Ratio In Asthma Research Articles

March1-overexpressed dendritic cells downregulate Th1/Th2 ratio in asthma through promoting OX40L

Asthma is an inflammatory disease. Th2 differentiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We explored the role and action mechanism of membrane-associated RING-CH 1 (March1) in the Th2 differentiation regulated by dendritic cells (DCs). Our data showed that the expression of March1 was higher in asthmatic children-derived DCs, asthmatic mice-derived DCs and house dust mites (HDMs)-treated DCs than that in control DCs. Increasing of March1 promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from HDMs-treated DCs, and enhanced the promotion of HDMs-treated DCs to CD4+T cell proliferation and Th2 differentiation, whereas decreasing of March1 resulted in opposite effects. Furthermore, our data indicated that March1 positively regulated the expression of OX40 ligand (OX40L) and facilitated DCs-induced Th2 differentiation through OX40L. In asthmatic mice, March1-overexpressed DCs significantly aggravated the injury in lung tissues and promoted Th2 differentiation. Overall, our data proved that highly expressed March1 in DCs facilitated asthma development through inducing Th2 differentiation by facilitating OX40L expression. Our data might provide a new idea for the treatment of asthma.

MiRNA-221-5p suppressed the Th17/Treg ratio in asthma via ROR\u03b3t/Foxp3 by targeting SOCS1

BackgroundThis study was designed to investigate the mechanism and effects of miRNA-221-5p on the T-helper 17 (Th17)/T-regulatory (Treg) ratio in asthma.MethodsBALB/c mice were intranasally challenged with 100 µg OVA on 14 and 21 day. Mice were rechallenged with 2.5% OVA-PBS on 22 and 28 day. Mice were sacrificed using on day 30 under 35 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium. PBMCs were induced vitro model of asthma using 500 ng of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 4 h.ResultsThe expression of miRNA-221-5p was reduced in in vivo model, compared sham group. The vitro model of asthma treated with miRNA-221-5p mimic resulted in the reduction of IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 levels, and induction of IL-10, IL-35 and TGF-β levels. In addition, down-regulation of miRNA-221-5p induced the protein expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) and suppressed that of FOXP3 in in vitro model of asthma. Over-expression of miRNA-221-5p induced the protein expression of FOXP3, and suppressed that of SOCS1 and RORγt in in vitro model of asthma. The inhibition of SOCS1 or RORγt attenuated the effects of anti-miRNA-221-5p on Th17/Treg ratio in asthma.ConclusionmiRNA-221-5p may play critical roles in driving the differentiation of Th17/Treg ratio via RORγt/Foxp3 by Targeting SOCS1, reduced the function of Th17 cells by directly inhibiting RORγt/SOCS1 and promoted the function of Treg cells via Foxp3/ SOCS1 in asthma.

2016 Respiratory Effectiveness Group Annual Summit Report-impact & influence of real-world respiratory evidence.

The Respiratory Effectiveness Group (REG) (www.effectivenessevaluation.org) is a global network of respiratory clinicians, researchers, outcomes researchers and allied health professionals with a shared interest in real-world research. Founded in early 2013, the REG is an investigator-led collaborative organisation that works to raise the quality and profile of real-life research by standardising methodologies, setting standards and applying high-quality methods to address evidence gaps and unmet research needs. The REG’s third annual summit took place on the 15–16th of April 2016 in Lyon, France. The event was scheduled to dovetail with the final symposium of the European Union Funded ASTRO-LAB Study (http://www.astrolab-project.eu; Seventh Framework Program under Grant Agreement n 282593). The ASTRO-LAB symposium was the culmination of a 4-year assessment of the long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) benefit/risk ratio in asthma in routine care by combining healthcare databases and direct patient follow-up. The coincident timing of the two events reflected the close working relationships of ASTRO-LAB investigators and REG collaborators and their shared ethos—that there is a need to look beyond the classical registration randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence and to consider longer-term studies (in broader patient populations) conducted in routine care settings to understand the true effectiveness and safety profiles of respiratory interventions. Previous REG Summit themes focussed on the evolving role and value of real-life research in Respiratory Medicine (1) and on available observational research resources around the world (2). As the REG is maturing as an organisation, its Executive Members felt that the theme for 2016 should explore the extent to which real-life research is, likewise, maturing and starting to influence and have an impact on decision making across different stakeholder groups. This was reflected in the 2016 Summit theme: Impact and Influence of Real-World Research on Respiratory Medicine. The resultant programme was developed in collaboration with the REG Chairman, Prof. David Price (Singapore, Singapore) and an international REG Summit Committee: Dr. Nemr Eid (Louisville, Kentucky, USA), Prof. George Christoff (Sofia, Bulgaria); Dr. Bernardino Alcazar-Navarrete (Granada, Spain) and Mr Aji Barot (London, UK). The programme spanned 2 days and included a range of different session formats (e.g., plenaries, pro/con debates, oral and poster abstract presentations) and topics. The ‘impact and influence’ of real-world respiratory evidence were considered with respect to: individualised care/personalised medicine; market access and payor perspectives and guideline development. The scope and potential impact of the studies currently underway through REG’s speciality working groups was also discussed.

Urbanization factors associated with childhood asthma and prematurity: a population-based analysis aged from 0 to 5 years in Taiwan by using Cox regression within a hospital cluster model

Objective: Childhood asthma and premature birth are both common; however, no studies have reported urbanization association between asthma and prematurity and the duration of prematurity affect asthma development. We use Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) to explore association between asthma and prematurity among children by using a population-based analysis. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with registration data derived from Taiwan LHID. We evaluated prematurely born infants and children aged <5 years (n = 532) and age-matched control patients (n = 60505) using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis within a hospital cluster model. Of the 61 037 examinees, 14 012 experienced asthma during the 5-year follow-up, including 161 (72.26 per 1000 person-years) infants and children born prematurely and 13 851 (40.27 per 1000 person-years) controls. Results: The hazard ratio for asthma during 5-year follow-up period was 1.95 (95% confidence interval = 1.67–2.28) among children born prematurely. Boys born prematurely aged 0–2 years were associated with higher asthma rates compared with girls in non-premature and premature groups. Living in urban areas, those born prematurely were associated with higher rates of asthma compared with non-prematurity. Those born prematurely lived in northern region had higher asthma hazard ratio than other regions. Conclusion: Our analyses indicated that sex, age, urbanization level, and geographic region are significantly associated with prematurity and asthma. Based on cumulative asthma-free survival curve generated using the Kaplan–Meier method, infants born prematurely should be closely monitored to see if they would develop asthma until the age of 6 years.

Asthma in men and women: Treatment adherence, anxiety, and quality of sleep

The aim of this study was to compare female and male asthmatics with special emphasis on reported adherence, anxiety, and quality of sleep. The study included 470 subjects with current asthma from the Nordic countries, who took part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II. Subjects were investigated with a structured clinical interview, including questions on the presence of respiratory symptoms and therapy. They were also asked to fill in the self-reported Hospital Anxiety Depression scale and the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire. Inhaled corticosteroids (OR=0.55) and a doctor's appointment in the last 12 months (OR=0.54) implied a significantly reduced risk for non-adherence in normal situations. At exacerbation in asthma, women had a significantly decreased risk for non-adherence (OR=0.46). Female gender and anxiety were independent risk factors for both insomnia (OR=3.67 and 2.53, respectively) and daytime sleepiness (OR=2.53 and 2.04, respectively). Women with asthma have a more positive attitude towards their medication, have a higher reported adherence, and use inhaled corticosteroids more often than men. At the same time women report more often anxiety and insomnia than men. Awareness of sex differences in the manifestations and attitudes towards treatment of asthma is important in order to improve asthma management.

Association between Obesity and Asthma in US Children and Adolescents

Background. To explore the association between obesity and asthma in US children and adolescents with adjustment of other structural and behavioral factors. Method. Prevalence and associated risk factors of asthma were explored in 102,273 children and adolescents in the National Survey of Children's Health (2003–2004). Subgroup analysis was performed for subjects of 0-6 year-old, 7–12 year-old, and 13–17 year-old. Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the potential risk factors were examined in univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results. The overall prevalence of obesity was 24.5% and that of asthma was 12.5%. The adjusted odds ratio of asthma with obesity remains significantly bigger than 1 for children in the 7–12 and the 13–17 year-old age-groups. Gender and race were significantly associated with asthma in all age groups. The two parent family structure showed significant protectiveness against asthma with children in the 0–6 year-old age group. Poverty was positively associated with asthma in the 7–12 years old age group. Having a smoker in the household increased the odds of asthma by 29% and 23.5% in the 0–6 and 13–17 year-old age-groups, respectively. Higher education level of the parents and access to healthcare showed positive association with asthma in the 13–17 year-old age group. Conclusion. Gender and race were significantly associated with asthma. In the 13–17 year-old age-groups, obesity, household education level, healthcare coverage, and household smoking were positively associated with asthma. Further studies should characterize how the family structure and household education level influence childhood asthma in 0–6 and 13–17 year-old age-groups respectively.