring the resource potential of soils to provide the population with quality products while preserving the environment. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of rootstock genotype on the realization of the production potential of various scion-rootstock combinations of the genus Malus Mill. under conditions of different planting densities, will allow, through the use of the most productive scion-rootstock combinations, to significantly increase the productivity of plantings, make the most efficient use of the garden area, and significantly accelerate the onset of marketable fruiting. New knowledge about the patterns of influence of certain limiting parameters of the soil cover on the condition and productivity of scion-rootstock combinations of fruit crops will be used to develop optimal parameters for assessing the horticultural suitability of soils. The identified features of frost resistance of various pear varieties in terms of the degree of stability of their flower buds under changing weather conditions in different phases of the winter-spring period are the basis for optimizing the placement of pear crops in the North Caucasus zone. Key words: ORCHARD CENOSES, ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, CHANGES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS, TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL PARAMETERS, SCION-ROOTSTOCK COMBINATIONS, DOMESTIC APPLE VARIETIES, FROST RESISTANCE OF PEAR VARIETIES, NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION, PATHOGENS AND PEST CONTROL

Анализ факторов, определяющих величину экологического воздействия сельскохозяйственного производства на земельные ресурсы

Abstract. The purpose is to assess the impact of factors determining the magnitude of the environmental impact of agricultural production on land resources. Methodology and methods. In the course of the study, nonparametric statistical methods were used to identify dependencies in the data set. When constructing predictive models, ROC-analysis was used to find the values of the cut-off point. Results. The study made it possible to localize three groups of regions of the Russian Federation that differ quite significantly in terms of the environmental impact of agricultural production on land resources and are characterized by a high level of dispersion within the groups. The analysis of the interrelations between the parameters characterizing the level of environmental impact made it possible to identify factors that have a decisive influence on the indicators of reproduction of land fertility. In regions with a high negative environmental impact, only the yield value is crucial, the growth of which leads to an increase in the uncompensated removal of soil fertility elements, and, accordingly, to the progression of land degradation. In regions with an average level of negative environmental impact, its magnitude also depends on the amount of organic fertilizers applied, which forms a less high level of uncompensated removal of soil fertility elements and, accordingly, environmental damage in the regions included in this group. In the group with a positive environmental impact, it is the level of application of organic fertilizers that has a decisive influence on the reproduction of land fertility. The regression analysis showed that when approximating the values of the positive environmental impact on land resources, the amount of organic fertilizers can be the most reasonable variable. ROC-analysis regarding the application of organic fertilizers for grain crops as a potential predictive parameter of positive environmental impact showed that its threshold value at the cut-off point is 2.56 tons per 1 ha. The scientific novelty lies in the formation of the evidence base of the dependence of land fertility on the parameters of agroecological impact necessary to understand the mechanisms of building a system of rational land use in agriculture.

Using of Agricultural Land in Astrakhan Region. Problems and Solutions

The article examines the regulation of land relations in the agricultural sector of economy, as well as state and municipal administration of agricultural land use in Astrakhan region. The paper also considers private land ownership, the state land use and the rental system of agricultural land use with the vicious practice of one-time consumption of soil fertility and post-rental degradation of agricultural lands, land rent as a regulation of the rational use of agricultural land and the formation of local budgets using land payments, and other land problems and the ways to solve them. “Words follow facts” (Ivan Petrovich Pavlov).

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ФАКТОРЫ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙ-СТВЕННОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И КРАС-НОДАРСКОМ КРАЕ

The article examines changes in the structure of land resources in the Russian Federation and the Krasnodar Territory over certain periods of time. The dynamics of the main categories of land are shown. The purpose of the study is to identify key trends and factors influencing changes in the structure of land resources by category using the example of the Russian Federation and the Krasnodar Territory. The reporting data from national and regional reports on the state and use of land in the Russian Federation and the Krasnodar Territory are analyzed. Statistical, monographic, computational and con-structive research methods were used. A conclusion is made about the decrease in agri-cultural land due to their transfer to other categories. An analysis of these changes has been carried out, the causes and possible consequences of the future development of ag-riculture and the state of food security of the country have been established. The study highlights the importance of rational use of agricultural land in agricultural production. A conclusion is made about the imperfection of legislation on the transfer of agricultural land to other categories, about the need to enhance the functionality of institutions and land management. Possible ways to change the existing trend are proposed.

Multi-Scenario Land Use/Cover Change and Its Impact on Carbon Storage Based on the Coupled GMOP-PLUS-InVEST Model in the Hexi Corridor, China

Understanding the relationship between land use and carbon storage is vital for achieving sustainable development goals. However, our understanding of how carbon storage develops under land policy planning is still incomplete. In this study, a comprehensive framework that integrates Gray Multi-objective Optimization Programming (GMOP), the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) models is introduced to evaluate land use dynamics and ecosystem services. Two scenarios have been established to estimate Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) patterns in the Hexi Corridor by 2035: the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, developed based on historical trends, and the ecological conservation scenario (ECS), optimized with multiple policy objectives. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the predominant land use type in the Hexi Corridor was unutilized land, with LUCC mainly involving the transformation of unutilized land to grass land. (2) Carbon storage in the Hexi Corridor increased by approximately 9.05 × 106 t from 2000 to 2020 due to LUCC, characterized by higher levels in the south and lower levels in the north. (3) The areas of grass land and arable land are expected to continue increasing until 2035, while the extent of unutilized land is projected to decrease. The ECS is poised to create a balance between ecological protection and economic development. (4) By 2035, both the BAU scenario and ECS estimate an increase in the carbon storage of the Hexi Corridor, with the ECS expected to result in the most significant gains. These research findings provide valuable insights for administrators and researchers, guiding more rational land use planning and ecological restoration policies to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality.

Exploring the Impact of Land Use Scales on Water Quality Based on the Random Forest Model: A Case Study of the Shaying River Basin, China

Optimizing the land use structure is one of the most effective means of improving the surface water aquatic environment. The relationship between land use patterns and water quality is complex due to the influence of dams and sluices. To further investigate the impact of land use patterns on water quality in different basins, we use the Shaying River as an example, which is a typical tributary of the Huai River Basin. Utilizing 2020 land use data and surface water quality monitoring data from two periods, this study employs GIS spatial analysis, the Random Forest Model, redundancy analysis, and Partial Least-Squares Regression to quantitatively explore how different-scale buffer zone land use patterns impact surface water quality. The key findings include: (1) notable seasonal differences in water quality indicators within the basin. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is significantly better in the non-flood season compared to the flood season, with water quality deteriorating towards the lower reaches. Key indicators affecting water quality include dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and turbidity (Tur) in the flood season and NH3-N, permanganate index (CODMn), and electrical conductivity (EC) in the non-flood season. (2) Cultivated land and construction land are the main land uses in the basin. The sub-basin buffer zone was identified as the most effective scale for land use impact on water quality indicators in the Shaying River. (3) Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis revealed that cultivated land, construction land, and grass are the primary land use types influencing surface water quality changes, and the PLSR model is better during the non-flood season. Cultivated and construction lands show a positive correlation with most water quality indicators, while forest land, water bodies, and grasslands correlate positively with DO and negatively with other indicators. The study underscores that rational land use planning in the sub-basin is crucial for enhancing the quality of the surface water environment.

LAND MARKET: PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND FEATURES OF PRICING

The article examines the prospects for the development of the land market and its features. It is substantiated that the need to solve the issue of rational use of agricultural lands is the basis for developing a strategy for the development of territories and united territorial communities. It has been proven that the basis of reforming in the field of land relations and the formation of an effective land market are two fundamental provisions: ensuring the proper level and quality of life of the population; support for social justice. Attention is focused on the fact that the potential of the national land fund determines opportunities and creates significant prospects, gives competitive advantages at the international level. These potential opportunities can be realized only if an effective model of property relations is developed and implemented, which provides for the balancing of the interests of land market participants and determines the place of Ukraine as a state with a stable competitive position on the world market based on rational nature management and effective use of resources in general. It is substantiated that there are little opportunities for buying and selling land resources, which can be determined by the following factors: lack of financial opportunities in the vast majority of the population, that is, a small level of ability to pay for the purchase of land; a number of issues in the field of land relations remain unsettled and unclear; insignificant level of market infrastructure development; opacity of the pricing mechanism for land resources; unwillingness of the rural population to join the processes of buying and selling land; the presence of risks related to the process of buying and selling land, etc. It was determined that the basis of reforming in the field of land relations and the formation of an effective land market are two fundamental provisions: ensuring the proper level and quality of life of the population; support for social justice. Attention is focused on the fact that the vast majority of economic sectors are related to rational land use, which determines the importance of proper coordination and regulation of the land market.

A promising model of natural-economic diversity in the Carpathian-Podillia region in Ukraine in the context of national and regional interests


 
 
 A promising model of natural-economic diversity in the Carpathian-Podillia region in the context of national and regional interest is based on rational use of agricultural, water economy, recreation tourism, forest land, and human settlement resources. The foundation of the model was a rational, historically formed use of nature and natural resources, which are essential for the optimal functioning of the Carpathian-Podillia region in Ukraine. In the article, besides the traditional types of nature use, we analyzed new creative kinds – recreation tourism, human settlement, nature protection and others, which are currently oriented at sustaining the ecological balance in the region in order to promote optimal living and work conditions for the people. In the system of state management of the processes of nature use in Ukraine, the dominating tendency is strengthening of the regional territorial link of management, which obviously is related to ecological issues. Over the recent decades, the national spend on environmental protection has increased. The state has improved the regulations of nature use by establishing methods to identify and reverse processes of environmental pollution, as well as regulation of the mechanism of ecological expertise. The national environmental policy has attained a vector towards a sustainable nature use. One of its moving forces is legal responsibility for nature use, adoption of a number of laws of environmental protection and creation of respective institutions of state-administrative management. The expenditure on combating environmental pollution approached 2% of Ukraine’s GDP. Important components in the structure of state ecological regulation are state and foreign investments. The main capital investments in environmental protection and rational use of natural resources are car- ried out for the following spheres: rational use of water, land, forest, fishery resources; protection of atmosphere air. The greatest share of material support goes to water, land, and mineral resources.
 
 

Забезпечення сталого та раціонального землекористування: міжнародний досвід та українські реалії

Currently, the problems of sustainable and rational land use are becoming relevant in most countries of the world. Ukraine is no exception. And these issues have become extremely urgent as a result of russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to study and summarize the international experience in the development of the system of sustainable and rational land use; identification of modern problems of land use in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine and ways to solve them. To achieve this purpose, the following general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, component analysis, comparison, analogy, classification, statistical analysis, expert survey, bibliometric analysis, trend analysis (using the Google Trends), structural and logical generalization. A bibliometric and trend analysis of the relationship between the terms «sustainable land use» and «rational land use» is carried out. On the basis of the study and generalization of international experience, specific features and differences in the development of the system of sustainable land use in some countries of the world have been identified. A statistical analysis of indicators of land use development in Ukraine in the pre-wartime period is carried out. The problems, threats and risks of land use associated with hostilities on the territory of Ukraine are identified. The experience of implementing national land restoration policies by countries affected by hostilities is analyzed. It is determined that the current economic conditions in Ukraine require the creation of appropriate institutional conditions and the improvement of mechanisms for ensuring sustainable land use, taking into account the specifics of wartime. As a result of the study, it is proved that in order to ensure sustainable and rational land use in Ukraine, taking into account the best world practices that are used in most countries of the world, it is necessary to develop a set of provisions and recommendations of a theoretical, methodological and practical nature.

Increasing the efficiency of land use as a condition оf ensuring sustainable development of rural areas

The study includes the development and justification of specific measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of land use to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. It contains justification for research methodology, analysis of methodological and scientific information, assessment of the environmental and economic efficiency of using land resources using the example of the Krasnodar Territory. The interpretation of the concept of sustainability of rural territories is given, a causal relationship between increasing the efficiency of land use and ensuring the sustainability of rural territories, including economic, social and environmental components, is established. To increase the efficiency of land use, the methodology for identifying unused land plots has been clarified, which is applied on the example of the Rodnikovsky rural settlement of the Kurganinsky district, where unused arable land overgrown with woody and shrubby vegetation has been established, resulting in an annual lost profit of 18.1 million rubles. The necessity of developing directions for improving the efficiency of land use to ensure sustainable development of rural areas is substantiated. The scientific novelty of the work consists in substantiating the categorical apparatus of research and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of land use, determining the motivation of land users (landowners) to organize the rational use of land to ensure sustainable development of rural areas on the example of Krasnodar Territory.

ФОРМУВАННЯ НАПРЯМІВ ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЇ РЕФОРМИ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕСУРСІВ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article analyzes the aspects related to the implementation of land reform in Ukraine, the basis of the characteristics of this process, advantages and disadvantages that can be determined as influencing factors on the activation of entrepreneurial activity in the agrarian sphere. It is indicated that the establishment of clear and stable land ownership rights can contribute to transparency and accountability in the management of land resources. It is emphasized that if the owners are sure of their rights, this can contribute to greater investment attractiveness and rational use of land. It is emphasized that the land reform can determine the principles of distribution of land resources aimed at sustainable development. This may include taking into account environmental and social aspects in land allocation and use. It was determined that ensuring the legality of land use rights for agriculture can contribute to more efficient use of the soil. This may include rights to lease, use or other forms of use. It is emphasized that the introduction of a land market can stimulate competition and efficiency. It is noted that the owners will be interested in the rational use of their land, as this may affect its market value. It is emphasized that land reform can include measures to support small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, including ensuring access to land and resources for these farms. It is concluded that land reform can include land use regulation systems, such as restrictions on the use of land for certain purposes or the establishment of environmental standards. It is stated that the overall goal of such reforms is to improve the management and use of land to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector, economic growth and social development of rural communities. The essence of land relations lies in the management and regulation of the use and ownership of land plots. Land use is a source of income for the budgets of various levels of government. A land market and improved land management can significantly increase the ability of communities to mobilize additional land-related resources. Land reform contributes to the effective use of resources of agricultural enterprises, influencing the organizational structure, management and distribution of land resources.

Agro-ecological monitoring of the territory of the Chelyabinsk agriculture research institute

Agroecological monitoring of lands is an important tool in regulating the development of unfavorable processes of lands suitable for agricultural use. It is a component of land use forecasting. The article is devoted to the organization of agroecological monitoring on the territory of the Chelyabinsk Agriculture Research Institute enterprise using methods of Earth remote sensing. This article analyzes the current state of agricultural lands of the Chelyabinsk Agriculture Research Institute with territory classification. The main focus is on monitoring the condition of crops for the growing season of 2023. The analysis of data in GIS systems allows to predict risks and take measures to increase crop yields and resistance to climate change. This direction has its relevance today. Monitoring is one of the tools for forecasting and rational land use.